Yellow data

Throughout the ages, the Yellow River, with its majestic momentum, has flowed across the land of China, nourishing China people from generation to generation. To sing praises to the Yellow River is to sing praises to our great Chinese nation.

The Yellow River Cantata is a group of poems written by Zhang Guangnian, a famous poet, to cooperate with the large-scale national symphony created by musician Xian Xinghai. From 65438 to 0937, after the full-scale outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Japanese invaders trampled on the land of North China. The whole country set off the climax of the anti-Japanese national salvation movement. It is the wish of many progressive literary and art workers to reflect the real struggle through their own artistic images and stimulate the anti-Japanese enthusiasm of the people throughout the country. In August 1935, the poet Guang William. J wrote the lyrics "Flowers in May", in which he sang: "Flowers in May bloomed all over Yuan Ye, and/flowers covered the blood of people with lofty ideals. /In order to save this dying nation,/they fought stubbornly against the Japanese. ..... "The lyrics were widely sung after being composed. After the poet 1939 went to Yan 'an, he created a larger group of poems, The Yellow River Cantata. The Yellow River Chorus * * has eight movements, namely: Yellow River boatman song, Yellow River ode, how the water of the Yellow River moves out of the sky, Yellow River counterpart song, Yellow River ballad, Yellow River resentment, defending the Yellow River roar, and Yellow River. The magnificent imagination and realistic pictures in the poem are intertwined, forming a magnificent historical picture, praising suffering and struggle, depicting the image of the Yellow River and reflecting the real scene of the heroic sons and daughters of the Chinese nation in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Xian Xinghai praised it as "full of aesthetic feeling, realism, resentment and tragic feelings, which makes people who have never crossed the Yellow River and those who have been to the Yellow River feel the same way. The lyrics themselves have tried to describe the history of the Yellow River for thousands of years.

The Yellow River Fu is a genre fu, mainly composed of the Yellow River Fu, which is closely related to the first chapter of the group poem "The Yellow River Boatman Song" in structure. "The Yellow River Boatman Song" describes: "Dark clouds are gathering in the sky, and the stormy waves are lapping on the shore. The Yellow River boatmen fought in the wind and rain and finally reached the other side after hardships. " This symbolizes that our great nation and people have broken through the difficulties of the storm and finally won a brilliant victory. "So in the second chapter" Ode to the Yellow River ",the poet appeared as a singer of the times. Standing on the top of the mountain, he sang the Yellow River ode on behalf of the heroic sons and daughters of the motherland. He praised the Yellow River for its majestic and long history, and should follow its example and be as great and powerful as it.

The first section is recitation, and the second section is lyrics. At the beginning, the author called the readers "friends" in the way of coming at once, and clearly put forward the theme of "praising the Yellow River" at the beginning.

The second section is the main part of the whole poem. In order to express the momentum of ode, "tenor solo, with solemn and stirring singing, can hear the power of the Yellow River flowing in the accompaniment" (Xian Xinghai's How to Write the Yellow River). The lyrics in the second paragraph are clear-cut, and there are obvious keywords that can be used as the basis for combing ideas. The first is the word "looking at the Yellow River rolling", which has always led to "the Central Plains is divided into two". The content of this "hope" is not only realistic, but also magnificent, clear and strict: 1. Close-up shot-"surging waves,/set off a heinous situation"; Then there is the general writing method of overlooking the panorama-"Turbid flow turns around,/forming a zigzag chain"; Then it describes the flow direction of the Yellow River vertically-"from the foot of Kunlun Mountain/to the Yellow Sea"; Finally, it spread horizontally to both sides of the Yellow River basin-"splitting the Central Plains in two". Then he began to praise the great contribution of the Yellow River to the Chinese nation and entered the stage of "praising". "ah! Yellow River! " Over and over again, from "ah! Yellow River! /You are the cradle of the Chinese nation "to" You will nurture/develop "is divided into three levels, praising the Yellow River for nurturing the Chinese nation and pointing out its historical contribution; Defend the Chinese nation like a natural barrier and point out the geographical advantages of the Yellow River; Finally, from reality to nothingness, he praised the vastness of the Yellow River basin and benefited all beings, and issued an oath to learn from it on behalf of Chinese children.

Second, the problem research

1. "! Yellow River! " What kind of role did it play?

"ah! Yellow River! " Repeatedly, the main part of the lyrics consists of "Ah! Yellow River! /You are the cradle of the Chinese nation "to" You will nurture/develop "is divided into three levels, namely: the Yellow River nurtured the Chinese nation, the Yellow River defended the Chinese nation, and the Yellow River will also inspire the Chinese nation. From real to virtual, interlocking, and gradually deepening.

