Collect text or picture information to understand the humiliation that old China suffered and the strength of the motherland today.

List of equality treaties

Treaty of Nanjing, August 1842, Britain

Main contents

1. Cessation of Hong Kong Island to Britain

2. Compensation of 21 million silver dollars

3. Open Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo, and Shanghai as treaty ports

4. Chinese Customs collects import and export fees from British merchants The tariff rate for goods must be negotiated with the British

Impact

1. The beginning of China’s decline into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society

2. The main contradiction is between the landlord class and the peasants Class contradictions,

transformed into contradictions between foreign capitalism and the Chinese nation, feudalism and the masses of the people

3. The contradiction between foreign capitalism and the Chinese nation became the most important Contradiction

4. The Chinese people have since shouldered the dual revolutionary task of opposing foreign capitalist aggression and domestic feudal rule

5. China has entered the period of the old democratic revolution

< p>The Five-port Treaty of Trade and the Treaty of Humen in 1844

Main contents

Grab consular jurisdiction, one-sided most-favored-nation treatment, and lease land and housing detention at treaty ports and other privileges

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The Treaty of Wangxia and the Treaty of Whampoa in 1844 between the United States and France

Main content

Obtaining more rights for aggression

The Treaty of Tianjin in 1858 between Russia and Russia The United States, Britain and France

Main contents

1. Foreign envoys stationed in Beijing

2. Opening of 10 additional commercial ports along the coast and rivers

3 .Foreign warships and merchant ships can navigate through the ports of the Yangtze River

4. Foreigners can travel, trade, and preach in mainland China

5. The Qing government compensates Britain and France with 2 million taels each. Silver, compensate Chang Ying merchants for their loss of 2 million taels of silver

Treaty of Beijing 1860 Russia

Main contents

1. The Qing government recognized the validity of the Treaty of Tianjin

2. Open Tianjin as a commercial port

3. Cut the Kowloon District to the British

4. Increase the compensation to Britain and France to 8 million taels of silver each

The co-influence of the Tianjin Treaty and the Treaty of Beijing

The Qing government began to be controlled by the great powers, and Chinese and foreign reactionary forces openly colluded to suppress the resistance of the Chinese people

The degree of semi-colonial and semi-feudalization in China has deepened

Beijing Treaty of 1860 Russia

By the 1880s, it had invaded and occupied more than 1.5 million square kilometers of northeastern and northwest China. Territory

Treaty of Shimonoseki, Japan in April 1895

Main contents

1. The Liaodong Peninsula, Taiwan and its affiliated islands, and the Penghu Islands were ceded to Japan

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2. Compensate Japan’s military expenditure with 200 million taels of silver

3. Open Shashi, Chongqing, Suzhou, and Hangzhou as commercial ports, and Japanese ships can sail into the above ports along the inland rivers

2. After that, the imperialists scrambled to divide their spheres of influence in China and set off a frenzy to carve up China

3. Forced the Qing government to make large political loans from the great powers

4. The opening of the new trade port case has allowed foreign aggressive forces to further penetrate into mainland China

5. Allowing Japan to invest and set up factories in China has expanded its channels for exporting capital to China and seriously hindered China’s national capital. The development of socialism

6. The degree of semi-colonialization of Chinese society has been greatly deepened

The Xinchou Treaty of September 1901, Britain, the United States, Russia, Japan, France, Germany, Italy and Austria

Main Content

1. The Qing government compensated various countries with 450 million taels of silver, which was to be paid off in 39 years, totaling principal and interest of 980 million taels

2. The compensation was based on China’s tariffs and salt Taxes are used as collateral, and China's tax revenue is controlled by foreign countries to a greater extent

3. Establish an "embassy boundary" in Dongjiaomin Lane, Beijing, during which no Chinese are allowed to live, and troops are stationed everywhere for protection

4. Destroy the forts from Beijing to Dagu, and allow all countries to send troops to garrison strategic locations along the railway line from Beijing to Shanhaiguan

5. Punish the officials who "opposed" the great powers during the Boxer Rebellion, and permanently ban the Chinese people Establish and join various anti-imperialist organizations

6. Change the Prime Minister’s Yamen to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ranking above the six ministries

Influence

Such an embassy community It became an area occupied by the great powers in the Chinese capital

The Qing government completely became a tool for imperialism to rule China and suppress the people

The great powers could strengthen their control over the Qing government through diplomatic channels

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The following is a list of treaties that some Chinese governments or most Chinese people consider to be unequal.

