I'm going to take the college entrance examination (Jiangsu college entrance examination still has 10 days). I am anxious to ask the geography of the difficulty of Jiangsu college entrance examination

I'm going to take the college entrance examination (Jiangsu college entrance examination still has 10 days). I am anxious to ask the geography of the difficulty of Jiangsu college entrance examination! ! I am very grateful! A natural zone of low latitude on land.

① Tropical rain forest belt

It is distributed in humid continental areas and islands in equatorial belt, such as Amazon Plain, Congo Basin and islands in Southeast Asia. The climate in this belt belongs to the equatorial rainy type, with high temperature all the year round, and the monthly average temperature is above 25℃; There is abundant precipitation, with an annual precipitation of about 2000 mm, and the overall environment is excessively humid, which is suitable for the growth of tropical rainforests. There are many kinds of trees in this forest, the trees are tall and dense, the canopy is arranged in layers, the vines in the forest are criss-crossed, and epiphytes can be seen everywhere. Animals in the forest are active among birds and apes. Tropical latosol develops on the weathering crust under the forest.

② Tropical savanna belt

Located on both sides of the tropical rain forest belt, it is widely distributed in Africa and South America, but not widely distributed in the corresponding areas of Australia, Central America and Asia. The climate in this zone belongs to the tropical dry and wet season type, and the biggest feature is that there are more than four months of dry season in a year. The savanna, also known as Savannah Colony, is mainly composed of tall grass. In herbaceous vegetation, patches of trees or single trees are scattered sporadically, such as Bobabu trees in Africa and spindle trees in South America. They have a xerophytic structure and can store a lot of water. The seasonal change of savanna is very obvious, with lush vegetation in rainy season and yellowish brown scenery in dry season. Herbivores who are good at galloping are well developed here, and carnivores are also very rich, including zebras, giraffes, rhinoceroses, antelopes, lions and leopards. Dense herbaceous plants cause the development of grass growth process, because humus, nitrogen and ash nutrients accumulate in this soil, forming reddish-brown soil.

③ Tropical desert belt

This zone is located on the leeward side of subtropical high and trade winds, and it is more obvious in the Sahara of North Africa, Arabian Peninsula of Southwest Asia, Southwest North America, Midwest Australia, South Africa and parts of South America. The climate belongs to tropical arid and semi-arid type, with dry and little rain all the year round, poor vegetation and no vegetation in a large area. Plants are mainly sparse xerophytes and a few herbs, as well as some short-lived plants that grow after rain. The species and quantity of animals are few, and the soil-forming process is very weak, forming desert soil.

Natural zones in mid-latitude land areas

① Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest belt

It is distributed in the western part of the continent between 30 and 40 north latitude, such as the Mediterranean coast, the southwest end of the African continent, the southwest coast of the Australian continent, the coast of California in North America and the central part of Chile in the west of South America. The climate in this area belongs to subtropical climate, and it is dry in summer, mainly forming evergreen hard-leaf forest belts, mainly evergreen shrubs and brown soil.

② Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest belt

It is distributed in the eastern part of the continent between 25 and 35 north latitude, such as the Yangtze River valley in China, southern Japan and southeastern United States, southeastern Australia, southeastern Africa and southeastern South America. The climate belongs to subtropical monsoon climate and subtropical humid climate. The vegetation here is mainly evergreen broad-leaved forest (also known as light-leaved forest), with subtropical yellow soil and red soil.

③ Subtropical zone of desert grassland belt.

This belt is located between tropical desert and subtropical forest belt (including subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest belt and subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest belt) and on the northern edge of tropical desert belt in the northern hemisphere. The southern hemisphere appears in southern Australia and parts of South Africa and South America. The climate belongs to subtropical arid and semi-arid type. With the promotion from tropical desert to high latitude area, the annual precipitation has increased, but the maximum precipitation is often in the low temperature period, and the summer is hot and rainy, which makes this area dry and short of water. Vegetation type belongs to desert grassland, which usually includes xerophytes and gramineous plants, and ephemeral plants in wet season. The soil belongs to semi-desert light brown soil.