2. How to understand that the Yellow River is a "cradle" and a "barrier"?

It is easy to understand that the Yellow River is the cradle of the Chinese nation, where Chinese culture has emerged, developed and grown, and the Yellow River has nurtured and nourished generations of China people. Comparing the Yellow River to a "national barrier" focuses on the defensive role of the Yellow River against the Chinese nation. The natural barrier of the Yellow River can be used as a geographical military barrier, and the great and powerful spirit of the Yellow River is enough to become a fortress of national spirit and a magic weapon for the Chinese nation to resist foreign aggression.

3. How to understand that the Yellow River "stretches out a thousand iron arms to the north and south banks"?

For the sentence that the Yellow River "stretches out a thousand iron arms to the north and south banks", we must first make clear what the "arm" in the sentence means. From the whole sentence, this is a figurative sentence, comparing the Yellow River to a giant, the mainstream of the Yellow River is the trunk of the giant, and countless tributaries of the Yellow River basin are thousands of "iron arms" on the giant. Secondly, we should combine the above to understand that such a giant, "pouring down,/mighty" embodies the majestic and unstoppable tolerance and strength, which is enough to stimulate the spirit and belief of the nation.

4. How to grasp the language features of Ode to the Yellow River?

This lyric is lively and vigorous, with distinct rhythm and loud syllables. Mainly short sentences, and long sentences. Combination of long and short, free and unrestrained, patchwork. In rhyme, every two or three sentences rhyme to form a natural and harmonious rhythm. At the same time, it pays great attention to depicting the image of the Yellow River and creating the beauty of lyrics: "The Yellow River is rolling" and "the waves are turbulent,/setting off a wave; /Turbulent flow turns around,/forms a nine-song chain "and other sentences, which unfold a grand picture in front of readers!

Practice note

Read this lyric with emotion.

This lyric wins with momentum. When reading, students' inner feelings must be aroused. If we can arouse students' tragic feelings about the national disaster and the crisis of the Chinese nation, we can have passionate feelings and affectionate reading. It is not advisable to give students training guidance on reading skills too early.

In what ways did the poet praise the heroic spirit of the Yellow River? What feelings did he express by praising the Yellow River?

This topic aims to guide students to grasp the content of lyrics from a macro perspective. Teachers should pay attention to two different levels contained in the topic. The first question is from the surface. First of all, we should grasp the key word "the heroic of the Yellow River" and guide students to repeatedly perceive the text and feel the indomitable heroic of the Yellow River. Secondly, we should pay attention to the key point of "from what aspects" and guide students to think from the following aspects: the natural characteristics, geographical characteristics and historical contribution to the Chinese nation of the Yellow River.

The second question is actually to guide students to think about the purpose of the poet's creation. By praising the Yellow River and our nation, the poet evokes the national pride and self-confidence of China people, inspires them to be "great and strong" like the Yellow River, and defends the Yellow River and China with heroism and strong determination.

Thirdly, among the poems we studied, some poems are straightforward and heroic, while others are euphemistic and implicit. What kind of poem do you think it belongs to? Why? Can you give one or two more examples from the poems you have learned?

The purpose of this topic is to guide students to understand and appreciate two aesthetic styles of poetry-sublime and beautiful. However, in teaching practice, we should grasp the characteristics of these two kinds of poems through our understanding of specific works.

This poem belongs to the category of straightforward lyricism and heroic style, because it shapes the surging and magnificent image of the Yellow River with clear language. The sentence pattern of "Ah, Yellow River ……" directly expresses the feelings of loving the Yellow River and is full of majestic beauty. Wang Zhihuan's "Stay at the Heron" and Su Shi's "Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia" all belong to this style. He Qifang's Autumn and Guo Moruo's Thoughts on a Quiet Night, which were learned last semester, belong to euphemistic and implicit poems.

Teaching suggestion

First, arousing students' emotions is the first condition for a good class, and guiding students to grasp the main parts of the lyrics as a whole is the key to a deeper understanding of the text.

Most students have a certain understanding of the background of this lyric, and they also have simple patriotic feelings. Teachers should try their best to stimulate and strengthen this feeling. They can use the power of music to impress students' hearts by directly appealing to auditory music, and under the background of music, they can repeatedly experience the surging and passionate national feelings in the lyrics by reading music, and then analyze the ideas of the second paragraph of lyrics.

The teaching of this course should focus on reading, not too much explanation. We should trust students' understanding and feeling ability.

