The most comprehensive analysis of "man, machine, material, law and environment"

Person: refers to the person who manufactures products;

Machine: refers to the equipment used to manufacture products;

Material: refers to the raw materials used to manufacture products;

Method: refers to the method used to manufacture products;

Environment: refers to the environment in which products are manufactured.

In the theory of five elements, man is in the central position and the driving position. Just like a running car, the four wheels of the car are machine, material, law and environment, and the driver is the main element. Without a driver, the car can only stand still and become a waste.

If a factory has good machines, materials and methods of processing products, and the surrounding environment is suitable for production, but this factory has no employees, it is still impossible to produce.

Human body analysis:

Skills problem?

Does the system affect people's work?

Is it a question of selecting people?

Is it not enough training?

Is it a skill mismatch?

Are you interested in the company?

Is there someone in charge?

People can operate machines? Do people adapt to the environment? Do people know the method? Does anyone know the material?

Machine analysis:

Refers to the auxiliary production equipment such as equipment and tools used in production. In production, the normal operation of equipment and the quality of tools are another factor that affects the production schedule and product quality.

Is the choice correct?

Maintenance problem?

Does it match the machine?

The man who makes machines, right? Is the operation method of the machine correct? Does the machine adapt to the environment?

The management of mechanical equipment is divided into three aspects, namely, use, inspection and maintenance. Use is to train operators according to the performance and operation requirements of mechanical equipment, so that they can correctly operate and use the equipment for production, which is the most basic content of equipment management.

Spot check refers to confirming the status and performance of equipment according to certain standards before and after use, so as to find the abnormality of equipment as soon as possible and prevent the unexpected use of equipment, which is the key to equipment management.

Maintenance refers to the maintenance, cleaning and oiling of equipment at regular intervals according to its characteristics, which is an important part of equipment management to prevent the deterioration of equipment and prolong its service life.

Material analysis:

Is it true?/You don't say.

The model, right?

Is there a shelf life?

Has the factory been inspected?

Is it used according to the instructions?

Does the material adapt to the environment? Does this material match the machine? Will materials and other materials not affect each other?

Legal analysis:

Did you act according to the law?

You got it?

Is that clear?

Is the method appropriate?

Is there a law?

Is the method given to the corresponding person? Is this method effective in this environment?

Analysis of rings:

Has the environment on the time axis changed?

Have you considered light, temperature, humidity, altitude and pollution?

Is the environment safe?

Is the environment artificial? Can small environment and big bad environment coexist?

Workplace environment. Refers to the placement of various products and raw materials, and the arrangement of tools, equipment and personal 5S.

Control of dangerous goods. One is the accumulation of chemicals, such as alcohol and natural water. The second is the control of six chemicals (lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent complexes, polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers) in the production process.

Production environment. Refers to the control of temperature, humidity and dust-free degree according to production conditions in the specific production process.

Level of problem:

Preliminary characterization of man-machine material method ring

Look for secondary reasons after preliminary characterization

The secondary cause can still be analyzed by the method of man-machine material ring.

After the secondary cause identification, it still needs to be identified for three times, that is, to find the cause of the secondary qualitative result, and the analysis method of man-machine method is still applicable.

Actually, just asking a few more questions.

For example:

Oil was found on the ground

It is defined as the "machine" problem in the method ring of man-machine materials.

Is it because of the improper operation of "people" that the machine has a problem? "French" operation standard has not been established? Does the "ring" environment have an impact? None of them are ruled out, but the "machine" itself is a counterfeit product.

The reason for the fake "machine" is that there is something wrong with the "person" bought.

Why do people have problems?

Is it an unsupervised "law"?

Quality control technology of corrective measures

System diagram method of measures formulation

Comprehensive characteristic factors (cycle of man-machine material method)+system diagram method

What is indispensable in every means is the person in charge, the method and when to achieve what effect.

Thoughts on the management of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in China.

1. Lack of corporate culture-problems in management concepts

Among the small and medium-sized enterprises in China, few enterprises have their own culture, and even if they do, they were formulated when the system was formulated, and they were not really implemented. Then the author compares my corporate culture in private enterprises and Japanese-funded enterprises:

Then let's take a look at the corporate behavior planning of domestic small enterprises on corporate culture, including the extension of corporate culture. ?

