What are the branches of Surveying and Mapping?

geodesy

Theories and methods to study and determine the shape and size of the earth, the gravity field of the earth and the geometric position of ground points. Geodesy is the theoretical basis of surveying and mapping disciplines. Its basic task is to establish ground control network and gravity network, accurately determine the three-dimensional position of control points, provide control basis for topographic map, provide basis for various engineering construction, and provide information for studying the shape, size, gravity field and its changes, crustal deformation and earthquake prediction of the earth. Ordinary measurement

The theory and method of local area control survey and topographic mapping of the earth's surface are studied. Local area means that when surveying and mapping in this area, the curvature of the earth can be ignored and treated as a plane without affecting the accuracy of surveying and mapping. Photogrammetry

This paper studies the theory and method of using camera or other sensors to collect the image information of the measured object, and after processing and analysis, determine the shape, size and position of the measured object and judge its properties. According to the distance, it can be divided into: aerial photogrammetry, aerial photogrammetry, ground photogrammetry, close-range photogrammetry and microscopic photogrammetry; According to different technical processing methods, it can be divided into analog photogrammetry, analytical photogrammetry and digital photogrammetry.

engineering survey

Study the measurement theory, technology and method in the design, construction and management stages of engineering construction. Provide accurate survey data and large-scale maps for engineering construction, and ensure reasonable site selection, design construction and effective management. In the operation stage of the project, deformation observation and settlement monitoring are carried out to ensure the normal operation of the project. According to the research object, it can be divided into: architectural engineering survey, hydraulic engineering survey, mine engineering survey, railway engineering survey, highway engineering survey, transmission line and oil pipeline survey, bridge engineering survey, tunnel engineering survey, military engineering survey and so on. Marine geodesy and mapping

Taking marine water bodies and seabed as objects, it is a discipline that studies the geographical distribution of natural and social confidence, such as marine conditions, determination of marine geoid and average sea surface, seabed and sea surface topography, marine gravity, marine magnetism and marine environment. , as well as the theoretical hunger technology of compiling various charts. It provides guarantee for ship navigation safety and marine engineering construction. graphics

Study the theory and method of map and its compilation.

There are many branches, so I won't list them one by one.