Second, the teaching design

1. Play the music Yellow River Chorus No.1 and No.2.. Infect students with powerful momentum and arouse their inner singing.

2. Read aloud. Mandarin is required to be read correctly, fluently and emotionally.

(1) Teachers demonstrate reading.

② Students can practice reading aloud freely.

(3) Students read together.

3. Content discussion

1 Solve the problem. The title of this lesson is Ode to the Yellow River. Which word is the key? (Grasp the word "ode". )

② One or three paragraphs of this lyric obviously echo from beginning to end, but are the emphases of these two paragraphs exactly the same? (The first section focuses on "Yellow River" and the third section focuses on "Chinese sons and daughters". )

(3) The second section is the main part, mainly Ode to the Yellow River, but it doesn't begin to praise immediately. There is a gaining stage before Ode. If you find a word to quote in the text, which word should it be? (that is, the word "hope". )

④ The link of Ode to the Yellow River also has obvious external signs, that is, the recurring "Ah! Yellow River! " This sentence divides the content into several levels. What are the main contents of each level?

⑤ Summarize the text.

Summarize the text with the following blackboard writing.

Overture ———————————————————————————— Conclusion.

The Yellow River is great and powerful, looking forward to the Yellow River-→ sing praises to the Yellow River and learn its spirit.

Read aloud again

On the basis of understanding the text, students are required to recite poems with music according to the music of Yellow River Fu. Teachers can arrange students to read together, guide reading or read alone according to specific circumstances.

5. Homework after class

(1) read The Yellow River Cantata's third book: How the water of the Yellow River moves out of the sky.

② Enjoy the music of the Yellow River Chorus, learn to sing Ode to the Yellow River and perform it.

related data

I. Introduction to the author

Guang Weiran, formerly known as Zhang Guangnian, was born in 19 13 in Guanghua County, Hubei Province. 1927 middle school participated in the revolutionary work, dropped out of school after the "April 12th" counter-revolutionary coup, and worked as an apprentice, a shop assistant and a primary school teacher. 1936 arrived in Shanghai to participate in the anti-Japanese national salvation movement and engage in progressive literary and artistic activities. The lyrics of Mayflower, written in August, 1935, are widely sung because of their deep sadness. After arriving in Yan 'an from 65438 to 0939, The Yellow River Cantata, a group poem praising the spirit of the Chinese nation, became popular all over the country after being composed by Xian Xinghai. After the founding of New China, he was the editor-in-chief of Drama, Literary Newspaper and People's Literature.

Second, how do I write the Yellow River (Xian Xinghai)?

Although the creation of The Yellow River originated in Yan 'an, which is short of material conditions, it has created a new type of national salvation song at this stage.

Although the songs of national salvation in the past had great effects and were deeply loved by the masses, they were quickly spurned by the masses. Therefore, the imbalance between "quantity" and "quality" makes many songs disappear or completely ineffective in a short time.

Although the lyrics of Yellow River are a little elegant, they do not detract from its style. It has great verve, skill, enthusiasm and truth, especially a bright future. Moreover, it directly fits the current environment and points out the significance of "defending the Yellow River". It is also full of beautiful, realistic, resentful and tragic feelings, so that people who have never crossed the Yellow River and those who have been to the Yellow River feel the same way. The lyrics themselves have tried to describe the history of the Yellow River for thousands of years.

1. Yellow River boatman song

If you listen attentively, you can find a picture, like dozens of boatmen rowing, full of fighting power. There are two kinds of emotions worthy of attention in the song: the tension at the beginning is the boatman's struggle with the waves when crossing the Yellow River. They sang "Paddle Forward", "Dark clouds cover the sky …" and "The waves hit the boat, partner! Open your eyes! Helmsman! Grab your wrist! ..... desperately! Don't be afraid! " "Sailing is like going to the line of fire and rushing forward as one!" The last paragraph is a little easier. Before they crossed the Yellow River, they were full of happiness and light. After a burst of laughter, their mood has reached a state of comfort and peace of mind, and they can catch their breath.

2. Ode to the Yellow River

It is written in the form of ode, mostly praising the greatness and strength of the Yellow River with unrestrained enthusiasm. Solo by tenor, the song is solemn and stirring, and you can hear the power of the Yellow River flowing in the accompaniment!

3. How does the Yellow River water flow out of heaven?

It's a recitation, and I accompany it with three strings. The lyrics are all expressed in three strings, not the accompaniment of drums or ordinary Beijing dialect. There is a song with independent lyrics and accompaniment in Europe, which was initiated by composer Wolff. However, it is probably the first time that China's songs use three strings to express the lyrics, and can be composed into a song independently. In addition to the surging waves of the Yellow River, Sanxian has two tunes: One is "Man Jiang Hong" and the other is March of the Volunteers. But only a little, not the whole song (this is because of the melody organization).