In China, basically no enterprises pay attention to corporate culture.

For enterprise behavior, the enterprise has no clear expression.

The following is an analysis of the enterprise management system:

A. the strongest idea:

Enterprise example

President's policy: build a trustworthy xxx

Our goal is excellent technology and an enterprise that wins the highest evaluation and trust from customers in quality.

We will continue to cover to achieve all quality improvements, and we will continue to improve to achieve all quality improvements.

We abide by laws and regulations most, and aim at enterprises that contribute to society.

We have the spirit of challenge and aim at the sustainable development of enterprises.

B. perfect rules and regulations-all rules and regulations stipulate how employees do it.

1. System bottleneck

This part can be seen from your entry into the company. The general manager of the company wants ordinary employees to wear the agreed clothes. Doesn't mean you don't have to wear factory clothes because you are the leader. The system is treated equally. Thus, foreign-funded enterprises will have a complete model. Japanese companies generally have a management model, and what to do at a certain stage is very clear. The working mode of the whole company is basically step by step. Every newcomer comes to a Japanese company, and the company will have special training. He will tell you what to do and how to use it. Even if you fill out the form, there will be someone who will take you to teach you. However, the company will also have a strict management model. This very strict management system and hierarchy will make it difficult for people unfamiliar with Japanese culture to feel comfortable. Taiwan-funded enterprises will also have strict systems to restrict them. Although the enterprise system in Europe and America is relatively loose, employees in European and American enterprises need to be on guard against the danger of being fired at any time.

In China, with the increasing number of employees and departments in manufacturing enterprises, the bosses of enterprises will become busier and busier. At this time, it is necessary to have working standards, systems and processes. If an enterprise does not have a complete system, even if you recruit managers, you will leave because of the imperfect enterprise system.

2. System execution

Why are you writing this? Because some small and medium-sized enterprises in China will have a system. Last year, I went to a private company in Changzhou to do an audit. At that time, I was looking at the information and found that his system was very complete and had everything. Very thin. But looking at the actual situation, the system has not been implemented at all. At that time, their general manager complained to me that the system was difficult to implement, there were too many relatives in the factory and the quality of employees was poor. In fact, for the implementation of the system, I think our enterprises should learn from the advantages of Japanese enterprises-unconditional implementation.

Actually, everyone has a system. Let me give you an example:

A small state-owned enterprise in Suzhou went bankrupt because of poor management. Later, it established a joint venture with a Japanese company. The Japanese side managed the factory, and the Japanese side made appropriate changes to the system. The welfare of employees is better than before, and then the system is required to be implemented unconditionally. As a result, in less than half a year, the enterprise benefits gradually improved, and the enterprise turned losses into profits in one year.

In fact, execution is related to interpersonal relationships, that is, people follow the public heart. I still remember that when the state issued shares, the people did not accept them, and gradually used various methods to gradually let the public accept the shares. This is actually working from the heart of the public. Therefore, the executive power of enterprises can also be cultivated. If all employees have good execution, even if some employees are not satisfied, their execution will be good. This is just like the state issuing stocks and treasury bonds, which are guaranteed by the country's credit and development expectations. Therefore, enterprises should give employees a good credit guarantee instead of changing their words and deeds. Coupled with good business development expectations. Through training, the execution of enterprises will be high, even temporary difficulties can be easily overcome.

Second, the misunderstanding of production control-the problem of management concept

1. Producer, machine, material, method and ring (direct unit)

For enterprises in China, products are of course produced according to customers' requirements, but you can see that they have great problems in the control of standards by direct and indirect production units: standards are not subdivided and strictly enforced-it can be said that the direct units that produce products are people, machines, materials, methods and environment.

human

When it comes to people, we can't help but mention welfare benefits.

Regarding the treatment: Europe and America are more generous, Japan is more general, and China does not mention it.

Enterprise welfare is mainly composed of salary, training and vacation system. In these four aspects:

A. Wages

In terms of salary, generally speaking, the salary given by European and American companies is relatively high, because what he wants is the best talent, and he is very strict with people's education and experience.

