What should I pay attention to when traveling in Qinghai?

Foreign tourists must pay attention to the following three points when traveling to Qinghai Lake:

1. Qinghai's non-provincial capital cities have short working hours. Don't use mainland standards to predict the business hours of pharmacies and hospitals, and leave enough room for purchasing medicines in Xining in advance.

2. Tibetan butter tea and other foods are not suitable for mainlanders' stomachs and cannot be eaten more. There is a local custom that an empty butter tea bowl will be refilled. Therefore, it is suggested to always keep two-thirds of buttered tea in bowls, which will not hurt the feelings of Tibetans, but also protect themselves. It is recommended to carry antidiarrheal drugs such as berberine.

If you live in a Tibetan tent, you must pay attention to moistureproof. There should be a moisture barrier between the bed and the ground. If there is no professional moistureproof, you can use plastic sheets instead.

In addition to the above three points, let's take a look at Bian Xiao's Qinghai tourism notice.

First, etiquette and taboos

1, Mosque visit etiquette: Mosques generally do not welcome non-Muslims to visit during worship hours, but Muslim worship is really worth seeing. You should ask permission before you can visit and take pictures. The best way is to find a Muslim to take you in, and then he will arrange for you to watch. When visiting a mosque, you should pay special attention to hygiene. You should not spit, litter, smoke, sing or shout, and keep a solemn atmosphere. Generally speaking, you can't just visit the bride. If you want to enter, you have to get the permission of the imam and the imam, and you can only enter if you take off your shoes. You can't read classics.

2. Etiquette for visiting Buddhist temples: Traveling to Buddhist temples is not as strict as that of mosques, but it should be civilized. Don't touch Buddha statues, Buddhist scriptures, murals, utensils, etc. Use your hands in a Buddhist temple, let alone cross it from above. Don't walk up and down in front of monks when they get together to recite scriptures. Generally speaking, you can't point at the Buddha statue, make comments and make noise when visiting. You can't take pictures without the permission of the management. When turning the wheel or burning incense to worship Buddha, it should be clockwise from left to right, which is irreversible. Generally, don't touch the hats of Tibetans and monks, and don't throw paper printed in Tibetan, let alone use it as toilet paper. Stones engraved with Tibetan should be kept in a clean place, and they should not be bumped or broken. If you are a Buddhist, when you enter a Buddhist temple, take off your hat, put your hands together and raise them to your forehead to show your piety; If you give alms in front of the Buddha statue, you will get generous care from the management.

The Tibetan government and tourism agencies do not encourage tourists to watch celestial burial. Tibetans, especially the families of the deceased, don't want the Han people to see it. This is a national habit and human nature. If you take pictures or photography, it will cause great trouble, so you must get the permission of your family before you can see it, but try not to take pictures. Please respect your words and deeds if you have the opportunity to meet.

4. In Tibetan areas, you will occasionally see cattle and sheep hanging with red, yellow and green cloth labels wandering in the countryside, so don't drive or hurt them at will. That was a sacrifice to people in Xizang. Don't aim a shotgun at a vulture. Tibetans are afraid of hurting their sacred birds.

5. Don't enter the temple without permission, and don't smoke after entering the temple. It's no problem to see the things in the temple. Don't touch Buddha statues, scriptures or take photos without authorization. Some places can't travel counterclockwise. Some secret temples are off limits to women.

6. When stepping into Tibetan tents and offices, don't step on the threshold with your feet, and don't spit in front of others.

7. Tibetans stick out their tongues to show respect, not ridicule; Folding is a kind of etiquette.

8. Offering Hada: Hada is an essential part of Tibetan daily salute. Offering Hada is a courtesy used by Tibetan herdsmen in welcoming guests and daily communication. When offering Hada, the host held Hada with open hands, sang auspicious greetings or hymns, exaggerated the atmosphere of respect, and turned Hada's folded mouth to accept Hada's guests. Guests should stand up and face the toaster, listen attentively to the toast and accept the toast. When accepting Hada, the guest should lean forward slightly and let the person who sent Hada hang Hada around his neck. Guests should put their hands and palms on their chests to express their gratitude to those who offer Hada.

9. Etiquette in Tibetan life: The content of taboos among different ethnic groups in Qinghai is quite different. People of all ethnic groups have a strong religious consciousness, especially those believers who are spotless and lead a strict religious life. They cannot show contempt or distrust, or ask questions and ask questions, which will cause disgust. Tibetans are deeply influenced by religion, so there are many taboos in life. Do not eat animals with round hoofs and claws, such as mules, horses, donkeys, dogs, cats, eagles, crows, etc. When entering the tent, enter in the form of male left and female right, and sit in the order of male left and female right. After sitting down, you can't stagger, your legs can't stretch out in the direction of the Buddha and the old man, you can't smoke or light candles on the butter lamps for offering Buddha, you must keep clean in front of the Buddha, you can't take water from the jar with your own utensils, you can't straddle the clothes of your loved ones, you can't deliberately beat dogs, you can't shoot vultures and eagles with guns, you can't urinate in the barn, you can't fart in front of everyone, you can't walk into the tent and in general, you must be graceful when you enter the tent. Although you don't understand the language, you can show your thumbs up to praise your host. This is the beginning of establishing a harmonious relationship with the host.

