Brief introduction and detailed information of TV program production

Introduction to TV program production is mainly divided into three processes: planning topic selection, shooting and post-production.

Editing belongs to the post-production system of TV programs, which is mainly divided into two stages: early linear editing and currently popular nonlinear editing system:

Linear editing system

That is, tape-based electronic editing. Its fundamental feature is that the search and recording of materials must be carried out in chronological order, and it is necessary to go back and forth repeatedly to find materials, so it is troublesome, time-consuming, easy to damage tapes and lose image quality, and it also limits artistic creation ideas, requiring multi-person operation and coordination of various equipment. It has gone through three stages of development:

1. Physical editing: The first two-inch video recorder was produced by American Ampere Company in 1956, but the damage to the tape was permanent and the editing point was accurate.

2. Electronic editing: After 196 1 year, a one-to-one editing system appeared, but the accuracy was still not high enough.

3. Time code editing: 1967 was developed by American electronic engineering company, which is more accurate by using pre-volume, but the loss of signals on the tape caused by repeated copying cannot be completely avoided.

non-linear editing

It is a post-production system that uses digital storage media to edit digital audio and video. Has the following characteristics:

1 Supported by computer technology, it makes full use of the research results of digital processing technology, and transforms into the field of radio and television with low cost, high efficiency, high quality and endless effects, which has had a huge impact on the traditional linear editing process.

2. The so-called nonlinearity means that you can access any material at random, and it is not limited by the storage time of the material, and a set of nonlinear editing system can realize almost all the functions of linear editing equipment: taking a computer as a platform, cooperating with special image cards, video cards and sound cards, and using some special cards (such as subtitle cards and stunt cards). ) and high-speed hard disk (SCSI), and make TV programs with software as the control center.

3. Production process: firstly, the audio and video signals of video recorders and other signal sources are collected and converted into analog-to-digital (A/D) through video cards and sound cards, and then compressed in real time through hardware such as compression cards, and the compressed data streams are stored in high-speed hard disks. Then, use editing software to process the material and make it into pieces. Finally, the high-speed hard disk sends the data stream to the corresponding card for digital decompression and (D/A) conversion, and restores it to analog audio and video signals for recording on the magnetic tape.

Sound has rich expressive power, especially when it is combined with appropriate pictures, which often endows the pictures with authenticity. Sound is particularly important in the production of TV programs. The same sound combined with different pictures will produce different effects. The perfect creation of TV program sound can make the program effect reach a new realm and a new height, give people a perfect feeling of audio-visual art, thus deepening the audience's impression of the program and achieving the purpose of information transmission. The sound in TV programs includes three parts: one is TV commentary, the other is sound effect, and the third is music.

TV commentary

Commentary is an important part of TV programs, and good commentary can make TV programs icing on the cake. Its specific role is manifested in the following aspects:

1. TV programs can have complete narrative ability. Sometimes, some memories of the past and prospects for the future or the historical background of people's ideological activities or events can't be expressed by simple pictures. At this time, the application of commentary can make up for this defect, give the picture a clear meaning, and make the narrative of TV programs have complete narrative ability.

2. Conducive to the refinement and concentration of TV narrative. Sometimes it is absolutely impossible to describe a thing completely and film it from beginning to end. At this time, you can use commentary to express a lot of information in one sentence, and you can transfer time and space at once. In this way, TV pictures can win valuable time to express more important content, and make TV narrative more concise and concentrated.

3. It can make the picture more natural and real. Some pictures are neutral and have no sense of color, but with explanations, they can create a certain artistic conception and atmosphere, making the pictures real and natural.

4. It can overcome the limitations of the picture and reveal the deep theme. Television pictures are often powerless to inner, spiritual and abstract things. At this time, commentary can directly describe the pure spiritual world and reveal the deep meaning of things.

Television program sound

Audio refers to the general name of other sounds in TV sound except human voice and music. Television audio refers to the actual sound, which is all kinds of live sounds that people can hear in real life, including human voice and noise. Its main function is to enhance the sense of the scene and make the audience feel immersive. The function of sound can be summarized as follows:

1. Enhance the sense of scene and increase the atmosphere. The combination of live sound and pictures can improve the authenticity of the program and make the audience feel immersive.

2. Can arouse the audience's premonition. Play the sound of the picture before the next picture appears, so that the audience can feel the arrival of the next picture in advance.

3. Increase the off-screen space. Off-screen sound can represent a scene, which can make the program not only show what can be seen on the screen, but also include the spatial range outside the screen. If the picture is a close-up of the mother's sad expression, there is a sad cry of her child tortured by the enemy outside the picture, and the mother is heartbroken and fainted. Although the audience didn't see how the enemy beat the child, they could imagine the scene of the enemy beating the child from the child's crying and the mother's reaction. The indirect expression of this kind of sound can often achieve quite good results.

4. Coherent picture, help to change the picture. With sound as the background, queue pictures of different scenes can be connected in series. If the sound of the loudspeaker continues, the picture changes from the loudspeaker to the panoramic view of the auditorium, and the old people listen, then the young people listen, and then many farmers listen under the tree, connecting the shots of different scenes with the sound of the loudspeaker.

background music

The score refers to the music specially made for screen design, not the music contained in the sound. Music can enhance the appeal of the picture and language, help express feelings and make the picture more artistic. Background music has many functions:

1. Fill in the background blank. This is a kind of neutral music with little meaning, which is used to fill the background blank. For example, the gap in the voice and the disturbing pause in the dialogue have no intrinsic value, but they can enrich the hearing space and the monotonous picture due to the lack of background sound.