The Sino-Russian-Mongolian Entente (June 7, 1915, the 4th year of the Republic of China, between China and Russia, signed at: Kyaktu, Outer Mongolia)

The Fourth Civil Treaty (II) Article 11) (May 25, the 4th year of the Republic of China (1915), between China and Japan, signing place: Beijing)

Manzhouli Boundary Treaty (December 20, 1911 (the 3rd year of the Xuantong period), China with Russia, signing place: Manzhouli)

Sino-British Renewal of the Tibetan-Indian Treaty (April 27, 1906 (the 32nd year of Guangxu), signing place: Beijing)

Sino-Japanese Conference Agreement on Matters in the Three Eastern Provinces (December 22, 1905 (the 31st year of Guangxu), signing place: Beijing)

Xin Chou Treaty (September 7, 1901 (the 27th year of the Guangxu reign), signing place: Beijing) )

Guangzhou Bay Concession Treaty (Time: November 16, 1899 (the 25th year of Guangxu); Signing Place: Guangzhou Bay; China and France)

Special Lease of Weihaiwei (Time: July 1, 1898 (the 24th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu); Signing place: Beijing; China and the United Kingdom)

Special Article for Expanding the Boundary Site of Hong Kong (Time: June, 1898 (the 24th year of the Emperor Guangxu) 9th; Signing place: Beijing; China and the United Kingdom)

Sino-Russian Land Lease Treaty (March 27, 1898 (Guangxu 24th year), Signing place: Beijing. May 7, 1898 The "Renewal of the Luda Land Lease Treaty" was signed in Petersburg, Russia)

The Sino-German Jiao'ao Concession Treaty (March 6, 1898 (the 24th year of Guangxu), Beijing; China and Germany)

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Sino-Japanese Commerce and Shipping Treaty (signed in Beijing on July 21, 1896 (Guangxu 22nd year))

Sino-Russian Secret Treaty (June 3, 1896 (Guangxu 22nd year)) Moscow)

Treaty of Shimonoseki (April 17, 1895 (Guangxu 21st year), Shimonoseki, and Japan)

Tibetan and Seal Clauses of the Sino-British Conference (1890 (Guangxu 16th year) Year) March 17, Calcutta, India; supplementary revision: December 5, 1893, Darjeeling)

Sino-British Yantai Treaty (Yantai, 1876 (Guangxu 2nd year); China and Britain)

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Sino-Japanese Treaty on Beijing (October 31, 1874 (Tongzhi 13th year))

Sino-Russian Agreement on the Demarcation of the Northwest Boundary (October 7, 1864 (Tongzhi 3rd year) , Tarbachatai)

Sino-German Trade Treaty (September 2, 1861 (11th year of Xianfeng), Tianjin)

Beijing Treaty

China The Treaty of Beijing between Russia (November 14, 1860 (the 10th year of Xianfeng), Beijing)

The Treaty of Beijing between China and France (Beijing, October 25, 1860 (the 10th year of Xianfeng))

Sino-British Treaty of Beijing (October 24, 1860 (10th year of Xianfeng), Beijing)

Treaty of Tianjin

Sino-French Treaty of Tianjin (June, 1858 (8th year of Xianfeng)) 27th, Tianjin)

Sino-British Treaty of Tianjin (June 26, 1858 (Xianfeng 8th year), Tianjin)

Sino-US Treaty of Tianjin (1858 (Xianfeng 8th year)) June 18, Tianjin)