10. Etiquette in Hui life: Taboos of Hui and Salar are deeply influenced by Islam. I don't eat pork, the meat of dogs, horses, mules, donkeys and other animals that don't ruminate, and I don't eat the blood of all animals. Anyone who slaughters livestock must ask the imam or the elderly to slaughter according to religious rules. Any meat slaughtered by foreign teachers or incorruptible laymen is regarded as unclean. Smoking and drinking are prohibited. Turks also don't eat mules, horses and donkey meat. They don't want others to pee in the barn and sit on the kang. They don't want to sit on their host's pillows and quilts. No one is allowed to come to the house within one month after giving birth. They don't want to walk in front of their elders in irregular women. They don't want to go out to do business in the morning and touch empty barrels and unclean things.

Secondly, about accommodation.

1. If you live in a Tibetan tent, you must pay attention to moistureproof, and there should be a moistureproof barrier between the bed and the ground. If there is no professional damp-proof pad, plastic sheets can be used instead.

If you live in a Muslim family, don't enter the kitchen without permission. Muslim kitchens generally do not welcome non-Muslims to visit, and do not enter the owner's room, especially the hostess's room. Don't make a fuss about the different status and division of labor between men and women in Muslim families and the mainland. Don't touch religious objects. In Muslim families, the diet should meet halal standards.

Third, about shopping.

1. There are many lawless people selling Tibetan knives near Ta 'er Temple. They often gather at the entrance of the temple to intimidate tourists into buying their knives and other items. When they meet these people, don't show any interest in their goods, don't stop to watch, but go to the shops on both sides of the street to buy what they need. This situation also exists in some other tourist spots, which requires special care.

It is suggested to buy enough film, batteries, food and medicine before leaving for other scenic spots. Few other cities in Qinghai have a complete supply of this commodity, and even if there is one, it is very expensive.

3. Golmud and other non-provincial capital cities have short working hours. Don't use mainland standards to predict the business hours of shops, hospitals, etc. , and leave enough advance.

4. Don't buy any furs of wild animals, horns of wild Tibetan antelopes, skulls of wild yaks, etc. In Qinghai and Tibet. This is tantamount to supporting the increasingly rampant poaching of wild animals in Qinghai-Tibet region. In fact, if you are found carrying these items when you leave the local area, you are likely to face great trouble yourself.

Fourth, about traffic.

1. There is public-private competition in public transportation in all parts of Qinghai. Private routes are often faster and cheaper, and there is often room for bargaining.

There are few buses in some inaccessible areas, so you can consider taking a ride. Sometimes taking a ride, cigarettes can solve the problem more than money. Pay attention to find more reliable vehicles such as military vehicles and postal vehicles.

3. The road from Xunhua to Tianchi, Mengda is extremely difficult and dangerous. If you charter a car, be sure to find a driver who really has experience in this road, otherwise it may be very dangerous.

Five, prepare items before departure

1, there is less oxygen at high altitude, so it is better to smoke less and breathe more air. Be careful not to catch a cold before entering Tibet. If you catch a cold, you'd better postpone entering Tibet, because it is not easy to recover from a cold at high altitude, and it will also cause complications such as pulmonary edema. Therefore, it is very necessary to prepare some cold medicine and gastrointestinal medicine.

2. The climatic characteristics of Qinghai (minority areas) and Tibet are dryness, lack of oxygen and low pressure. Therefore, carrying some nasal ointment and throat tablets with you before entering Tibet can relieve the discomfort of nose and throat caused by dryness.

3. Due to the strong ultraviolet radiation in the plateau area, it is estimated that the annual average radiation value is between 5000 and 8000 MJ per square meter, so it is appropriate to bring a sun hat, sunglasses and sunscreen oil.

Most people will have altitude sickness when climbing above 2000m above sea level. People who are weak will prepare oxygen bags before entering Tibet in case of emergency. Personal items: sunglasses, sunscreen, sweatpants, down jackets, sneakers, flashlights, rain gear, daily washing supplies.