Japanese-funded enterprises give moderate wages, because in Japanese-funded enterprises, he requires employees to be stable and experienced.

Small and medium-sized enterprises in China have the lowest wages and so on. Look at the face of the business owner or boss's relatives.

B. Cultivation

In the training of employees, European and American companies are obviously more generous. According to the survey, the training of managers, professionals and ordinary employees in European and American enterprises is mostly external training. Japanese enterprises combine external training with internal training. Generally speaking, there are more internal training than external training.

For China enterprises, this part is basically internal.

C. Leave system

In the setting of vacation system, Japanese enterprises pay more attention to the qualifications of employees in their corporate culture. The longer they serve the company, they will get enough vacation time in any position. Generally speaking, European and American companies and Japanese companies will give you a rest holiday in accordance with national regulations. Some domestic enterprises still work six days, some say they work overtime, and the overtime pay is 2-4 yuan/hour. It seems that many enterprises in China do not regard China people as human beings. In the vacation system, foreign capital such as Europe and the United States is more humane.

D. in other respects, housing welfare should be regarded as a big head.

There is little difference between Japanese enterprises and European and American enterprises, and Japanese enterprises are more prominent in the setting of some projects. Generally, foreign capital such as Europe and America will pay housing provident fund to employees, and some will add a housing subsidy to the housing provident fund. For domestic small enterprises, this is a big gap, and some enterprises don't even give employees old-age insurance.

Therefore, an enterprise person is the first responsible person of the product, and stable and skilled personnel play a vital role in the stability of the product. There is another point that is essential here: the turnover rate. As for the turnover rate, Japanese companies have more stable jobs, followed by European and American companies. Because although the income of Japanese enterprises is not as good as that of European and American enterprises, the advantage of Japanese-funded enterprises lies in their stable work and low requirements for employees. As long as they don't make too many mistakes, Japanese companies won't easily fire their employees, while in European and American companies, employees need to be on guard against the danger of being fired at any time. Therefore, for small and medium-sized enterprises in China, it is necessary to strengthen the management of their own human resources and reduce unnecessary brain drain. Achieve product stability.

Machine-

Production capacity, equipment maintenance, spare parts, etc

When the company receives an order, it will evaluate the order and decide which machine is the best and most economical. Including the purchase of mechanical spare parts, daily maintenance, etc.

In this regard, foreign companies in Europe and America will have specialized project personnel and specialized enterprise cost control personnel to conduct accounting, so as to do the biggest thing with the least money.

For the purchase of machinery, foreign companies such as Europe and America will invest a lot of money. But they are also very strict about the follow-up maintenance, and some wearing parts will be done in strict accordance with the requirements.

For domestic small and medium-sized enterprises, they sometimes buy some particularly advanced machinery, but for the follow-up maintenance, the management of wearing parts lags far behind that of foreign companies.

Materials-

Materials that constitute the material part of the product should use qualified or processed raw materials that can meet the requirements of the product, so as to avoid unqualified products due to raw material problems. In the manufacturing industry, the cost of raw materials accounts for a large proportion of the total cost, generally above 60%, as high as 90%, which is the main object of cost control. The factors that affect the cost of raw materials are procurement, inventory, production consumption, recycling, quality control and so on. In order to control the cost of raw materials, they generally choose stable suppliers. In Japan, large companies like Toyota have established unique long-term cooperative relations with their subordinate contracting enterprises and formed their own enterprise groups with some large companies. Whether the material is controlled or not plays a great decisive role in product quality.

In this regard, European and American enterprises will have specialized personnel in charge of raw materials. In purchasing, there are special purchasing and special engineers and inspectors to control the quality, so as to reduce the occurrence of defective rate, or send people to the factory to solve the defective rate of materials in the production process.

For the small and medium-sized enterprises in China in recent years, we can see that in terms of material control, it is increasingly felt that small and medium-sized enterprises are maturing, and there has never been a dedicated person to manage material procurement.

law

Methods, constitute the technical components of the product, reasonable technology will reduce the cost of the product and improve the qualified rate. It can be said that a reasonable process combined with a correct production operation process constitutes a qualified product. Simply put, it can be divided into: operation guidance method, inspection guidance method, machine operation method and so on.