Sino-Russian Treaty of Tianjin (June 13, 1858 (Xianfeng 8th year), Tianjin)

Sino-Russian Aihun Treaty (1858 (Xianfeng 8th year) 8 years) May 28, Aihui)

Shanghai British, French and American Concession Charter (July 5, 1854 (Xianfeng 4th year), Shanghai)

China-Russia Yili Tarbahatai Trade Charter (August 6, 1851 (the first year of Xianfeng), Ili)

Huangpu Treaty (October 24, 1844 (the 24th year of Daoguang), with France, Huangpu)< /p>

The Treaty of Wangxia (July 3, 1844 (the 24th year of Daoguang), with the United States, Wangxia)

The Treaty of Humen (October 8, 1843 (the 23rd year of Daoguang), With the British, Humen)

Treaty of Nanjing (August 29, 1842 (22nd year of Daoguang), with the British, Nanjing)

In 1917, Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire due to the First In World War I, it became an enemy of China and had its unequal treaties abrogated. In 1917, the Soviet Union voluntarily gave up its privileges in China (it was not fully honored afterwards, nor did it return the territory acquired in the treaty). In 1943, the United States and Britain voluntarily gave up their privileges in China. Italy and Japan lost their special status when they became enemies of China in World War II. In 1946, France gave up its privileges in China.

After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, it did not recognize all the unequal treaties signed before? 9.18 is considered by most netizens to be a day of national humiliation!

King You of the Western Zhou Dynasty was dishonest and his palace was washed.

The 300,000-strong army of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty was trapped in Baideng for seven days. Only by bribing the Yan family of Maodun could they escape.

Emperor Huai of the Western Jin Dynasty was captured by the Xiongnu, Emperor Min surrendered, and the Western Jin Dynasty came to an end. The first dynasty to be destroyed by foreigners.

Shi Jingtang was willing to be the "child emperor"

The Song Dynasty was defeated many times by the Jin and Yuan Dynasties

In the Ming Dynasty, Japanese pirates conquered southeastern China. Except for the mainland which was recovered, other islands have been included in Japan's territory to this day.

The Ming Dynasty was destroyed by Hou Jin, "the head is left but not the hair, the hair is not the head".

The various humiliating incidents in modern times make me ashamed to speak out...!

The quality of contemporary Chinese people despises foreigners, so much so that overseas Chinese are ashamed to admit that they are Chinese.

Old Summer Palace Incident, Nanjing Massacre

Ranked 5th in China

This can be said to be the first time that China has experienced a large-scale invasion by aliens, and the royal family moved southward , the people of the Central Plains were brutally tortured. This was also the first confrontation between the North and the South in history. The result was the end of ancient Chinese civilization from Xia, Shang and Zhou through the Spring and Autumn and Warring States, to Qin and Han, and until Wei and Jin. Even the ethnic composition has changed dramatically. It is a turning point in the process of civilization. From the Rebellion of the Eight Kings until Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty destroyed the Chen Dynasty and unified China, in the past three hundred years, ethnic vendettas and palace coups occurred one after another, and the chaos was endless. The history was violent and cruel. In the beginning, those nomadic peoples tried their best to oppress and humiliate the Han people. In modern times, the words we use to curse people, such as "lazy man, scoundrel man" and so on, are passed down from that era. The "heavenly Han" who were originally respected in the hearts of those foreign peoples have long been Replaced by "lazy, scoundrel". It's a shame. This also led to Ran Min's uprising. Fortunately, God will not destroy China. Because of the spirit and heroic resistance of the Chinese people at that time, foreign nations once again looked at the Chinese people, and thus the so-called "Hanization" came into being. Only then came the reforms of Emperor Xiaowen and Empress Dowager Wenming of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Only then began the cultural integration, which was dominated by Chinese civilization. Before that, I don’t know how many people died. However, compared with the later Mongol and Manchu Qing Dynasties, the Xianbei aristocrats were, after all, broad-minded and far-sighted. They inherited the essence of China while maintaining the advantages of their own nation. At the same time, they imported Buddhist civilization and created a transformed civilization?d?d Chinese ancient civilization. However, the medieval civilization after the Sui and Tang Dynasties inherited part of its essence, and many unique things have disappeared. For example, there are many splendid ancient myths, which make us confused when we look at many allusions in Chu Ci. In addition, the manufacturing method of swords and the "kendo" they carried were gradually lost during the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Because nomads don't use swords to fight. Japan gradually developed through learning and absorption from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Six Dynasties, and now it has become their "national quintessence". But now we can only imagine this dream-like weapon through historical facts and fictional martial arts stories before the Sui and Tang Dynasties.

