Transformation and utilization of non-historical protective old buildings?

Non-historical protective old buildings are concepts corresponding to historical protective old buildings. Historical protective old buildings refer to old buildings protected by indicators, such as the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, Suzhou Ming and Qing private gardens and other famous old buildings. Its value lies in the spiritual and cultural functions such as research and appreciation. These functions do not need to change the original state of the building, but should be preserved honestly and completely. There are many such ancient buildings in our country, which have lost their original material functions, but it is very appropriate to keep them intact as a witness of history. The old buildings referred to in this paper are not the above buildings, but ordinary old buildings. They are not protected, but they are still in a safe use period, but they are not in line with the functions of modern buildings. They are an ordinary old building between historical protection value and no reuse value. The manifestations of this general old building are: abandoned industrial workshops (many architects like to rebuild because of their large spatial span), abandoned docks and railway stations, dilapidated private residential areas and so on. Their fate is either dismantled or transformed. Would you choose to simply tear it down? Or choose to keep them, transform their functions after transformation, and reuse them? Obviously, the latter is a relatively scientific approach, which is conducive to continuing the urban context and enhancing the sense of closeness of the city; It is conducive to our city to retain traces of history and exude quaint charm. In Europe, there are many successful examples of transforming abandoned industrial areas. In these industrialized countries, many factories and sites in the industrialized era have lost their original production functions, and large industrial zones are facing transformation and revitalization after bidding farewell to their former glory. Ruhr-gebiet, the largest traditional heavy industrial zone in Europe, has experienced such ups and downs and regeneration. The Germans did not take the rust removal action of demolition and construction, but kept a large industrial base here. They turned this declining industrial area into a place with infinite charm for creative industries, leisure and artistic activities, and gave the industrial abandoned area new cultural functions. The old facilities and equipment for producing crude steel half a century ago were reserved for people to visit, forming a completely open public leisure area; An abandoned gas storage tank was transformed into a diving training base through structural reinforcement; Huge cement structures were originally used to store coking coal for steelmaking, but now these towering and steep cement walls have been transformed into rock climbing training grounds; There are also many old factories rented to filmmakers as movie scenes; The bathroom in the mining area can accommodate hundreds of people to take a bath at the same time, and it has been preserved and transformed into a dance center ... The overall transformation and development of the industrial heritage site in Ruhr-gebiet, Germany, magically transformed this dilapidated large-scale industrial zone into a modern living space with a brand-new concept, setting an outstanding example for all countries in the world and providing valuable successful experience. China people's habitual way of thinking is to build a new one. Now China is tearing down old buildings and building new projects at the fastest speed in the world. The former director of Columbia Architecture Institute who participated in the first Beijing Architecture Biennale in 2004 said: The city of China has expanded rapidly for 20 years, almost completing the architectural history of Europe in the past 100 years, which is not only an opportunity for development, but also a challenge for how to deal with old buildings. What makes people feel a little gratified is that while Daxing is building a series of new architectural elements such as central business district, high-tech development zone, convention center and science park, the old voices and forces are constantly multiplying and growing. In recent years, the renovation and reuse of old buildings has become an increasingly important topic in the field of architecture. Old buildings have been redefined, given new contents and generated new values, and many excellent works have been recognized and liked. Judging from the current domestic situation, Shanghai should be at the forefront of this trend of thought, and other cities such as Beijing and Shenzhen also have successful examples. Taking Shanghai, Beijing and Shenzhen as examples, this paper introduces some successful cases of old building renovation and reuse. Shanghai is the city with the richest achievements in the renovation of old buildings. Suzhou Creek, Xintiandi, Shanghai Bund No.3 and 18 have gradually become fashionable areas that everyone talks about. The transformation and success of Shanghai's new world is obvious to all, and it has become a fashion for a time. Before the development of Xintiandi project, the area was originally a Shikumen Hutong building with a history of nearly a hundred years. The transformation of Xintiandi has changed the original living function of Shikumen, creatively endowed it with business management function, and transformed this old house, which embodies Shanghai's history and culture, into a fashion, leisure, cultural and entertainment center integrating international functions such as catering, shopping and performing arts. (Photo 1) The exterior of the Shikumen complex in Xintiandi retains the brick walls and tiles of that year, while the interior of each building is tailored according to the lifestyle, rhythm and emotional world of modern urbanites in the 20th century, which all reflects the atmosphere of modern leisure life. Walking in a new world is like going back to the past, just like being in Shanghai in the 1920s and 1930s, but stepping into every building is very modern and fashionable. The success of Xintiandi transformation has also set off an upsurge of old building transformation in the whole country. The old industrial buildings along the Suzhou Creek have also escaped the fate of being eradicated and revived here. Deng was the first person to rebuild the old industrial buildings in Shanghai. 