The Book of Songs is China's first collection of poems, including Feng, Ya and Ode. What does this poem in the ode describe?

Fu is a kind of dance music used in China Zhou Dynasty. The Book of Songs contains some lyrics with music, which can be divided into three categories: Zhou Song, Truffle and Shang Ode.

The "wind" in The Book of Songs refers to "folk customs" and "national customs", which mainly describes people's lives.

"Elegance" is divided into elegance and indecency. It mainly records the articles made by ancient princes during their banquets at court.

eulogistic poem

An indispensable part of The Book of Songs. Including 3 1 Zhou Song, 4 truffles and 5 Shang Odes, a total of 40 songs, collectively known as "Three Odes".

The explanation of ode was first found in Preface to Poetry: "The eulogist is described as beautiful and virtuous, and he tells the gods about his success." Confucius said in Mao Shi Zheng Yi that the word "Rong" was omitted under "ode". Zhu's Biography of Poetry says that the ancient words "ode" and "capacity" are universal. According to Ruan Yuan's interpretation of Shi Jing Collection, "Rong" refers to the ability of dancing, and "description of beauty and goodness" refers to the dance action of praising "goodness". For example, "Zhou Song Wei Qing" is a music song dedicated to King Wen, and "Xiao Xu" said, "Shoot elephants and dance." Zheng Xuan's Biography of Mao Poetry says, "It's like dancing, like stabbing and dancing when fighting." That is to say, the plot and action of Zhou Wenwang's military conquest are expressed in the form of dance, which can prove that he not only sang but also danced when he worshipped his ancestral temple. "Song and dance" can be said to be the characteristics of ancestral temple music and songs. Modern scholars also believe that Fu is the joy of offering sacrifices to ancestral temples, and some of it is dance music.

Most of "Ode to Zhou" is a sacrificial movement of the Zhou Dynasty in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and some works are from the late period of Wang Zhao. Truffle is a Lu Fu in the Spring and Autumn Period. Shang Yang Fu is a work traced back to the source by Song people in the Spring and Autumn Period (Song is a descendant of Yin Shang).

The author of "Song of Zhou" is no longer available for examination.

Truffles have four tunes, which Xiao Xu thinks are all about Lu Xigong. The first article is □, and the preface says that the people of Lu respect him because he is thrifty in governing the country, generous in loving the people, and attaches importance to agriculture and beauty. "So Ji's father pleaded with Zhou, and Shi praised him." Ji's father was an aristocrat in the state of Lu, and Duke Wen of Lu and Master Xuangong were all ministers of the dynasty, while posthumous title was appointed. SmithKline, that is, Taishike, Japanese standard. In the eighteenth year of Zuo Gong, a long article by Tai Zhilu was published. It can be seen that he is a knowledgeable historian, and Xiao Xu said that he wrote it, which should be well-founded. Some later generations thought that Truffles were all written by a surname, while others thought that only □ was written by a surname.

There is an article □ Gong Zai, which Zhu's Biography of Poetry thinks is written and is not credible. Some people think that this article is a work of thinking according to the words in the poem "The new temple is in full bloom, but it is made by thinking". The famous fisherman Zeus is Lu's son. There are records about him in Zuo Zhuan Gong Min Two Years, and his deeds are also very simple. Some people think that "the new temple is in full bloom, which was made by Sri Lanka" means that Sri Lanka supervised the construction of the new temple, and he was a "supervisor" rather than praising it. In truffles, only one can roughly determine the author, and the other three may have been written by other historians.

Ode to Shang was originally 12, and there were only five poems in the Book of Songs. When the other seven people disappeared is unknown. The old saying that Confucius had died before and was deleted by Confucius is all speculation. The first article in Ode to Shang is that, and the preface says, "Sacrifice into soup. As for Dai Gong, Wei Zi's ceremony was ruined, and those who passed the exam got 12 Shang Fu poems, led by Na. " "Guoyu Luyu" contains the words of Ma Min's father: "I judge the names of my father (and Fu Zitong) and eulogize twelve Taishi poems written by Zhou Zhi, headed by" Na "." Justice in Shi Mao explains this passage, arguing that the school is to correct mistakes, while the five articles in Ode to Shang Dynasty were originally works of Shang Dynasty. When Dai Gong was in Song Dynasty, he just wanted to correct his mistakes through Zhou Taishi (Song Daigong is a surname of Zhou Xuanwang, Zhou Taishi and Xuan Wang Taishi). However, Shi said that when he was a doctor, in order to praise his father, he recalled Qi, Tang and Yin and wrote Ode to Shang. Pei's Historical Records also quoted the poetic theory of Hanshu, and thought that all five poems of Ode to Shang were written by the father of Chinese people, which was different from Guoyu by more than 200 years. In the Qing Dynasty, Yao Jiheng's General Theory of the Book of Songs and the theory of Guoyu, while Fang Yurun's Original Poetry agreed with Yao's theory of the Book of Songs. Wang Guowei, a modern scholar, thinks that it was written by Zheng Kao's father for praise, but the so-called Shang Fu is actually (Shang Fu in Guan Lin).

3. Odes are mainly music songs used by Zhou Tianzi and princes in sacrificial ceremonies or other important ceremonies. Most of its contents are to publicize the destiny and praise the merits of ancestors. For example, The Dance of Dawu in Song of Zhou is a song and dance music that praises the achievements of Zhou Wenwang, Zhou Wuwang, Duke Zhou and Zhao Gong. Destiny is a poem that emphasizes destiny and praises becoming a king. Pan Shui and The Palace of Truffles are also poems praising American ancestors. The five articles in Ode to Shang are all ancestral temple sacrificial songs, and they are also full of eulogies. There are also some works in Ode that reflect the production of agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery at that time. For example, some sacrificial songs, such as Official Work, West, Good Years, Slaughter, Liang Yi, etc., have specific descriptions of the situation and scale of agricultural production in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The poem □ zai not only praises the prosperity of horse husbandry, but also reflects the development of animal husbandry in Shandong. The word "Qian" in "Song of Zhou" describes all kinds of precious fish sacrificed to the ancestral temple by the king of Zhou, which reflects the fishery production at that time.

In addition, Zhou Song wrote all kinds of ancient musical instruments in his travels, and the long hair and the mysterious bird in Ode to Shang Dynasty preserved the myths and historical facts about Shang Dynasty, which are important materials for studying the history, myths and legends of China.

Fu is full of empty and abstract preaching, lacking in imagery and rhythmic beauty, and rarely using contrast and stimulation. Among them, Zhou Fu is earlier, and its language is elegant and solemn, but it is not fresh and bright, and it is not very regular. However, some poems describing agricultural production, such as Zai Ji and Liang Ji, vividly and concretely describe activities such as farming, harvest, sacrifice and blessing through line drawing, metaphor and exaggeration. His creation was influenced by Feng and Ya's poems. For example, Dishui and Gong are very elegant in style, while □ and You □ are repeated chanting, and their verve is very similar to Feng. As Kong Ying Da's "Justice in Shi Mao" said: "Although it is called ode, it is actually a divine comedy, so there are chapters and sentences." Ode to Shang may also be due to its late age, long length, concise words, concrete narrative and harmonious rhythm. Among them, "Na", "Ancestor" and "Xuanniao" are two sentences, with no chapter, and the structure is similar to that of Zhou Song. "Long Hair" and "Yanwu" are long in length, divided into chapters and elegant in style.