Six, high altitude hypoxia reaction and its prevention and control measures

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has a low pressure because of its high altitude and thin air. The plateau climate is characterized by hypoxia, low temperature, strong solar radiation, large daily temperature difference, strong wind and dryness. Tourists who come to the plateau from low altitude areas have exceeded the limit of normal people's automatic adjustment because of the rapid change of climate. At an altitude of over 4000m, about 60%- 1 000% people have acute hypoxia reaction or disease, and the common symptoms are headache, dizziness, palpitation, shortness of breath, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, abdominal distension, chest tightness, chest pain and fatigue. In an emergency, blood pressure rises, the heart beats faster, and even coma occurs. Some people are extremely excited, talkative, unstable in gait, hallucinating, insomnia and so on.

Symptoms caused by altitude hypoxia are medically called altitude disorder. Some are temporary, as long as you adapt to a period of time or leave the plateau environment, human functions will return to normal, and some are long-term. According to the research, the altitude below 3000 meters is generally asymptomatic, and 3000 meters is the critical height of the reaction. Climatic characteristics (air pressure, temperature, solar radiation, etc.). ) is different from that on the low plains. Tourists must make a series of adjustments to adapt to this new environment. A series of hypoxia symptoms can be produced between 3000-5000 meters above sea level, but most of them are not life-threatening; 5000 meters above sea level is the critical height of obstacles "; At an altitude of 5,000-7,000 meters, the body cannot be fully compensated; 7000 meters above sea level is a dangerous critical height; The body above 7000 meters above sea level can't be compensated, and it is a mountain death zone. However, there are exceptions. Some people can't adapt completely at an altitude of 2000-3000 meters, and there are different degrees of altitude hypoxia reactions. Mountaineers can still climb a mountain with a load of more than 7000 meters.

About 60% of Qinghai Province is above 4000m, 25% is between 3000m-4000m, and only 15% is below 3000m. Therefore, it is very necessary for tourists going to Qinghai Plateau to make necessary medical care and physical hygiene preparations.

(1) Visitors entering the plateau from low altitude areas must undergo a comprehensive and strict physical examination. Anyone with serious heart, kidney and lung diseases has high blood pressure! /kloc-patients with severe liver disease and anemia over 0/8 years old are not allowed to venture to travel to the plateau. If you only suffer from common diseases, you must take preventive measures in advance, such as carrying oxygen and drugs with you. Those who have convulsions, severe headaches or coma tendency after entering a certain altitude area should not go to higher areas. In tourist accommodation and scenic spots above 3000 meters above sea level, or in coaches, there should be health care measures for plateau tourism, supplying oxygen and essential drugs to prevent accidents.

(2) Do a good job in the publicity and education of physical health, so that tourists have sufficient ideological and material preparation, establish the determination and confidence to overcome altitude sickness, and eliminate unnecessary mental fears. Generally speaking, you can gradually adapt to the plateau environment in about two or three days, or as many as five to seven days. Symptoms of hypoxia such as chest tightness, shortness of breath and dyspnea will disappear or be greatly improved. Some people use oxygen inhalation to relieve plateau discomfort, which helps to temporarily relieve discomfort, but after stopping oxygen inhalation, discomfort will reappear, delaying the time to adapt to the plateau environment. If the symptoms of hypoxia are not serious, it is best not to take oxygen during quiet rest, so as to adapt to the plateau environment as soon as possible and obtain the ideal tourism effect.

(3) adaptive exercise. Before traveling to the plateau, we should carry out sports activities such as climbing mountains, running, playing ball, carrying loads and marching, which can play a positive role in adapting to the anoxic environment. At the beginning of entering the plateau, activities should not be too intense, such as rushing to March, running, manual labor and so on. The temperature in the plateau is low and changes rapidly with the temperature. It is necessary to change clothes in time, do a good job of keeping warm from the cold, and prevent colds due to freezing. Cold is one of the main causes of acute high altitude pulmonary edema.

(4) Adjusting life during plateau tourism. Food should be digestible, nutritious, high in sugar content and contain multiple vitamins. Eat more fruits and vegetables and don't overeat, so as not to increase the burden on the digestive organs. It is forbidden to drink alcohol to avoid increasing oxygen consumption. When sleeping, the pillow should be padded higher, and the semi-lying posture is the best.

(5) Drug prevention and treatment. In order to improve the body's tolerance to hypoxia and reduce the incidence of mountain sickness, the main drugs are: compound Radix Codonopsis tablets, compound Radix Astragali and Poria, aptamer, acetanilide, diuretic sulfanilamide, spironolactone, central nervous system stimulants, inhibitors, thiosemicarbazone, nutrients and metabolic hormone preparations.

After entering the plateau, the symptoms of altitude maladjustment became more and more serious. Even people who are at rest are very obvious, so they should take oxygen immediately and send it to the hospital to prevent the adverse consequences of acute high altitude pulmonary edema.