What are the official positions and specific functions of the chief judge and transshipment ambassador in the Northern Song Dynasty?

1. Transhipment ambassador: In Song Taizong, there are various transhipment ambassadors, which are called land and water transhipment ambassadors in some states, and their official positions are called transhipment ambassadors, commonly known as Cao Si.

In addition to mastering one or more ways to get rich, transshipment agents are also responsible for inspecting local officials, maintaining public order, counting prisons, and recommending talents and abilities. Before four years in Jingdezhen, Song Zhenzong (1007), he was transferred to expand his position, and he actually became the chief executive along the way.

Since then, institutions such as imprisonment department and pacification department have been set up one after another to divide the transshipment ambassadors. If you are an official in two provinces with more than five products, or you need to receive several forms of wealth, it is called "all transshipment ambassadors". Ambassadors for transshipment with the army are set according to the situation.

2. Pass judgment: In the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the military commanders in the buffer region were authoritarian, and the world was in chaos, and centralization was never consolidated.

In the early Song Dynasty, the ruling clique tried its best to solve this big problem, and the famous "a glass of wine to relieve soldiers" was a wise move to relieve military commanders of their military power. After being relieved of military power, military commanders often patrol and guard counties as courtiers, and the official name is "the right to know the military and political affairs." "Yes" means temporary, which means you can stop at any time. We should also pay attention to correcting the disadvantages of father's death and son's inheritance from the name.

At the same time, in order to prevent state and county officials from losing their posts, a chief judge was appointed as a deputy in the state and county to handle political affairs and state affairs with Quan Zhijun. Their duties are: "whether the military and civilians, money valley, household registration, tax service and prison litigation can be decided and signed with the guards."

Ordinary judges also have a duty: "If the officials in the Ministry are good or not, they will criticize them if their posts are abolished."

In the Southern Song Dynasty, the general judge could directly report to the emperor all the officials in the county, including the county magistrate and the county magistrate, which shows that the general judge has the nature of supervision. However, in Zhili Prefecture, the general grades are mostly from Grade 5 and Grade 6, while in Sanzhou, the general grades are mostly from Grade 7 and Grade 8. In Zhili area, Zhijunzheng belongs to the third and fourth grades, while in Sanzhou, Zhijunzheng belongs to the sixth and seventh grades.

There is a certain difference with the power level, which also means the harmony between size and size.

From this point of view, the position of general is not only the deputy of state and county officials, but also plays a dual supervisory role in the Han Dynasty.

With this post, the relationship between the central government and counties, that is, the arm of the heart and the hand of the arm, can be commanded freely. In this way, it can not only completely solve the problem of military personnel who became independent kingdoms in the five dynasties, but also help to monitor corruption. Tian Lanfang's Epitaph of Yuan Gong (Yuan Shu, the son of Yuan Keli) who participated in politics in the Ming Dynasty in Qing Dynasty: "Zi San: Fu Cheng, a native of Chuxiong Prefecture, Yunnan Province, was sentenced and appointed."

Extended data:

The main feature of the political system in Song Dynasty is to strengthen centralization. In the official system, centralization, separation of powers among officials, emphasizing "governance" over "military" (officials). The official system in Song Dynasty was bounded by Yuanfeng reform, which was a stage before and after the reform, and another stage in Southern Song Dynasty.

In Song Dynasty, there were three ministries: politics, army and finance, and the power of the prime minister was divided equally among the envoys of Tang Dynasty and the three ministries. The powers of the prime minister, the Tang dynasty envoy and the three emissaries are equal, but not unified. The central official system is the axis of centralization. The separation of official titles and real posts made a large number of officials inside and outside the court idle, and there were many changes in three provinces and six departments. The person who holds the highest administrative power is the "ruler".

The centralization of absolutism in Song Dynasty reached an unprecedented level, which basically eliminated all kinds of factors that caused feudal separatism and threatened imperial power. In order to prevent the autocratic dictatorship of civil servants, military commanders, empress dowager, consorts, imperial clan and eunuchs, the Song court formulated a set of centralized political power, military power, financial power and judicial power. It can be said that the strengthening of autocratic centralization gradually developed from the Song Dynasty.

Official and position:

The central official system is the axis of centralization. Since Zhao Kuangyin established the Song Dynasty, the central official system has been adjusting. Its characteristic is to weaken the power of officials at all levels by setting up official positions and dividing their powers. In this way, some officials are only in name, and the so-called "officials" are just getting paid.

This kind of officer has two situations:

First, in the process of unifying the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms by Song Taizu and Emperor Taizong, a large number of old officials from various countries were retained, so that they could keep their official positions and receive their salaries, but they had no real power (only some actual positions were arranged for those who were considered reliable);

Second, for the imperial clan, consorts and elders, only senior officials are granted, and their salaries are increased, but no real posts are granted. These measures were institutionalized when they reached the true Sect. According to this system, ordinary officials have two titles: "official position" and "dispatch", and some officials also have the title of "post". "Official" only means that you can get paid and the post has actual power.

It is common for organs to contain each other, "it is not their official." For example, left and right servants shoot, six ministers, assistant ministers, doctors, practitioners, foreign ministers, ministers, and so on. After becoming an official name, it loses its original meaning and no longer holds the position corresponding to the official name.

These official names are only used as the basis for grading, salary, clothing and order, so they are called official or local officials, also known as rank officials or guard officials. Among them are differences in literary resources and ranks. Dispatch refers to the position actually held by officials, also known as "career officials".

The names of dispatchers often include words such as judging, knowing, having power, being straightforward, trying, checking, mentioning, mentioning points, signing books and supervising. For example, magistrate of a county, participate in politics, know patents, keep secret cabinets, judge ancestors, and mention some prison affairs. There are some messengers who don't carry these words, such as county magistrate and appeasement envoy.

The official rank is promoted according to seniority, and even if you don't serve as a dispatch officer, you can get a salary according to the rank, and the dispatch officer is transferred and promoted according to the needs of the court and the ability of the official. Therefore, it is not the rank that really determines the real power, but the dispatch.

As for "post", it generally refers to the official positions in the three museums (Zhao Wen Museum, History Museum, Jixian Academy) and secret pavilions, such as university, bachelor, waiting system, etc., which are lofty titles granted to higher-level civil servants, but they are not really in charge.

After the official system reform in the third year of Song Shenzong Yuanfeng (AD 1080), the treasury post was abolished and a secretary was set up, which was called the treasury post from the secretary to the author. Other civil servants also hold the post of library. Chen Wu gave up the house with Xuanzang's cupboard door, which is called "posting".

Baidu Encyclopedia: Official System in Song Dynasty