The Fourth Opium War

I have always had a question. The high school history book said that the war was launched because Britain and France wanted to gain greater interests in China. . I also read a lot of information, and it didn’t mention anything about opium at all. So why is it called the Second Opium War? First of all, let’s look at the First Opium War. It was actually a trade war. It was for the British to gain the power of trade, that is, for trade equality, not to pay the government compensation for opium, let alone to sell opium legally. . To put it bluntly, opium is just a reason. Not for opium, but for other things. In order to make our country more moral, our history books specifically call this war the Opium War. The purpose of the Second Opium War was the same. It just required the Qing government to open up more deeply and give them most-favored-nation status. Since there was an Opium War and the purpose was the same, let's call it the Second Opium War. It was also moral. victory. Because at first it sounds like two wars over open drug trafficking.

The reason for this is that after the First Opium War, the Qing government adopted covert and covert tactics, violated contracts, and secretly blocked trade with Europe, which prevented the trade between Britain and France from continuing. Britain and France became angry and found another There are two reasons to start the war. This forced the Qing government to sign the Treaty of Tianjin. Ordinarily it should have ended here, but Emperor Xianfeng couldn't stand it anymore and thought it had damaged the face of the Celestial Empire, so he ordered Seng Gelin to ambush the British and French ministers who came to exchange the treaty at Dagukou. Several people were killed with artillery on the spot, which was also described as a great victory in high school history books. A dozen envoys who went to negotiate were detained. The Qing government believed that as long as the bandit leaders were captured, the rest of the army would surrender without a fight. In this way, the British and French landed and went straight to Beijing to kill. Xianfeng fled to Rehe, and only a few of the detained envoys were left alive. What happened next is known to everyone. In order to demonstrate against the Qing government, the British and French burned The Old Summer Palace.

This battle can be described as a great shame and humiliation. There are two aspects: First, the British and French allied forces were extremely cruel and ferocious. Countless people in the capital were massacred. The Old Summer Palace and Longevity Garden (the predecessor of the Summer Palace), which the Manchus spent hundreds of years to build, were burned to the ground. . What is even more distressing is that the calligraphy and painting antiques and porcelain of the past dynasties collected from the people by several generations of Manchu emperors are stored in the two gardens. Most of them are of the highest quality. Many of the national treasures that our country has lost overseas are from the Old Summer Palace. There are also an extremely large number of handicrafts made from Kangxi to Xianfeng without any expense. (To be honest, I really don’t like the architecture and handicrafts of the Qing Dynasty, especially furniture, decorations, and clothing. Although the workmanship is exquisite and the materials are precious, they are very complicated and tacky. The most outstanding one is the Forbidden City. The buildings inside Most of them were made in the Qing Dynasty. They are extremely vulgar and cannot be compared with the grandeur of the Han Dynasty, the majesty of the Tang Dynasty, the elegance of the Song Dynasty, and the simplicity of the Ming Dynasty.

) But they are all national treasures after all. After this burning, it can be said to be a catastrophe for Chinese civilization.

