Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Photography major - Soviet Union Wenzhou Photography

Soviet Union Wenzhou Photography

It may be 歼 5. Let me introduce his materials to you.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, New China quickly began to imitate the production of jet fighters. On June 5438+095 1 10, the Chinese and Soviet governments formally signed the Agreement of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on Providing Technical Assistance to People's Republic of China (PRC) to Repair Aircraft, Engines and Aircraft Factories. In April 18 of the same year, the Ministry of Heavy Industry established the Aviation Industry Bureau, which was in charge of aircraft maintenance. 1953, 1953 On February 23, 1953, the Chinese and Soviet governments exchanged letters, and the Soviet Union granted China a license to manufacture jet MIG-15 Bis (including engines). However, in June1954+1October 12, according to the suggestion of the Soviet government, the China government decided to stop the trial production of MIG-15 Bis and try to produce MIG-17A and its engine-J -5 instead.

MiG-17 is a single-seat high subsonic fighter, which was developed on the basis of MIG-15 Bis. 1948 was designed, 1949 started test flight, and 1952 entered the former Soviet air force. There are about 5 ~ 6 kinds, the main types are φ (daytime sniper type, western code name "mural" C) and п ("mural" D), and their all-weather ability is limited. In addition to the production of the former Soviet Union, Poland, the Czech Republic and other countries have also made imitations. The production capacity of MIG-17 is very large, and it is estimated that there are about 9000 aircraft of various types. The former Soviet Union, Poland and Czech Republic all stopped production on 1958. In the late 1960s, the former Soviet Union withdrew from the front. From the late 1950s to the mid-1960s, MIG-17 was exported to more than 20 countries in Europe, Asia and Africa, such as Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Vietnam, North Korea, Egypt and Uganda. At present, MIG-17 or J -5 of all countries in the world have retired from active service, and only a few may still serve in Albania. There are still a few J-5s in service in China.

195 1 At the end of the year, the Aviation Industry Bureau had 18 factories with nearly 10,000 employees. 195 1 65438+February, Premier Zhou personally presided over the meeting and decided to successfully trial-produce the Soviet-made Jacques-18 primary trainer and MIG-15 in three to five years. The post-fighter project was changed to trial production of more advanced MIG-17 jet fighters. 1954, the first batch of aircraft and their engines in China were successfully trial-produced. Two years later, on September 8th, 1956, Shenyang Aircraft Factory successfully trial-produced China's first jet fighter М 5, namely μ иг-17Ф (MIG-17F), and was subsequently approved for mass production. China became one of the few countries in the world that could mass-produce jet planes at that time.

At the same time, the original MIG-17 new machine imported by the Air Force was handed over to the Air Force Shanghai 13 factory. The factory began to prepare for the trial repair of MIG-17 in July, 1959. This model has not been repaired in any domestic factory. In order to meet the needs of the repair task, the Party Committee of the Air Force approved the expansion of the Air Force 13 Factory, and the Engineering Department instructed the 13 Factory to develop from the original aircraft repair to the 1960 engine repair integrated factory. 1960 At the end of March, when the trial maintenance task of the first MIG-17 aircraft was about to be completed, due to the change of the situation, the Standing Committee of the Air Force Party Committee decided that the Shanghai Air Force 13 factory would not carry out capital construction in the future, because the airport could not be used for high-speed aircraft test flight. Therefore, the factory stopped the maintenance of two MiG-17 aircraft that had entered the factory that year. 1 961may, the air force engineering department gave the 13 factory a task in accordance with the instructions of Zhang Tingfa, chief of staff of the air force, requesting that the1MIG-17 aircraft be changed into a trainer. The factory started construction in August and completed the trial modification task in September, but it failed to continue due to the change of the situation.

Developed by Shen Fei Industrial Company, J-5 is a single-seat high subsonic jet fighter, which is mainly used for daytime interception and has certain ground attack capability. Ф 5 is an imitation of the Soviet MIG-17Ф fighter. MIG-17F 5 1 made its first flight in September and began mass production at the end of 52. The test pilot of the first flight was Wu Keming. At that time, 歼 5 was called Type 56, and it was renamed 歼 5 until 1964.