④ temperate broad-leaved forest belt

Also known as green broad-leaved forest belt in summer, it is mainly distributed in the east and west of temperate continent (grassland, desert grassland and desert in the middle). The summer green forests in East Asia, including northeast and north China, Japanese archipelago, Korean peninsula, kamchatka peninsula and Sakhalin Island of the Soviet Union, are influenced by temperate monsoon climate, and the broad-leaved trees are richer than those in Europe, including Quercus mongolica, Quercus liaotungensis, Acer mono, Tilia lindleyana, Betula platyphylla and Populus euphratica. Influenced by the temperate maritime climate, the summer green forests in western Europe often form pure forests composed of single tree species, such as beech forests and oak forests. The summer green forests in North America are distributed in the south of the Great Lakes, all the way to the Appalachian Mountains, the Mississippi River Basin and the lowlands along the Atlantic Ocean. The climate here is mainly temperate continental humid, and the vegetation is mainly beech forest composed of American beech and sugar maple. The soils of temperate broad-leaved forest are mainly brown soil, gray brown soil and brown soil. There are fewer species of animals than tropical forests, but there are many individuals, mainly ungulates, birds, rodents and some carnivores.

⑤ temperate desert zone

The belt is mainly distributed in the central Asia-Europe continent, some mountain plateaus in the western North America continent, and the east side of the southern South America continent. The climate belongs to temperate continental drought type. The vegetation here is very poor, only very sparse herbs and individual shrubs; The soil is mainly desert soil.

⑥ temperate grassland belt

From the southern plain of Eastern Europe to the southern plain of Siberia, this is a temperate grassland belt with a wide east-west trend; Due to a series of non-zonal factors, temperate grasslands in central North America and southern South America have changed their east-west distribution patterns. The temperate grassland climate belongs to temperate continental semi-arid type, and the vegetation is mainly Gramineae. The soil is mainly chernozem and chestnut soil; Rodents (such as squirrels and rabbits), ungulates and some carnivores (such as wolves and foxes) are the main animals in temperate grasslands.

Edit the natural zones in high latitudes of this part of the land.

① Subhard coniferous forest belt

It is mainly distributed in the middle and high latitudes of the northern hemisphere continent, about 50 ~ 70 north latitude, such as the northern part of Asia-Europe continent and the northern part of North America continent, and extends in a wide band from east to west. It belongs to the sub-frigid continental climate, with very cold winter and warm and humid summer. Formed a coniferous forest belt composed of conifers such as spruce, silver pine, larch, fir and Siberian pine; Forest calcareous soil development; In the animal kingdom, squirrels, mountain rabbits, foxes, minks, elk, bears, lynxes and other cold-tolerant animals account for the majority.

② tundra zone in frigid zone.

Mainly distributed in Eurasia and the northernmost part of North America, as well as many islands in the Arctic Circle. The climate here is very cold, with long winters and many snowstorms, short summers, insufficient heat, frozen soil and widespread swamps. These environmental conditions are not conducive to the growth of trees, thus forming a forestless tundra dominated by moss and lichen; The soil belongs to glacial swamp soil; The animal kingdom is relatively simple, with few species, such as reindeer, lemmings and arctic foxes. In summer, a large number of birds inhabit the steep coast, forming a "bird market".

(3) Cold zone and ice sheet area

It occupies almost the entire Antarctic continent, most of Greenland and many polar islands. It is covered with snow and ice all year round and the climate is cold all year round. The average temperature in the warmest month is only higher than 0℃ in some areas. Plants are very scarce, and some algae and lichens can only grow on cliffs high in snow and ice. The animal kingdom of the ice sheet belt is also very poor. There are no terrestrial mammals in the Antarctic continent, only seabirds such as penguins are endemic to coastal areas. White bears and white foxes can sometimes be seen on Arctic islands. There are whales and seals in the ice fields of the southern and northern hemispheres.