Second aspect: The sneak attack and detention of the British and French ministers were extremely unfaithful, making China a barbaric country with no faith in the eyes of foreigners. After that, even if they won the war, it would be fine. He was beaten, and finally had to negotiate for peace after being beaten down. It was so humiliating. Therefore, the Second Opium War was a shame in many aspects. Some of the humiliations suffered were caused by themselves. Of course, the British and French were not good people, but the burning of the Old Summer Palace was partly due to the sneak attack and the detention of the minister. stimulation. All in all, the sharp turn in the Western impression of my country started here.

Ranked third: The Sino-Japanese War

Needless to say, this is a well-known shame and humiliation. But what scares me is that before the war started, the whole country in Japan was actively preparing for war. Up to the royal family, Emperor Meiji went on a diet and the empress sold jewelry. Down to the common people, prostitutes donated money from selling themselves, and soldiers, because the emperor only ate twice a day, consciously ate only one meal and worked hard to save money to buy the Yoshino. At that time, the slogan of Meiji was that if King Gou Jian of Yue could endure hardships while sleeping on a salary, he could do it too. This reminds me of the story about an apple in primary school Chinese books when people from all walks of life across the country scrimped on food and clothing during the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, spending money to buy aircraft and cannons.

After this battle, the small Japanese empire rose rapidly, while the big empire accelerated its decline. However, the reform of the Qing government failed miserably, and some Chinese people woke up and discovered that the only way to save China was to overthrow the Qing Dynasty. Later, after the Hundred Days Reform, the Gengzi Revolution, and the period of despair over the so-called "New Deal" of the Qing court. The Revolution of 1911 finally broke out and overthrew the Qing Dynasty. To be honest, I think reform is better than revolution. Step by step is more stable and easier to accept than sudden change. However, the Manchu aristocrats were unparalleled in their stubbornness, narrow-mindedness and short-sightedness, and clinging to their own interests. The Revolution of 1911 was really a last resort. It can be said that it is most in line with the standards of the Tang-Wu revolution.

As an aside, I always feel that the countries surrounding China that are deeply influenced by Chinese culture will intensify their insults and aggression against China when China is weak. These countries have long looked up to China in ancient times. Study and study China in depth. In modern times, due to the influence of Western culture, it is quite difficult for China to deal with these countries. For example, Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, Indonesia, etc. There is also Taiwan.

Ranked second: Jiashen National Disaster

In 1644, Chinese civilization came to an end. Only the Tatar civilization of four hundred years is left, and today, in the eyes of Chinese and outsiders, Chinese civilization is Tatar civilization. This is of course thanks to Zhang Yimou's movies, numerous Qing palace dramas, and Tang costumes. But our severing of ties with the real Chinese civilization started here. It is true that there were problems when Chinese civilization developed to the end of the Ming Dynasty, and the problems were serious. The demise of the Ming Dynasty is an example. Although there are providences, such as fifteen consecutive years of drought. This resulted in drought and locust infestations in the Central Plains, resulting in no harvest. This led to Li Zicheng's suppression but not destruction. But man-made disasters can also be deadly. Zhu Ming has always been ungrateful and mean, Chongzhen has been headstrong and self-willed, and Nan Ming has been infighting. A centralized society has reached a dead end. It has reached the edge of change. Although the internal reform and reform are not yet mature, and many of them are reflections in the early Qing Dynasty and were stimulated by the death of the Ming Dynasty, they have begun to show signs of success.

If the blood of the Sui and Tang Dynasties is as bold as that of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it is not impossible. But history chose the worst ending. Li Zicheng, Zhang Xianzhong and his like are only equivalent to Huang Chao, and the result is certain, defeat is inevitable. But China can be divided and divided once more at most, and it has not yet conquered the world. If the Southern Ming Dynasty is on the safe side, at most it will be another Southern and Northern Dynasties, another Song and Jin Dynasty confrontation. At any rate, Chinese civilization was preserved. But Manqing's entry into the customs depends entirely on luck. After entering the customs, they are extremely arrogant on the one hand and extremely inferior on the other. Arrogance and inferiority complement each other, so through a series of bloody measures, Chinese civilization was ruined in their hands. Until now, it has happened that we need to look at China before the Song Dynasty to Japan, and we need to look at China before the Qing Dynasty to South Korea.