The picture above shows the first 歼 5. At that time, the number painting was different from the current painting. Trial production of/kloc-0 began in June, 1954, and the prototype made its first flight in July19. 13 J-5s were assembled with Soviet-made parts. 1July 3, 956, the final assembly of the first 歼 5 was completed. On September 8, the J-5 fighter was successfully trial-produced by Shenyang Aircraft Factory. After passing the national appraisal and acceptance, it can be mass-produced and delivered to the troops. On September 6th, at 438+00, the celebration meeting was held in Shenyang, attended by Marshal Nie. The turbojet -5 engine assembled for J -5 also passed the trial run in June of the same year and was put into mass production. China's aviation industry has since entered the jet era. By September of that year, 15, four domestic J-5 aircraft had been manufactured. These four planes attended the National Day ceremony of 1956. Production stopped in the second half of 1959, and 767 J-5s were produced, which strongly supported the construction of the People's Air Force.

Author: Jin Zhan Silver Plate 2007-9-113: 23 Reply to this speech.

Reply: China Air Force-J-5

The J -5 adopts the layout of single seat, single engine, nose intake and swept middle wing. The sweepback angle of the swept middle wing is 45, which is a double-beam structure. There is a retractable flap with controllable angle on the inside of the wing. The aileron deflection angle range is 65438 08. The landing gear compartment is located at the root of the wing, and the main landing gear is installed in two compartments of the wing. The all-metal semi-monocoque structure fuselage is a streamlined fuselage with a circular cross section, and the nose is used for air supply. The rear of the fuselage is equipped with a steerable speed brake. The vertical tail is divided into upper and lower sections, the lower section is fixed on the inclined frame of the rear fuselage, and the upper section is detachable. The sweep angle of the vertical tail is 55 41'. The rudder can be turned by 25. The horizontal tail has a sweepback angle of 45 and is installed at the top of the lower part of the vertical tail. The elevator can rotate 32 up and16 down. The first three-point landing gear was a single wheel. The front landing gear is installed in the wheel well at the lower part of the front fuselage, and the main landing gear is installed in the wing. The main landing gear is equipped with a buffer, and the front landing gear is equipped with a shock absorber and a shimmy damper. The main tire pressure is 8.34× 105 Pa (8.5 kg/cm2). The sealed single cockpit can throw away the hatch cover in an emergency, and the ejection seat can ensure the pilot to get off the plane quickly and safely in an emergency. The control system is hard-controlled. Aileron wings and elevator wings are electric. The hydraulic system is used to retract the landing gear, flaps, speed brake, adjustable nozzles and control ailerons. Air conditioning system is used for braking, sealing cockpit, emergency landing gear retraction and emergency braking.

Using turbojet -5 centrifugal afterburner turbojet engine, the static thrust is 2600 kg, and the afterburner thrust is 3380 kg. This engine is an imitation of VK- 1F engine of kerimov Design Bureau of Soviet Union, and VK- 1F engine is MIG-17 engine. 195 1 After the establishment of Aviation Industry Bureau, it began to organize engine production and learn the new production process data of Soviet jet engines. With the assistance of the Soviet Union, the patent manufacturing right of VK- 1F was introduced. From June 65438 to June 0956, Wu Daguan, a well-known domestic engine designer, and other teams successfully copied the turbojet -5 in Shenyang Aeroengine Factory (now "Shenyang Liming Machinery Company"). 1964 The production task was transferred to Xi 'an Hongqi Machinery Factory, and it was put into mass production in 66 years. The turbojet -5 afterburner thrust is 3380 kg, the maximum thrust is 2700 kg, the rated thrust is 2400 kg, and the cruise thrust is 2 1.60 kg. The fuel consumption in different states ranges from 2kg/kg/ hour to 1.05kg/ hour. The fuel in the engine is 1 170 kg, and two 400-liter auxiliary fuel tanks are externally connected.