4. "Yellow River Counterpart Song"

It is written in the form of folk songs (Shanxi tune). The last three parts of the two choruses are coordinated with the main theme of Party A and Party B, and Sanxian and Erhu represent the duet and chorus of Party A and Party B respectively. Besides, it is easier and more interesting to go through the door. Singers should use actions to help convey songs, which is more vivid.

5. "Yellow Water Ballad"

This is a folk song sung in unison. The tone is relatively simple, and there is an expression of pain and groaning. But unlike the decadence of ordinary people, Huangshui ballads are full of hope and struggle!

6. Yellow River complaints

A voice representing the oppression of women, a voice being insulted. The tone is tragic and lingering, and it is a sad song sung with tears. If the singer doesn't feel this way, the audience must not feel the same way, which should be noticeable.

7. Defend the Yellow River

It is the first round of singing, from two parts to four parts in turn. At the beginning of every sentence, you should be strong, healthy and optimistic. It's all written in China melody. When singing in three or four rounds, there is "Long Ge", which is the backup singer. Singing style is very interesting when singing. The whole thing is very powerful and imposing, falling together and changing endlessly. Just pay attention to singing the melody constantly.

8. "hey! the Yellow River

This is a four-part chorus with two, three and four different voices. The melody is sincere and powerful, but full of blood and encouragement, which is one of the most important themes of The Yellow River. The last two sentences: "Send a warning signal to the suffering people in China! Send a warning signal to people who work all over the world! " Sing it three times, four times and five times until the audience feels the same way. It is best to play the main theme with bugles and then accompany it with drums, so as to show the greatness of the "Yellow River". Its roar inspires the suffering masses and working people all over the world.

The practice of the Yellow River was China's first attempt. I hope that people who care about the new music movement in China will give me a guide and make me work harder.

(Excerpted from the Complete Works of Xian Xinghai)

Third, the birth of the Yellow River Chorus (before it happened)

A friend called from the north to discuss The Yellow River Cantata's manuscript, and asked me to write an article for Chinese Express to coincide with the grand performance of this work of art by the great American composer Xian Xinghai at the Yellow River Music Festival. I wrote a memoir about this topic and said everything. However, it is difficult to be ambitious. Although the composition is limited, I still have to try again. I would like to take this opportunity to extend my warm congratulations on the fruitful achievements of the Yellow River Music Festival. I would also like to express my thanks and apologies for the kind invitation of the cultural circles in Hong Kong, because I was unable to go because of something.

As early as the spring of 1937, when Xinghai and I met in Shanghai, he had great aspirations and wanted to express our Chinese belief in suffering, struggle, freedom, happiness and victory through his own musical image. He poured this great wish into the national symphony he was writing. When War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out, it was the time when all the people in China were enthusiastic, especially the literary and art workers. He wrote many patriotic songs with long vitality, and he hoped to express his ambition through the long works of vocal music art, which shows that the birth of The Yellow River Cantata conforms to the requirements of the times and the composer's inherent requirements.

In retrospect, the composer's ambition to reflect the requirements of the times is the common aspiration of China writers and artists, and I am no exception. 1938 in autumn and winter, I often marched on both sides of the northwest yellow river with comrades from the third team of anti-enemy drama. Activities in guerrilla base areas behind enemy lines. The magnificent mountains and rivers in China and the heroic attitude of guerrilla fighters have always strongly touched me, and a large-scale recitation poem Ode to the Yellow River is brewing in my mind. Later, when I was writing a poem about treating diseases in Yan 'an, I accepted the advice of Comrade Xinghai and the three teams in the play and adapted it into the lyrics of the Yellow River Chorus.

