How to be an excellent photographer? ppt

If you want to be an excellent reporter, you must first learn to interview, and then write real news reports and publish them in time, so that the public can know the good deeds, new things and unexpected things happening around them in time. ...

When the incident occurs, we should rush to the scene in time, interview the relevant parties, understand the cause and process of the incident, interview the witnesses at the scene and the heads of relevant government departments who came to deal with the incident. Observe carefully.

Writing news reports should grasp six elements of news: time, place, what event, why, how and who, that is, five W's and one H's.

Then when writing news reports, we must report objectively, truly, meticulously and promptly.

I think I can do the above, and with my own serious efforts, we can all become excellent campus reporters.

How to be a small reporter

To be a good reporter, we must first cultivate news sensitivity.

Many students envy the profession of journalist, and they also want to be a young journalist, so that their articles and photos can be published in newspapers and seen by classmates, teachers and parents. How proud you'll be. However, it is not easy to be a young reporter, and journalists have great responsibilities. His article must stand the scrutiny of millions of readers and cannot make any mistakes. Therefore, if you have this beautiful wish, you should work hard from now on to understand the responsibilities and conditions of being a reporter, cultivate your news awareness and gradually improve your quality. Only in this way can you grow from a small reporter today to a real reporter.

First of all, what is news:

1, the definition of news-news refers to "the report of recent facts". There are three meanings here.

(1) "Recently happened" refers to the time when news happened. Generally speaking, the latest news, the better.

(2) "Fact" is the logical starting point of news writing. The biggest feature of news is that it can't be made up by telling facts.

(3) "Reporting" refers to choosing a suitable news genre and spreading it through mass media.

The above three aspects are the basic contents of the definition of news, and none of them can constitute news. As a young journalist, because of the limitation of age and campus environment, the content of the report is often the news that happened on campus, which is the news that most students care about. Some people call such news campus news.

2. News-Several writing genres of news genre include news, communication, letters and visits, features, comments, news comments, news photography, etc.

Second, the basic elements and writing characteristics of news:

Simply put, the elements of news are five W's and one H's. When, where, who, why and how. The characteristics of listening and writing can be summarized in six words: truth, novelty, strangeness, simplicity, precision and depth.

Third, the characteristics of news writing:

1, authenticity-the authenticity of the news, this is the most important thing. Some students always make up some plots or imitate other people's articles when writing compositions. If you reluctantly allow it when writing a composition, it is a news taboo. Absolutely not. The news requirements are absolutely true.

2, new-two meanings, one refers to the new things that have just happened; Second, it refers to a new perspective on old things and the new content revealed by this perspective.

3, odd-refers to the special. Find different places, for example, we report more general school news, which makes people tired of watching and listening. Then can you report how students in special schools, such as blind schools, mentally handicapped schools and deaf schools, live and study? Their ideological and academic achievements; What their teacher did for them; Their happiness and pain, etc.

4, short-refers to the length of the article to be short, requiring to grasp the main features, focused, concise.

5, refinement-refers to the article language refinement, no nonsense, don't describe where you don't need to describe, don't explain where you don't need to explain, don't say two words in a word, and use a few sentences less if you can express it in one word.

6. Depth-refers to the depth of the problems revealed in the manuscript. The depth and value of a news report depends on the extent to which journalists reflect the essence of things through information. When learning to write, young journalists should observe and think more, and on the basis of gradual improvement, write some good news with certain depth that can attract people's attention.

Four, several methods of news:

1, observation method-as a small reporter, you should have a pair of "news eyes". Every place should pay attention to the surrounding environment, people and things, see if there are any differences or changes, and then judge whether there is any news after thinking and analyzing.

2, listening method-as a small reporter, you must have a pair of "news ears." Besides watching TV and listening to the radio every day, we should also pay attention to the conversations of teachers, classmates and family members, and sometimes we can dig out some news that reflects the people's ideological trends from their conversations.

3, investigation method-as a small reporter, you should learn to investigate. Investigation is a means, not an end. The purpose of the survey is to know what students are thinking, caring about, hot topics, wishes, pursuits, joys and sorrows, what they are most interested in and so on. Before the investigation, we can make an investigation outline, go deep into the students purposefully, and carry out various forms of investigation activities to obtain first-hand materials.

4, mining method-there are two situations, one is the original news, or mining potential news, from a small news, after in-depth understanding, come up with a big news. Second, I didn't find any news clues from discussions or interviews. By digging deep, I dug up an influential news.

5, tracking method-here refers to seize a news clue, follow-up interview, continuous reporting. Such reports are more complete and substantial, and sometimes attract readers.

6. Pioneering method-literally means opening up new fields, and it can also be understood as choosing a new angle. In a word, we should break through the original framework or model and make our coverage wider and wider, mainly targeting young journalists who have some experience.

7. Make friends-As a young reporter, you should make as many friends as possible, so that you can learn a lot about people and things beyond your age through the interaction between friends.

8. Reading method-some people call it data collection method, that is, in the process of reading newspapers, listening to the radio and collecting data, you draw inferences from the news in Mo Yi in the newspaper and are attracted or interested by what happened in Mo Yi around you, and write news through interviews; Sometimes you can remember the relevant things clearly without an interview.

