1000 words about the birth and development of photography

More than 400 years BC, Mozi, a philosopher in China, observed the phenomenon of pinhole imaging, and in his book Mozi? Xia Jing became the first person to study and discuss pinhole imaging in history, which laid a theoretical foundation for the invention of photography.

After Mozi, the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle and mathematician Euclid, the legalist Han Feizi in the Spring and Autumn Period, Liu An, the king of Huainan in the Western Han Dynasty, and Shen Kuo, a scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty, all made a lot of comments on pinhole imaging. Pinhole imaging has been perceived and even used, but it can only be observed but not recorded.

Since16th century, western countries began to use pinhole imaging principle to obtain images in black boxes.

1826, Nipps, a French printer, put the metal plate coated with asphalt in a black box, with the lens facing out of the window, and washed it in lavender oil after 8 hours, and finally got the world's first photo that can be preserved forever. However, the sensitivity of asphalt is too low and the particles are coarse, so it is not practical.

1837, French painter Daguerre exposed the silver-plated copper plate and fixed the image with mercury vapor, which is called "silver plate method". Compared with asphalt, silver plate method has higher sensitivity and finer particles.

1August, 839 19, French published "Photography in Daguerre". Since then, this day has been recognized by the world as the birth day of photography.

Second, Carlo photography.

1834, British scientist Talbot took negative images with photosensitive paper and then printed out any number of positive images. This method of changing from negative to positive has continued to this day. This method is called "Carlo Photography".

Three, wet plate photography method

185 1 year, the British sculptor Acil used collodion as an adhesive and invented collodion photography, also known as wet plate method. The carrier of the photosensitive plate is a glass sheet.

In the 20 years from 185 1 to 187 1, collodion photography replaced the silver plate method and Carlo method and became the main photography method in Britain, America and continental Europe.

The advantage of wet plate method is that it greatly improves the sensitivity, but the disadvantage is that it is effective before the photosensitive plate is dried, that is, it needs to be made on site.

At the scene, make a photographic negative in a temporary tent and take it out while it is wet. The preparation, shooting, development and fixing of the photosensitive plate should be completed in the field 10-20 minutes. Of course, in the process of shooting, it is also required to be artistic and ornamental.

The equipment of landscape photographers in the 65438+1950s was very heavy, because the photographic negatives had to be made on the spot, and they had to be made immediately in an opaque tent, and then washed and fixed after shooting. Therefore, the photographer had to take a darkroom tent, bottles and jars filled with various potions and some glass plates, which was really hard for the artist.

Fourth, the popularity of photography.

187 1 year, the British doctor maddox announced the silver bromide gelatin dry plate method, and since then, photography has been liberated from the field production of photosensitive plates.

1880, American photographer Hysmans invented the dry plate coater and established "Hysmans Dry Plate Company". 1889, he made movie packages. Hysmans's contribution lies in greatly simplifying photography technology and making photography truly popular.

1877, French scientist D. Dioron took the first color photo in the history of photography.

1888, the first Kodak camera came out.

1900, Kodak introduced the popular camera Brownie. At this point, photography has really spread to the people.

. . . . . Finally, you sum up the development of digital cameras. . .

I hope it helps you. . .