Airborne equipment includes ultrashort wave command station, radio compass, radio altimeter, beacon receiver, friend or foe identifier, tail protector, range finder, etc.

The wing is a swept middle wing, and the aileron deflection angle range is 65438 08 degrees. Two 23- 1 type 23mm guns are installed on the lower left side of the nose, and 1 door 3 1 type 37mm guns are installed on the lower right side of the nose. The load is 200 rounds. The muzzle velocity of the 23- 1 machine gun is 680m/s and the firing rate is 800 rounds per minute. The types of bombs are air 23- 1, air 23- 1, air 23- 1, air 23- 1, self-training bombs. The 37- 1 model has an initial velocity of 690 m/s and a firing rate of 400 rounds per minute. Development started at 1954. At the beginning, due to the backward performance of the gun, there were subsequent models in the Soviet Union. In order to avoid waste, only a small amount of production was planned. Later, due to the increasing demand for J-5, 236 doors were finally produced and stopped production in 1959. Two bombs 100-250kg can be hung under the wing.

37 mm and 23 mm shells are quite powerful, but this does not make the whole weapon system more powerful than other advanced fighters at the same time. Like MiG-17 and MiG-15 and J-5, the muzzle velocity and trajectory of these two different caliber guns are very different, and the sight cannot be coordinated, so the calibration and debugging can only take the middle value. At 400 meters away, the impact point has been dispersed, of which 37 guns are inclined upward and 23 guns are inclined downward, so aiming and shooting operations are often correct, but shells are difficult. This defect can also be confirmed in the memoirs of American and Taiwan Province pilots. After summing up our experience, our army emphasized that the shooting distance should be compressed to less than 400 meters. Some pilots fire to ensure the hit, even approaching within 300 meters, but risk hitting the target or being hit by explosive debris! And the F-86, due to the good cooperation between six 12.7mm machine guns and the sight, can still shoot more accurately and densely at the distance of1000 m. In addition, the sight is well designed, so the firepower is not inferior in actual combat. Another problem is that the number of shells carried by the J-5 is far less than that of the F-86, and its sustained combat capability is slightly insufficient.

Author: Jin Zhan Silver Plate 2007-9-113: 25 Reply to this speech.

Reply: China Air Force-J 5.

歼 -5 has made many achievements, shooting down two F-84G and six F-86F from July 1958 to October 10. There are countless other examples. Interestingly, 1956 During the Vietnam War in April, four F-4s invaded the airspace of Hainan Island. In the process of intercepting our army 歼 -5, the F-4 hastily launched the AIM-7 "Sparrow" missile, but the J -5 evaded with a small turning radius, and the off-target AIM-7 actually flew to the distant F-4 and shot it down.

J -5 created a jet fighter for our army and laid the foundation for our army to control jet fighters.

1958 in September, 24 F-86s of Taiwan Air Force met with our army, and Wang Ziwei, an air force pilot, was besieged by 12 F-86s for falling behind. After Wang shot down two enemy F-86s single-handedly, he was shot down by the AIM-9 rattlesnake missile carried by the F-86. This is the first time in the world that air-to-air missiles have achieved success in actual combat. However, an AIM-9 launched by the F-86 did not explode that day, and it was discovered by our military and civilians after falling. This AIM-9 was sent to the Soviet Union. On this basis, the Soviet Union successfully developed the K- 13(AA-2) air-to-air missile. China imported an imitation Thunderbolt -2 air-to-air missile. However, in the historical materials of the National Revolutionary GAR-8, the course of the battle is roughly as follows: several F-86Fs of the Taiwan Air Force 1 1 Brigade achieved remarkable results over Wenzhou Bay, and shot down10MIG-17F, of which at least two were launched by Lieutenant Colonel Li Shuyuan and Captain Qian Yiqiang (AIM-). Most importantly, after the successful use of AIM-9 to shoot down the PLA fighters, all the participating pilots took a group photo as a souvenir, and no one was killed or injured. Whether this is true or not remains to be seen. The picture shows Wang Ziwei.

