How many weapons did the Soviet Union aid during the War of Liberation? Is Soviet aid a key factor in the development of the four fields?

1in June, 946, less than one year before War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, due to the provocation of Chiang Kai-shek, the civil war-the War of Liberation finally broke out between the two countries. However, the result of the war of liberation surprised countless people. Due to the corruption and incompetence of the Kuomintang, it only took the PLA more than three years, with the assistance of the United States, to wipe out all the 8 million mechanical troops in the United States and directly drive Chiang Kai-shek to the island of Taiwan Province Province.

But when it comes to the battlefield of the liberation war, the results of various field armies are quite different. Among them, the fourth field army led by Candy Luo, namely the Northeast Field Army, has the fastest development and the greatest achievements.

During the War of Liberation, the Fourth Field Army was always the largest of all field armies. 1950, the number of the fourth field army exceeded1500,000. The Liaoshen Campaign launched by the Four Fields was also the earliest of the three major campaigns. After the victory of Liaoshen Campaign, the Fourth Field Army took the lead in liberating the whole Northeast.

Subsequently, 800,000 troops of the Fourth Field Army entered the customs non-stop and won the battle of Ping Jin. Subsequently, Siye went all the way south, from Baishan Heishui to Hainan, the southernmost part of the motherland.

But now, there is also a saying circulating on the Internet: Although the Fourth Field Army led by Candy Luo has made remarkable achievements and developed extremely rapidly, it has largely benefited from the support of the Soviet Union. In other words, during the War of Liberation, the northeast of China was directly bordered by the Soviet Union, so the Northeast Field Army received a lot of assistance from the Soviet Union. This is also considered by many people to be an extremely important factor for the rapid development and brilliant achievements of the Fourth Field Army.

Is that really the case? During the War of Liberation, how much military aid did the Soviet Union give to the PLA, and how much role did this Soviet aid play? Is it really decisive?

Since Chairman Mao led the Autumn Harvest Uprising and led troops to Jinggangshan to establish a revolutionary base area, the China * * * Production Party has always regarded independence and self-reliance as revolutionary principles in its long revolutionary career.

Therefore, in the 28 years since the founding of New China, the China * * * Production Party has made efforts and won some foreign aid, but the amount of these foreign aid is very small and its role is very limited. From beginning to end, the China * * * Party and the China Revolution can only rely on their own hard work.

However, during the War of Liberation, with the Soviet Union sending a million Red Army troops to the northeast of China to wipe out the Japanese Kwantung Army entrenched in the northeast of China and the Korean Peninsula, the ties between the Chinese Production Party and the Soviet Union suddenly became closer.

After the 65438+100000 advance column arrived in the northeast, the Soviet Union did hand over a considerable number of Japanese Kwantung Army weapons captured in the northeast battlefield of China to the PLA troops in the northeast. So, how much equipment did the Soviet Union give the Northeast People's Liberation Army?

In fact, so far, there is still no accurate figure on how much Soviet weapons and equipment assistance the Northeast Field Army has received. According to the Soviet Union, they provided a lot of assistance to the producers in China.

According to the memory of Vasilevsky, commander-in-chief of the Soviet Far East at that time, he claimed that the weapons handed over by the Soviet army to the PLA were extremely exaggerated: a total of 700,000 rifles, tens of thousands of machine guns, more than 37,000 artillery mortars and rockets, more than 6,000 tanks, 860 planes, 2,000 cars and so on.

And these are just the weapons and equipment of the Japanese Kwantung Army seized by the Soviet Union. According to Aleksandr Vasilevsky in his memoirs, after that, the Soviet Union also provided a large number of Soviet-made weapons and equipment to the PLA. Therefore, at that time, the Soviet Union believed that the large amount of military assistance they provided to the PLA was an extremely important factor in the rapid development and growth of the PLA.

However, the People's Liberation Army, especially the Northeast Field Army, does not recognize this. General Liu Yalou, chief of staff of the Northeast Field Army at that time, denied this. He said that although the Soviet Union did give some assistance to the Northeast at that time, the amount was not much. On the contrary, because the Soviet Union was ambiguous between the Kuomintang and the * * * production party at that time, it even ate some of our troops because it supported the National Government.