The No. 1 Jingkang Disaster

This is the most shameful page in Chinese history. When the Jin soldiers invaded Tokyo, the entire Zhao and Song royal family except one person were captured and headed north. , and the prince who luckily escaped was Zhao Gou, and countless bureaucrats and their families were captured and went north, and most of them were sold into domestic slaves. Some of the prostitutes in low-level brothels turned out to be the prime minister's daughters. The cultural losses are even more immeasurable. The Jin people were very barbaric during the Jingkang era. They killed everyone they saw and robbed everything they saw. The accumulated cultural wealth of the Song Dynasty was burned and looted, which was also a great disaster for Chinese civilization. This is also the foreshadowing of China being overtaken by the West and even falling behind.

It was also the cause of various historical tragedies that followed. What is even more sad is that the later Ming Dynasty did not inherit the glorious cultural achievements of the Song Dynasty, which led to the national disaster of Jiashen and the extinction of China's heirs. It was also during that period that Japan shifted from worshiping Chinese civilization to reflecting on it. By the way, many cultural arts such as sumo wrestling, tea ceremony, flower arrangement, polo, etc. also disappeared at that time.

Buckle the "safety belt" for life

Safety production is one of the key areas of supervision by the party and the government. The "Safety Production Law" was promulgated, the national safety supervision system was reformed, and violations of laws and regulations were Measures such as severe punishment for behavior have received widespread attention. However, the production safety situation in our country is still severe, and accidents occur frequently in high-risk industries such as coal mines.

In accordance with the mid- to long-term goal of safe production, by 2007, my country will have established a relatively complete safety supervision system, the national safety production situation will steadily improve, the frequent accidents in key industries and fields will be reversed, the number of accident deaths in industrial and mining enterprises, the number of coal mines, and the Indicators such as the death rate per 10,000 tons and the road traffic death rate per 10,000 vehicles will decline to a certain extent.

Children can afford to go to school

In 2004, the average number of years of education for people over the age of 15 in my country was 8.3 years, one year more than the world average. However, only 7.2% of education workers have received higher education, and investment in education is still seriously insufficient. In 2006, popularizing and consolidating rural compulsory education will become the top priority of education work. The growth of fiscal education expenditures will be higher than the growth of fiscal expenditures. Teacher salaries and per-student public funds will gradually increase. Problems related to the vital interests of the people, such as poor school conditions, operational difficulties, and arbitrary education charges, will gradually be resolved. By 2010, the population coverage rate of nine-year compulsory education will be nearly 100%.

Seeing a doctor makes you feel at ease

In the past five years, my country’s medical and health care industry has broken through the model of relying solely on the government for development, and has experienced the fastest development since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. However, there are still many obstacles in the medical system and mechanisms. Public medical institutions have a serious tendency to unilaterally pursue economic interests. They use "large prescriptions" and "indiscriminate examinations" for minor illnesses. The difficulty and high cost of medical treatment have become issues that the public strongly reflects on. In 2006, the pilot coverage of the new rural cooperative medical system will be expanded to 40%, and the phenomenon of people falling into poverty due to illness and returning to poverty will be further curbed; the state will allocate necessary funds to support the construction of township health centers and county hospitals to provide farmers with safe and Cheap basic medical services; the development of community health services will provide basic medical service guarantees for low-income urban residents.

Drink water and eat meat with confidence

In 2005, in order to strengthen pollution control and ecological protection, promote pollution prevention and control in key river basins, and strive to solve environmental pollution that seriously endangers the health and safety of the people, Especially regarding water pollution, air pollution and other issues, the country has closed down 15 types of small businesses that wasted resources and polluted the environment, and implemented a deadline for industrial pollution sources to meet emission standards within a time limit. In 2006, allowing people to drink clean water and breathe fresh air has become one of the important goals of governments at all levels. The country has made it clear that by the end of the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", my country's energy consumption per unit of GDP will be about 20% lower than that at the end of the "Tenth Five-Year Plan". The construction of an environmentally friendly society has increasingly become the common sense of the whole society.