What can be added now is that there were two impressions at that time, which strongly and directly inspired the poetry in my chest. One is the scene where the boatman struggles with the stormy waves when crossing the dangerous beach of the Yellow River, which has been shown and played in the Yellow River Boatman Song. At that time, Song of the Boatman recorded by Comrade Wu Xiling in Together was an important reference for Xinghai's composition. There is another one that passes through Hukou (Hukou) in the north of Jixian County, Shanxi Province, watching the Yellow River plunge into the cliff abyss, forming a magnificent picture of Niagara Falls. This is the famous place where the Yellow River smokes and boats travel by land. I was stunned by the miracle of nature. I wrote the impression at that time truthfully into the recitation song "How the Yellow River Water Moves Out of the Sky" (the third chorus). I said "write truthfully" because it was "from ten miles away" but "looking up at its smoke rising", which really "shook the earth's crust and dispersed the dark clouds in the sky"; The endless sufferings of the northwest people in history described here, as well as the strange sight of "guerrilla corps and field troops on both sides of the Yellow River dotted behind enemy lines" at that time, are also true. The third of The Yellow River Cantata's eight songs was written as a recitation song, which was a deliberate attempt by the songwriter. Xinghai wrote: "China's songs are accompanied by three strings, which can express the content of lyrics and can compose independently. This is probably the first attempt." (How did I write the Yellow River Chorus?) I think we should try to exert the artistic effect in this way.

After the liberation of China, the Yellow River Chorus has been formally performed in the capital for many times, but it was neglected to recite the song "How the Yellow River Water Moves Out of Heaven", which I deeply regret. It is difficult to recite songs, but it is difficult to perform. They are afraid that if they don't handle it well, the whole performance will be affected. 1April, 939, I performed two performances in Yan 'an for the first time, which I recited in spite of my illness. At that time, the accompaniment conditions were relatively simple. Later, he performed in Yan 'an, and before liberation, he performed amateur performances in major cities in the north and south, all of which finished eight songs in one breath, and the third song was not difficult to handle. Now the high-level singing skills of professional groups are much better than in the past. I hope artists can overcome difficulties and hear the complete performance of chorus.

I still remember 1939. One night in February, in a spacious cave in Yan 'an Communication Office, 30 comrades of the third team of the Anti-Japanese War Drama had a happy New Year's Eve. The hospital in Shilipu invited me to this party. Comrade Xinghai was also invited to attend. Under the bright kerosene lamp, I stood up and explained a few words, and then recited all the lyrics of more than 400 lines of Yellow River emotionally. Comrades listened attentively with expectant eyes. As soon as the applause fell, Comrade Xinghai stood up, grasped the lyrics in his hand and said, "I will definitely write it!" Followed by more warm applause, mixed with cheers, congratulations on the harmony between this poem and the soul of music.

The Yellow River Cantata is mainly the achievement of music art, and the lyrics provide convenient conditions for realizing the composer's ambition. We feel sorry for the premature departure of talented composers! If he lived to this day-80 years old, of course, and heard that his songs are still in the north and south of the country, it would be great to inspire the people of China to unite and rise up and revitalize China! If he is still alive, how many immortal movements of the times will he write in the last 40 years of his normal continuation! Thought of here, more and more feel our loss! Encourage the younger generation of people with lofty ideals to catch up, make up for our heavy losses, and add new glory to new China by surpassing the creation of predecessors!

(Originally published in new york Chinese Express on August 28th 1985)

Fourth, the "Yellow River" skill (before it happened)

The Yellow River appeared on the Asian plain with its heroism, symbolizing the great spirit of the Chinese nation. Throughout the ages, many poets have praised and sang for it.

In The Yellow River Cantata, a powerful picture of fantasy and reality is unfolded.

Dark clouds filled the sky, and the waves beat on the shore. The boatmen of the Yellow River fought in the storm and finally reached the other side after hardships. This symbolizes that our great nation and people have broken through the difficulties of the storm and finally won a brilliant victory.

So a singer of the times appeared at the top of the mountain. He represented the heroic sons and daughters of the motherland and sang praises to the Yellow River. We should follow his example and be as great and strong as him.

In front of Asian giants, national poets have a nostalgic mood. He cried to the Yellow River giant about the disaster in our country. He saw the giant wake up, set off his turbulent waves, issued his crazy cry, and responded to the songs of fighting all over the country.

On the east bank of the Yellow River, fertile fields are thousands of miles away, and men, women and children are happy. Once the violent enemy invades, it will bring about crazy killings, separation of wives and children, and desolation everywhere.

Two exiled villagers met by chance on the edge of the Yellow River. They each told their own destiny and finally embarked on the road of common struggle.

However, his wife, a rural woman, lost her husband and children and was ravaged by wild animals. On a rainy night, she sneaked to the edge of the Yellow River, gave a miserable cry and threw herself into the rolling waves of the Yellow River.

At this time, in the east of Hebei, among the mountains and green tents, the wave of revenge is rolling up in all directions, and the outstanding sons and daughters of the Chinese nation are fighting to defend the Yellow River and the motherland.

Roar, Yellow River! Send a warning signal to the oppressed people all over China and the oppressed people all over the world! On behalf of 50,000 people, we shouted for the final victory of the motherland.