Of course, there is another view that combines the two views. They believe that the PLA did get a lot of weapons and equipment assistance from the Soviet Union at that time, but the amount was not as much as the Soviet Union said, but it was not as little as Liu Yalou and others said. Generally speaking, they think that the Northeast Field Army is supported by Soviet weapons, with about 300,000 to 400,000 rifles and machine guns and about 2,000 guns.

So, who is more reasonable and closer to the real historical materials?

The Soviet Union's so-called 700,000 rifles, 37,000 guns, 600 tanks and 800 planes are obviously wrong, or at least the results are exaggerated.

Because it is impossible to know this figure only from the number of planes. During the War of Liberation, the PLA's victory depended entirely on the army, although at that time the PLA had begun to build its own air force and trained a number of pilots. However, these pilots are very immature, have neither experience nor enough time to enter the battlefield.

So from beginning to end, the Air Force did not participate in the War of Liberation, which means that if the Soviet Union really gave China more than 800 planes, these planes should be basically well preserved. But obviously, when New China was founded, the number of PLA Air Force planes was far less than 800.

Because, including Chiang Kai-shek's plane captured in the three-year liberation war, it also includes fighter planes brought by Kuomintang pilots after the uprising. 1949+00+05438+0 When New China was founded, the aircraft owned by the PLA Air Force added up to more than 100 old aircraft.

This is why when I was in founding ceremony, because there were not enough planes to take part in the military parade, Premier Zhou said that there were not enough planes and I flew twice. If the Soviet Union had really given us more than 800 planes at that time, it would not have been possible for Premier Zhou's words, which made countless people in China extremely sad when founding ceremony was there.

What's more, the data provided by Alexander Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Ale In order to highlight their own achievements and obliterate the achievements of the PLA, it is extremely possible to exaggerate the figures according to the consistent behavior of the Soviet Union.

What's more, there is no reliable source for this column of figures listed in Aleksandr Vasilevsky's memoirs. Even in the archives declassified by the Soviet Union, there is no literature to confirm the figures listed in Aleksandr Vasilevsky's memoirs.

Most importantly, even though the Soviet army at that time did make every effort to selflessly hand over all the Japanese weapons seized to the People's Liberation Army, the number of Japanese weapons equipped by the Japanese Kwantung Army and the traitor troops was far from 700,000.

After the Soviet Red Army launched an attack on the Northeast, it was indeed sweeping, and it soon wiped out hundreds of thousands of Japanese Kwantung Army. However, the Japanese Kwantung Army at that time was no longer the flower of Japan's most elite imperial army. Due to the continuous deployment of the Pacific battlefield, the Japanese Kwantung Army at that time was actually just a flower shelf. At the beginning of the war, the elite troops of the Kwantung Army who were well-equipped and well-trained were almost exhausted.

Therefore, the Japanese Kwantung Army stationed in the northeast at that time only had some Japanese third-rate troops mainly recruits, which can also be seen from the establishment of the Japanese Kwantung Army Division. In the late World War II, the divisions of the Japanese Kwantung Army were mainly composed of the lowest divisions.

According to the quota of more than 3,000 Japanese invaders, there were 2,250 horses, 6,500 mounted guns and 192 grenade launchers. At that time, all the guns of the Japanese Kwantung Army added up to only17 ~18,000, not 200,000. Even with the guns of the puppet Manchukuo traitors, there are no more than 300,000 guns. How did the huge number of 700,000 guns claimed by the Soviet Union come from?

What's more, the Japanese Kwantung Army was not completely surrounded and destroyed by the Soviet Union, and it was even more impossible for all weapons to be captured by the Soviet Union. In the fierce war, a considerable number of weapons and equipment will be damaged or destroyed. At the same time, a large number of Japanese Kwantung Army and traitor troops fled, and a large number of guns and ammunition were discarded or destroyed during the escape.

Therefore, considering the number of parties, from the end of 1945 to the beginning of 1946, the Soviet Union should give the Northeast People's Liberation Army about 300,000 weapons and equipment. These weapons did play an extremely important role at the beginning of the establishment of the Northeast Field Army, and it was thanks to these weapons that the Northeast People's Liberation Army, with 65,438+10,000 troops, was able to develop rapidly.

Therefore, it can be said that in the early days of the Liberation War, China's * * * production party was able to establish itself in the northeast and develop rapidly. The weapons handed over by the Soviet Union to China's * * * production party really played an extremely important role, and it was also a veritable timely help.

However, does this also mean that these weapons and equipment aided by the Soviet Union are the key factors for the victory of the Northeast People's Liberation Army?