Author: Jin Zhan Silver Plate 2007-9-113: 25 Reply to this speech.

Reply: China Air Force-J 5.

J-5 Fleet of PLA

Author: Jin Zhan Silver Plate 2007-9-113: 26 Reply to this speech.

Reply: China Air Force-J-5

The pilot is talking next to the J-5-please pay attention to the Soviet military uniform with rank at that time.

Author: Jin Zhan Silver Plate 2007-9-113: 27 Reply to this speech.

Reply: China Air Force-J-5

Wingspan 9.60 meters

Captain11.36m.

The height of this machine is 3.80 meters.

The wing covers an area of 25.00 square meters.

The wing sweepback angle is 45 degrees.

The maximum takeoff weight is 6000 kg.

The normal takeoff weight is 5340 kg.

The maximum fuel weight is 1 170kg (in the engine) 1834kg (with auxiliary fuel tank).

The maximum load capacity is 2 130kg.

Maximum horizontal flight speed 1 145km/h (height 3000m).

Cruise speed is 800 km/h.

The maximum climb rate is 75.8m/s.

Service limit16000m

Maximum voyage 1560km (with auxiliary fuel tank) and 1020km (without auxiliary fuel tank).

Battery life is 2 hours and 50 minutes (with auxiliary fuel tank)

The main modifications of the J-5 include the J-5 A fighter, which is an improved night fighter based on the J-5 in China. In the early 1960s, the situation in the Taiwan Province Strait was tense, and American and Chiang Kai-shek planes P2V often invaded coastal provinces at low altitude at night for reconnaissance and harassment. Although China has some imported MIG-17PF night interceptors equipped with search and aiming radar, they cannot meet the urgent demand. Moreover, after the breakdown of Sino-Soviet relations, it has been impossible to import such aircraft. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a midnight war model based on J-5. This important task was handed over to Chengdu Aircraft Factory. 1960 Tujida, who was transferred to Cheng Fei factory in the spring, was appointed as the chief designer of the J -5A aircraft. The 歼 5 A has no design drawings and production materials, only two physical aircraft and a full set of 歼 5 drawings and tooling. The shape and structure of the aircraft are drawn strictly according to the physical object of the aircraft, but the strength calculation, external load calculation, static test task book and technical conditions are all made by themselves according to their own design methods. After the comprehensive mapping of the structure is completed, through analysis and comparison, it is found that 36 components including the wing and the rear fuselage are similar to those of the J-5, and there is no principle difference. After being reported to the superior for approval, use the J-5 drawing instead. Even so, the drawings designed by ourselves still account for 60% of the whole machine, and 50% of the 10,000 parts are different from the 歼 5. After 15 months' efforts, 1962+05 months completed a full set of design drawings and materials, and finally the 歼 5A was issued, and the comprehensive trial production work began. 1964165438+1October1,the "first child" of Chengdu Aircraft Factory-歼 5A flew into the sky for the first time. Sun Zhiyuan, Minister of the Third Machinery Department, happily praised: "The J -5 A is the engine of Chengdu Aircraft Factory."

Author: Jin Zhan Silver Plate 2007-9-113: 28 Reply to this speech.

Reply: China Air Force-J-5

The front fuselage of the aircraft is thick, and there is a shark beak radome at the upper end of the aircraft nose, which protrudes 3 13mm from the front edge of the air inlet, and a hemispherical antenna cone is installed in the air inlet. These two parts are made of nonmetallic materials with less hardness and painted with blue paint. Thanks to the simple RP search and aiming radar, the 歼 5 A has stronger night fighting capability than the prototype. The engine adopts turbojet -5 B with improved performance. However, improving the J -5A also has a certain cost. For example, the weapon system was changed to three HP-23 23 23mm cannons, with a total of 300 rounds of ammunition, slightly lower than the basic firepower. Two 250kg bombs can be externally hung. In the battle against the reconnaissance and refitting of the US B- 17G bomber, our military technicians improved the RP radar of the J -5A, changing the downward field of view from 14 to 7 degrees, and keeping the upward field of view unchanged, thus shielding the ground reflection clutter received by the radar when chasing the low-flying B- 17G. On May 29th, 1959, Jiang Zhelun, the captain of the interception brigade of the Air Force 18 Division, successfully shot down B- 17G with this modified fighter.