2. Arouse memories and associations. Background music can create the effect of combining sound with pictures with the help of visual factors, which makes the audience's memories and associations have obvious origins, and produces contrast and reverie through the connection between past content and immediate content.

3. Help your mood plummet. When people's mood changes sharply, if music corresponding to the mood after the mutation appears, the mood change can be more prominent and obvious, and the inner world of people can be well expressed.

4. Help switch pictures. In a group of shots made by visual montage structure mode, background music can also connect visually incoherent shots to provide a transition for visual changes.

5. beautify. A beautiful picture, with poetic explanation and appropriate music, will become even better.

The reason why sound can become an important part of TV audio-visual art is determined by human physiological factors. Therefore, in order to make the program popular with the audience, it is necessary to design and arrange the sound in a unified way according to the needs of the program content, and treat and deal with the factors such as explanation, sound and music differently in the compilation process according to the facts of TV programs. Generally speaking, deduction, acoustics and musical performance can also appear at the same time, but they can't go their own way and interfere with each other. Only in this way can sound play a full role in TV programs and make TV programs more perfect.

Introduction to this book: Xie Yi, editor-in-chief.

Press: Jinan University Press

Release time: 200 1-9- 1

Version: 1

Number of pages: 34 pages

Page number: 16 Page number

Industrial and commercial bank number: 97878 1 1350449

Packing: paperback

Category: Books >> Social Sciences >> News Dissemination and Publishing

In recent years, with the rapid development of social economy in China, the TV industry has changed rapidly, especially in the aspect of TV equipment. In view of this change, the original book can no longer meet the needs of society and teaching, so the third edition is revised. On the basis of keeping the overall structure and outline basically unchanged, the book adds the popular virtual studio technology in recent years and omits the introduction of the gradually eliminated analog equipment.

TV Program Production pays attention to the combination of basic knowledge and practical application. On the basis of systematic introduction of relevant theories, this paper introduces in detail the specific process, personnel and equipment related elements of TV program production. The book is divided into twelve chapters, namely, TV program production overview, TV camera technology foundation, TV program photography, TV camera composition, video recorder technology foundation, editing machine, video switcher, nonlinear editing system, TV audio equipment, TV language and TV program editing. This book can be used not only as a teaching material for related majors in colleges and universities, but also as a reference book for TV workers and readers who want to know about TV work.

Directory guide: watch TV today from live TV news programs

1 summary of TV program production

The development of TV technology and the quality requirements of TV workers.

1.2 Evolution and classification of TV programs and their production methods

1.3 composition and responsibilities of program producers

1.4 main equipment for program production

Three stages of 1.5 programming

1.6 production and broadcasting of TV news programs

2 TV camera technology foundation

2. 1 Basic structure and working principle of TV camera

2.2 Classification and main performance of TV cameras

2.3 Basic operation of TV camera

2.4 NV-M9000EN camera operation and adjustment

2.5 Operation and Adjustment of Panasonic ag-dvc 180amc Camera

2.6 operation and adjustment of DSRPD150p (190p) camera

3 photography of TV programs

3. 1 observation and photography

3.2 Determination of the spatial position of the camera

3.3 Holding mode of camera and use of fixed equipment

3.4 the basic way of television photography

3.5 Technical Requirements for Television Photography

3.6 Control of picture definition

4 TV camera composition

4. 1 The meaning of composition in TV photography

4.2 Characteristics of TV Photographic Composition

4.3 the components of television photography

4.4 TV photography composition skills

5 TV camera lights

5. 1 Classification and characteristics of light sources

5.2 Use of natural light

5.3 Use of artificial light

6 video technology foundation

6. 1 video recorder overview

6.2 Basic principle and composition of video recorder

6.3 Operation of Video Recorder SR-S368

6.4 DSR 1 1 video recorder

6.5 DSR 1800 p video recorder

7 editing machine

7. 1 Overview of electronic editing

7.2 Operation of electronic editing

7.3 Introduction of RM-G800U Electronic Editing Remote Controller

8 video switcher

8. The concept and classification of1video switcher

8.2 Analog video switcher

8.3 Digital Video Switcher

8.4 MX- 1 digital video switcher

8.5 TV subtitle machine

8.6 Virtual Studio Technology

8.7 Zhongke Dayang MagicSet System

9 nonlinear editing system

9. 1 Development of TV editing technology

9.2 The concept and characteristics of nonlinear editing

9.3 Classification and Composition of Nonlinear Editing System

9.4 Functions of Nonlinear Editing System

9.5 Introduction to Dayang D3-Edit Series

10 TV audio equipment

10. 1 microphone

10.2 mixer

Synthesis of 10.3 TV audio system

1 1 TV language

1 1. 1 TV picture language

1 1.2 TV sound language

12 TV program editor

12. 1 summary of TV program editing

12.2 basic knowledge of TV program editing technology

12.3 basic theory of TV program editing

12.4 the application of TV program editing skills