In fact, it is far from it. During the War of Liberation 1 year, the Northeast Field Army increased rapidly from 654.38+10,000 troops at the time of customs clearance to more than 400,000 troops, and the Northeast Field Army was also the main target of Soviet military assistance. However, in terms of the number of Kuomintang troops annihilated, the Northeast Field Army did not take the lead in the PLA troops because of the assistance of the Soviet Union.

1946, the China People's Liberation Army annihilated the Kuomintang army1120,000, including 430,000 in East China, 280,000 in Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and Henan, and 0/40,000 in Shanxi, Chaji and Kloc. So, how much did the Northeast People's Liberation Army annihilate the enemy? This figure is 1.7 million.

Obviously, in the Liberation War 1 year, the Northeast Field Army with 300,000 Soviet-aided weapons did not show much advantage in the results. Compared with other People's Liberation Army that received little assistance from the Soviet Union, the Northeast Field Army is not outstanding. Judging from the results, all the PLA are similar.

However, after the Soviet Union basically stopped providing assistance to the People's Liberation Army, the Northeast Field Army developed the fastest and took the lead in winning an all-round victory over the Kuomintang troops in the northeast battlefield. After the Liaoshen Campaign, Northeast China became the China 1 completely liberated area.

Obviously, after the Soviet Union stopped its aid to the PLA, the PLA's development and growth did not stop, but it was even more rapid. Because the Northeast Field Army, which had occupied the northeast hatchback at that time, not only gained a firm foothold in the northeast, but also began to make full use of the industrial base in the northeast and produced a large number of weapons, equipment and ammunition, which also provided an extremely solid foundation for the sustainable development of the Northeast Field Army.

Of course, the development and growth of the PLA cannot be separated from the help of Chiang Kai-shek, the "transport captain". As the saying goes, "Without guns and cannons, the enemy builds them for us, and if we don't eat or wear them, the enemy sends us forward."

During the war of liberation, the well-equipped Kuomintang has always been a major source of weapons and equipment for the PLA. According to incomplete statistics, during the War of Liberation, the People's Liberation Army seized as many as 310.6 million guns, 320,000 machine guns and more than 50,000 guns of all kinds from the Kuomintang army.

It can be said that the weapons seized from the "transport captain" are the most important source of the PLA's weapons and equipment, and also the fundamental factor for the PLA's rapid development and growth. The Soviet Union's assistance to the People's Liberation Army was not and could not be the key factor in the victory of the war of liberation, no matter in quantity, proportion or function. At best, Soviet aid was only a powerful supplement to the initial stage of the war.

In fact, during the period from 1945 to 1949, the Soviet Union's assistance to the Northeast People's Liberation Army was mostly concentrated from the end of 1945 to the beginning of 1946, which was the period when the Soviet Red Army entered the Northeast.

Most of the weapons that the Soviet Union helped the People's Liberation Army were also second-hand Japanese weapons they seized from the Japanese Kwantung Army. The more advanced Soviet weapons from the Soviet Union are almost negligible.

Moreover, the Soviet Union's aid to the People's Liberation Army is intermittent, and its attitude towards the Northeast People's Liberation Army is also intermittent. Because on the one hand, they need to consider the international influence, especially the attitude of Americans. On the other hand, the Soviet Union has always had illusions about the national government.

Therefore, the relationship between the Soviet Union and the People's Liberation Army, which entered the Northeast at that time, was not as close as ideology, and there was no estrangement because they belonged to the * * * production party. In fact, even the Japanese weapons that the Soviet Union helped the People's Liberation Army were not all provided free of charge, and some were purchased by the People's Liberation Army through materials and loans.

Of course, in any case, the hundreds of thousands of weapons aided by the Soviet Union when the People's Liberation Army first entered the Northeast were indeed the "first bucket of gold" for the rise of the Northeast Field Army. Although this "first bucket of gold" is far from or even a fraction of the total equipment of the Fourth Field Army, which was later developed to 654.38+0.5 million.

However, just as 1 bucket of gold is the most difficult thing to start a business, the support given by the Soviet Union in 1945 is indeed the key to the initial development of the Northeast Field Army. Therefore, during the War of Liberation, the hundreds of thousands of weapons that the Soviet Union assisted the PLA should not be deified, let alone become the key factor for the PLA to win, but it should not be underestimated.