Put up a "protective umbrella"

In the first 10 months of 2005, my country has created a total of 8.8 million new urban jobs, and 40 million new urban jobs have been created during the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period. Human goals have been achieved ahead of schedule. However, our country has entered the peak growth period of the working-age population. In the next few years, the annual labor supply and demand gap will still reach 13 million to 14 million people. In the future, companies will not be allowed to push surplus personnel into society, and the country will also establish an employment-oriented index system for vocational education and training institutions. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, 45 million new jobs will be created. Some discriminatory employment agreements will be prohibited. Optimizing the employment environment has become one of the important aspects of government work.

Home Ownership

In 2005, under the unified deployment of the State Council, multiple departments joined forces to regulate the real estate market, and the market order improved. But for ordinary people, the price of commercial housing is still "high". With the continuous implementation of the central government's policy to stabilize housing prices, the real estate market will develop in the direction of the expected goals of curbing investment, controlling investment, guiding rational consumption, and stabilizing housing prices. Speculative home buying behavior will be curbed, and the housing problems of low- and middle-income groups will It will receive more attention, and housing prices will be in line with the people on a wider scale.

Secretary care for the elderly

Statistics show that social insurance premiums for retirees across the country have increased 119 times in 19 years. However, at present, the coverage of public pension in our country only accounts for 15% of the total population. Some retirees are living in distress, and the elderly in rural areas basically do not enjoy social security. As the basic pension insurance system for enterprise employees continues to improve, focusing on the insurance participation of non-public enterprises, urban individual industrial and commercial households, and flexible employment personnel, the coverage of basic pension insurance will gradually expand. The country is gradually implementing individual accounts for pension insurance, and more and more people will live a life where they can be provided for when they are old and have medical treatment for their illnesses.

The share of income or consumption is only 4.7%, while the share of income or consumption of the richest 20% of the total population is as high as 50%. In 2006, the government will start by adjusting the national income distribution system and the national fiscal expenditure structure to establish a support and protection system for agriculture so that public services can benefit farmers; in the future, new financial resources will focus on rural areas, agriculture and farmers. Moreover, the growth rate will be much higher than the growth rate of regular fiscal revenue; strategic measures such as the development of the western region, the revitalization of the old industrial base in the Northeast, and the promotion of the rise of the central region will also accelerate the pace of national prosperity.

Migrant workers get their wages in time

With the great attention of the party and the government, various places have successively launched actions to clear the wages owed to migrant workers.

As of September 2005, the country had paid a total of 141 billion yuan in arrears for projects completed before 2003, accounting for 75.82% of the total arrears. However, phenomena of ignoring and infringing on the interests of migrant workers still occur from time to time, and the working environment still needs to be fundamentally improved. In 2006, it became the unshirkable responsibility of governments at all levels to ensure that migrant workers receive their wages on time and in full. As the state effectively strengthens the supervision of enterprises, the behavior of owners will be further regulated, and the phenomenon of wage arrears in ongoing and newly built projects will be curbed; the environment for farmers to work in cities will be more relaxed.

Life is of better quality

Statistics show that the average travel rate of urban and rural residents in my country currently reaches 84.8%, and cultural products are also greatly enriched. However, compared with the people's increasing spiritual and cultural needs, cultural service outlets are still far from complete, and the high ticket prices of some scenic spots still make people "daunted by the sights." In 2006, it allowed ordinary people to appreciate the scenery and enjoy a better quality of life, leaving more room for the government to think and work hard. As the reform of the cultural system advances, people will enjoy increasingly complete cultural services; in rural areas, the popularization of cinemas, cultural centers, libraries and other facilities will greatly expand farmers' traditional daily life concepts.