Author: Jin Zhan Silver Plate 2007-9-113: 29 Reply to this speech.

9 Reply: China Air Force-歼 5

In addition, a small number of retired J -5 s have been converted into unmanned drones, which may be code-named "Target Five B". At this point, China has become the third country with a "solid" UAV after the United States and the Soviet Union. The webmaster personally thinks that "physical size" may refer to a drone modified from an existing retired fighter.

Author: Jin Zhan Silver Plate 2007-9-113: 30 reply to this speech.

10 reply: China air force-歼 5.

"Target Five B" and 歼 7 unmanned aerial vehicle and Changkong No.1 unmanned aerial vehicle.

Author: Jin Zhan Silver Plate 2007-9-113: 31Reply to this speech.

1 1 Reply: China Air Force-歼 5.

A radar display of the J -5A can be seen in an exhibition hall in Guangzhou. After seeing the real J -5 A, the stationmaster was deeply impressed by the narrowness of Soviet weapons and the backwardness of ergonomics. It will be inconvenient for tall pilots to get in. Thanks to Frank Sonny for photography.

Author: Jin Zhan Silver Plate 2007-9-113: 31Reply to this speech.

12 reply: China air force-歼 5.

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13 reply: China air force-歼 5.

three

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14 reply: China air force-歼 5.

four

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15 reply: China air force-歼 5.

歼 5 details

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16 reply: China air force-歼 5.

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17 reply: China air force-歼 5.

歼 -5 improved unmanned attack aircraft

Author: Jin Zhan Silver Plate 2007-9-113: 34 Reply to this speech.

18 reply: China air force-歼 5.

This picture is said to have been bought by an American pilot and painted by the Soviet Union.

Author: Jin Zhan Silver Plate 2007-9-113: 34 Reply to this speech.

19 reply: China air force-歼 5.

Wingspan 9.60 meters

Captain11.36m.

The height of this machine is 3.80 meters.

The wing area is 22.6 square meters

The main rail is 3.85 meters.

The front main wheel track is 3.37m.

The maximum takeoff weight (with auxiliary fuel tank) is 6000 kg.

The normal takeoff weight is 5340 kg.

The normal landing weight is 4 164kg.

The empty weight is 3939 kg

Maximum fuel weight (in aircraft)1170kg

(with auxiliary fuel tank)1834kg

Maximum horizontal flight speed (altitude 3000m)1145km/h.

(height11000m) M0.994

Cruise speed is 800 km/h.

Stall speed190 ~ 210km/h

Service limit (no plug-in, afterburner)16000m.

Dynamic lifting limit 17500m

Climbing time (0 ~10000m) is 3.7 minutes.

The maximum climb rate is 4548m/min.

Maximum use overload 8g

Maximum voyage (with auxiliary fuel tank) 1560 km.

Maximum range (in-plane fuel)1020km.

Battery life (with auxiliary fuel tank) 2 hours and 50 minutes.

The takeoff speed from the ground is 235 km/h.

Landing speed170 ~190km/h.

The take-off taxiing distance is 590 meters.

The landing distance is 825 meters.

Author: Jin Zhan Silver Plate 2007-9-113: 35 Reply to this statement.

Reply: China Air Force-J-5

The picture below shows the MiG-17 collected by American aviation enthusiasts:

Author: Jin Zhan Silver Plate 2007-9-113: 38 Reply to this speech.

2 1 reply: China air force-歼 5.

Attachment: 歼 5 shot down the US F-4 fighter.

Author: Jin Zhan Yinban 2007-9-113: 40 reply to this speech.

Reply: China Air Force-J-5

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Author: Jinzhan Silver Plate 2007-9-1113