Operation guidance method:

The work instruction is used to guide the field production or management work, and its structure and form depend entirely on the nature and complexity of the work. When writing work instructions, you should treat employees as idiots, so you should write them step by step and simplify them. As for the work instruction, it is the most popular and easy to understand in Japan, and the process is simple, and it is placed where employees can see it.

For example, in Japanese-funded enterprises, it is seen that in die casting machines (that is, die casting bushings in bearings), operators often leak bushings, resulting in defective products. In view of this situation, they made a set of electronic balance next to die casting, and the operators produced good products and directly flowed into the electronic balance. In this way, the occurrence of defective products is avoided. Of course, the cost is higher, but in the long run, people will make more mistakes than machines.

In fact, many foreign-funded factories now have assembly lines, because the probability of unintentional mistakes is much greater than that of machines. In China, because of the cheap labor, many small and medium-sized enterprises will consider the short-term costs of their enterprises, resulting in many problems in their products. Many enterprises in our country think that work instructions are useless, time-consuming and laborious, and hinder people's hands and feet. Some people think that I have been engaged in this job for many years, and I can recite the work steps, even with my eyes closed. In fact, if I make a mistake, the work instruction can be said to know the work behavior. Even if there is a good method, I have to practice it before I can change the work instruction.

Inspection guidance method

Due to the different characteristics and nature of specific operations in the process of product formation, the form and content of inspection instructions are also different, including inspection instructions for incoming inspection and inspection instructions for process (process) inspection; Delivery inspection instructions, etc.

The most important thing in the inspection instruction is the production of inspection tools: the probability of machine error mentioned above is smaller than that of human error. Faithfully execute the sequence of actions: it can reduce redundant actions and achieve unity. In Japanese companies, almost all measurements will be replaced by a very simple and intuitive tool. Actually, the reason is simple: employees are easy to accept. Control product defects and realize zero defects.

For inspection instructions, it is the simplest method to control the occurrence of defective products and achieve the qualification rate of 100%.

Machine operation method

For the machine operation method, foreign companies generally have special personnel to operate the machine, which reduces the chance of machine damage. Achieve the maximum utilization of the machine. For domestic small and medium-sized enterprises, this is not perfect at present, and some enterprises have no machine operation method at all.

Ring—

1. The production environment can also be understood as 5S.

It can be said that the production environment of the factory can affect the production efficiency of the operator. Think about the unsupervised area near the operator's workbench, and all the tools are misplaced. What are the consequences of this? Of course, the production efficiency drops, resulting in poor product production. In this respect, for Japan, Japan is the originator of 5S development, and European and American enterprises attach great importance to 5S at present. The worst of 5S is domestic small and medium-sized enterprises. In their view, this has nothing to do with production.

As can be seen from the above. There is still a big gap between enterprise products and foreign companies in terms of control.

2. Auxiliary tools are also important (indirect unit)

For enterprises, product production AIDS can be divided into: auxiliary equipment and auxiliary materials.

Auxiliary materials:

Whether it belongs to raw materials or indirect costs depends on the use of auxiliary materials. If it is used in production, it can be used as raw materials if it can be charged at the cost of a product. If it is collected by other departments, it is lost and cannot be collected on a product, then it can be used as an indirect cost. For example, there must be a lot of auxiliary materials to run a real estate license, and none of them can't. In fact, the reason is very clear, that is to say, in the process of product production, none of these can be less.

Auxiliary equipment:

Auxiliary equipment used in production, including accessories and so on. In our country, some enterprises often stop working because of lack of spare parts.

For the vast number of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in China, how to get out of the strange circle of small, weak and short enterprises? It can be said that we should learn from foreign advanced enterprises and their advanced manufacturing experience. I believe that one day we will hear that the XX manufacturing model was put forward by XX enterprises in China.

Copyright statement: Xiongxiong respects copyright and thanks every author for his hard work; Such as articles, videos, pictures, etc. If copyright is involved, please contact us as soon as possible, and we will confirm the copyright according to the provided proof materials and delete it immediately!