1998, he selected an old warehouse of 2000m2 located at Suzhou South Road 1305 and transformed it into his own studio (Figure 2). In the decoration, Deng kept the original appearance of the warehouse as much as possible: the floor and columns showed rough wood grain, and the old white ash on the wall could not cover the cracks in the brick joints. The main work of the renovation is only to remove garbage and clean the environment, and replace the ventilated small shutters with translucent floor-to-ceiling windows. However, the transformed studio looks quaint and avant-garde. With the arrival of Deng, a group of nostalgic artists came to Suzhou Creek, rented large and small warehouses and set up their own studios. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 100 studios of painters, architects, designers, advertisers and video artists on both sides of Suzhou Creek, and more than 1000 artists have gathered. Thanks to the efforts of a group of influential cultural figures such as Deng and others, it has become a vibrant cultural exchange center. In the practice of rebuilding old buildings in Beijing, the most representative is the 798 Art District. 798 Art District is located in Dashanzi District, Chaoyang District, northeast of Beijing. It is the former site of the former state-owned 798 factory and other electronic industries. In 1960s, it was a key industrial project aided by the Soviet Union and designed and built by East Germany, which witnessed the industrialization process of New China. (Figure 3) Part of the 798 factory building adopts cast-in-place concrete arch structure, which is a typical Bauhaus style building and is rare in Asia. Since 2002, with the movement of a group of artists and cultural institutions, and the large-scale rental and renovation of vacant factories, an art community integrating art centers, galleries, artists' studios, design companies, advertising companies and bars has gradually formed, with frequent artistic and commercial activities such as painting exhibitions, photo exhibitions, experimental dramas, concerts and fashion shows. There is also an interesting scene in the 798 Art District. Because the factories here have not moved, you often see factories on the left side of the road, greasy workers are busy producing, and galleries on the right side of the road, which forms a huge contrast and is very harmonious. As the center of China's contemporary art, 798 Art District has become an ideal place to observe China's contemporary art at close range. It has been called Beijing SOHO by The New York Times and other foreign media, and has become a window for the world to understand Beijing's contemporary cultural phenomena. In Shenzhen, the youngest big city in China, there are also successful cases of transformation. A fabricated factory building built in the 1980s was transformed into OCT Contemporary Art Center under He Xiangning Art Museum. (Figure 4) With the fading of industrial color, this prefabricated factory building is gradually being left idle. The architectural value of this old factory building lies in its simplicity. In the post-industrial era, it will be demolished and buried at any time. Based on the judgment of the historical value of this area, in order to maintain the development track, historical memory and sustainable development process of this urban area as an ordinary community, the designer has formulated a development rule completely out of the conventional significance for its future. OCT Contemporary Art Center came into being. After redefining and reforming the original industrial workshop, the function has undergone substantial changes and achieved unexpected results. At present, the reconstructed factory building has been endowed with minimalist architectural features in space structure, materials and decoration, which fully combines the purpose and positioning of OCAT. All of the above are successful practices. These old buildings, which may have been demolished, have been recognized and recognized at home and abroad through functional transformation and transformation, and have well satisfied a certain lifestyle of modern people. Many cities in China have such old buildings, which may be about to be demolished or are facing the fate of demolition. We should re-examine these old buildings. After they are redefined, their original value will be reinterpreted and become a valuable place to meet the needs of modern life. It not only realizes the transfer of its economic value, but also embodies the continuation of its cultural value; This is both a respect for history and a responsibility for the future. Of course, how to choose plastic unprotected buildings for renovation, how to integrate new elements into old structures and materials, creatively reflect the special aesthetic feeling of the contrast between the old and the new, and how to successfully transform the use function of old buildings to meet the needs of modern life is still a huge topic. This is also the direction we can study in the future.

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