What is archives sociology?

Archives science, also known as archives sociology.

Archives science

Explore the development law of archives and archives work, and study the theory and method of archives information resources management and development. The research purpose of archival science is to improve the scientific level of archival undertaking management and archival management, and to develop and utilize archival information resources more effectively.

A Brief History 65438+At the beginning of the 9th century, the word archival science first appeared in Germany, and this concept was used in a theoretical thought of archival science written by J.A. Og in 1804 and the journal Archives, Ancient Philology and History founded by 1834. 1885, the French scholar C.-V. langlois published the article "Science of Archives" in theNo. 1 issue of International Archives, Libraries and Museums, and put forward the viewpoint that archival science is a science for the first time.

/kloc-in the 20th century, many European archivists have conducted extensive discussions on the nature, position and function of archives, as well as the arrangement, identification, cataloging, utilization and publication of archives, involving all aspects of archival work. The theory of archival arrangement is the core issue discussed in the formation of European archival science. Archivists put forward the principle of theme, the principle of respecting the Sect and the principle of provenance, and demonstrated the advantages and disadvantages of these principles in theory and practice. The Handbook of Archival Arrangement and Cataloguing, published in 1898 by Dutch archivists Miao Lei, J.A. Firth and R.F. Luo Ying, summarizes the experience of archival work in Europe, inherits and develops the previous research results, and systematically expounds the theories, principles and methods of archival arrangement and cataloguing, among which the most wonderful part is the profound discussion of the theory of all cases, and puts forward the principle that all cases of archives are organically related and inseparable. In the 20th century, with the development of archival work practice, the Archives Management Manual written by H. jenkinson in Britain, Archives Science written by E. Casanova in Italy, Archives Science written by A. Brennecke in Germany, Archives Manual written by French Archives Bureau and French Archivists Association increased continuously. Principles and Technology of Modern Archival Science by Schellenberg in the United States and Archives Management by Taylor in Canada.

19 1 1 The Revolution of 1911 ended the feudal monarchy in China, and the archives of the Ming and Qing Dynasties that had been hidden in the Qing Palace were no longer exclusive to the royal family. In the early 1920s, ouchi archives spread to the society, which attracted the attention of academic circles, and carried out the collection and arrangement activities of Ming and Qing archives. In 1930s, historians such as Shen Jianshi, Xu Zhongshu, Wu Han, Fang wrote a large number of papers, which made a meaningful discussion on the historical value of archives in Ming and Qing Dynasties and the arrangement and cataloging of archives. In the 1940s, China began to set up archives education, set up archives management department in Wuchang Wenhua Library College, set up private Shi Chong Archives School in Chongqing, set up archives management courses, studied archives science, and introduced archival science ideas and management experience from some European countries.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), a nationwide socialist archival undertaking was launched, which opened up a broad road for archival research. 1956 "the State Council's decision on strengthening national archives work" puts forward: "strengthen the research work of archival science and other auxiliary disciplines and improve the scientific level." China attaches great importance to the construction of archival science discipline system. In the mid-1950s and 1960s, disciplines such as philology, archives management, science and technology archives management, archives protection technology, China archives history, foreign archives history and archives literature compilation were established. In 1980s, a discipline system of archival science was established, which paid equal attention to basic theory and applied theory and technology.

Research content and discipline system Archival science takes archives and archival work as the research object. Its basic task is to put forward the scientific theory, principles and methods of archives work on the basis of studying the development law of archives and archives work, to guide the practice of archives work and improve the scientific level of archives management, so as to fully realize the value of archives and serve various social practices. The research object and task of archival science fundamentally stipulate the research content and discipline system of archival science.

The research content includes the following five basic aspects: ① Basic theoretical research of archival science. ② Research on the history of archival specialty. ③ Research on file management. ④ Research on the management and development of archival resources. ⑤ Research on the application technology of archival work.

The early discipline of archival science was single, mainly studying the arrangement and cataloging of archives. With the massive growth of all kinds of archives, the development of archival work practice and archival undertaking construction, archival science has differentiated and grown into some branches, undertaking a certain research task. The theory and practice of Soviet archival work published by 1980 divides archival science into the following specialized disciplines: theory and practice of archival work, history and organization of archival work, document compilation, archival law, archival terminology, economics of scientific labor organization and archival organs, and archival statistics. In 1950s and 1960s, China divided archival science into several sub-disciplines, such as introduction to archival science, archival management, scientific and technological archival management, archival protection technology, the history of China's archival undertaking, and the history of foreign archival undertaking. In 1980s, Chinese archivists discussed the system structure of archival science. Representative viewpoints are as follows: ① Archival science is divided into two parts: theoretical archival science and applied archival science, and then divided into disciplines; Secondly, archival science is divided into three parts: basic theory, management discipline and applied technology, or into three parts: theoretical archival science, applied archival science and file management technology, and then into disciplines; (3) Archives science is divided into seven parts: basic theory, archives professional history, archives career management, archives management, archives talents, archives utilization and benefit, foreign archives work and archives science research, and then divided into disciplines.

The disciplinary nature and characteristics of archival science are social science, or basically belong to social science, which is determined by the nature of the research object of archival science. Archival science is to study the special social phenomenon of human society, that is, to study the movement law of archives and archival work and its relationship with people's social practice, so it belongs to the category of social science. The infiltration of contemporary natural science and technical science knowledge into archival science, and the application of computer technology, microform technology and modern communication technology in archival management have not changed the social nature of archival science research objects, so they cannot change the social science nature of archival science. Another view is that archival science is a comprehensive science with the nature of social science and natural science.

The research object of archival science determines that archival science has two distinct characteristics: first, the important theoretical principles of archival science are restricted and influenced by social system and ideology; First, it is very practical.

Relationship with other disciplines Archival science and philology are the closest sister disciplines. From the research objects of the two disciplines, documents are the predecessor of archives, archives are the transformation of documents, and paperwork is the premise and foundation of archival work. Whether the content quality and writing format of documents are standardized will have an important impact on archives and archival work. The durability of the paper, ink, film, tape and other materials used by the clerical department to make documents determines the life of the archives. The collection, storage period division and filing of documents should be completed after the documents are produced by each unit and before they are handed over to the archives department. Filing marks the end of document processing and the beginning of archival work. Whether the document collection is complete or not, whether the storage period is divided correctly or not, and the filing quality directly affects the file quality and subsequent file work. The archives department is responsible for guiding, inspecting and supervising the document collection, filing and filing work of the document processing department or business unit.

The inseparable relationship between archives and history determines the close relationship between archives and history. Archives are historical and cultural wealth. How to collect, sort out, edit and use archival historical materials is a common concern of archivists and historians. Not only archivists need to master the knowledge of historical science, but historians also need to know the knowledge of archival science. The study of history is inseparable from historical materials, and archives are the original records of history, which is particularly important for the study of history.

Archives science, library science and informatics are independent and closely related disciplines. Because of the particularity of their research objects, they have their own characteristics in management system, principles and methods.

In addition, the study of archival science is closely related to other disciplines, such as taking philosophy as the theoretical basis, adopting mathematical quantitative analysis methods, applying the theories and methods of system science, sociology and management science, and applying the knowledge of natural science and technical science.