The above lists eight ways to get news clues. Of course, there are not only these eight kinds, but also some examples. But for a small reporter, if you can learn these eight kinds and apply them to your own practice, I believe you won't feel that there is no news around you, and you won't feel that there is nothing to write or that you don't know what to write. As long as you are diligent, you will always find news clues and write good articles.

Five, how to cultivate their own news sensitivity:

1, national affairs 2, attention to small things around us 3, use your brains and think hard 4, learn to grasp the "news eye" 5, learn to use news clues 6, news is "running" 7, learn to dig news 8, and news also needs planning.

6. To be a good reporter, you should learn how to cover news.

(1) The characteristics of interview-interview is the basis of writing. Journalists are like buyers in factories. They have to "purchase" a large number of high-quality "raw materials"-news materials from the society, and only after "processing"-writing can they produce "products-press releases".

(2) Interview is time-limited-news reports should be timely and accurate, so timeliness is particularly emphasized, and tasks such as interview, writing and publication are required to be completed within the time limit. If the deadline is reached, the times have changed, and what everyone knows can no longer be called "news".

(3) There is a clear purpose-the reporter's interview is around the center of news reports, collecting and interviewing relevant personnel, and its purpose is very clear.

Seven, interview method:

1, "one-on-one" method-"one-on-one" interview is a necessary "conventional weapon" for journalists. Its advantages are obvious: (1) Journalists can get the required news materials from the interviewees quickly and directly.

The reporter can ask questions at any time, and the conversation is more in-depth and specific.

3. "One-to-many" interview-one reporter interviews multiple subjects, which has the advantages of: (1) collecting more news materials; (2) It is easier for several interviewees to receive reporters together, and the atmosphere is easy to be harmonious.

4, "many-to-one" interview-many small reporters interview a person. Its advantages are: (1) Several students interview together, which helps to overcome the nervousness during the interview and make the atmosphere relaxed and happy. (2) It is beneficial to supplement each other's questions, notes and real and comprehensive materials.

Eight, careful preparation before the interview:

1, reporting ideas are clear

2. Understand the basic information of the interviewer.

3. Interview outline;

Example:

Interview Outline of "Hand in Hand Global Village" Large-scale Public Welfare Activities

1, reporting ideas:

Through interviews with the activities, the typical deeds of students in the activities are reported, and the ideological realm of students caring for society and caring for the environment is expressed.

2. Interview sequence:

Step 1: Interview the organizer of "Hand in Hand Global Village"-get background information. (1) Is this the first time to hold this kind of activity? (2) Why did you hold this activity? (3) What is the way and content of the activity?

Step 2: Interview several students who have participated in the "Hand in Hand Global Village" activity-get on-site information.

How to participate in this activity? (2) What are your gains and feelings? (3) What to do in the future?

Step 3: Interview some leaders who participated in the activities on the spot-deepen the thinking of reporting. (1) What's the point of holding such an event? (2) How does the whole society participate in environmental protection actions?

3. Interview time:

(1) The interview organizer completed the first step in half a day;

(2) Spend another half day interviewing classmates and leaders at the activity site to complete the second and third steps.

4. Press release type: communication

5. Writing time: * * two days.

(1) Take notes: one day

(2) Write a press release: one day

In this way, the little reporter can publish on the third day of the activity, which ensures the timely publication of the manuscript.

4. Interview items:

(1) Certificate category: "Young journalist card" or "Young journalist card" is a valid certificate for young journalists to interview.

(2) Outline: This is the "road map" of our interview activities, which will guide us to interview step by step in an orderly manner.

(3) Interview package: The interview package is a special package that small reporters carry when interviewing. What should I put in it? Pens and interviews are of course indispensable. You can bring a tape recorder or an interview machine if you have the conditions, and you can bring a camera if you like photography.

Nine, the interview should be devoted.

(A) quickly enter the role:

(1) When interviewing elders, be direct and polite.

(2) When interviewing peers, be lively and friendly, which will adjust the atmosphere.

(2) Asking questions is the key:

1, four ways to ask questions:

(1) Face-to-face question: When asking questions, come straight to the point and don't beat around the bush. This is the face-to-face problem.

(2) Ask questions:-If you can't get a good answer by asking questions directly, you can use the method of asking questions to help the interviewee recall and associate, and ask real and specific news materials.

(3) Negative questions:-Sometimes, the interviewee will be unwilling to be interviewed by reporters, some are too modest to talk about it, some are afraid to talk about it because they have ideas, and so on. In these cases, the reporter can take a negative way of asking questions to stimulate the interviewees, arouse their interest and make them change from "I want to talk" to "I want to talk".

(4) Questioning: that is, according to a plot, an event or other materials answered by the interviewee, closely follow the theme and dig out the most authentic news material layer by layer.

2. Matters needing attention when asking questions:

(1) Ask one question at a time.

(2) Ask short questions, not long ones.

(3) Ask "Why"

Asking questions is the key to the interview, and the methods and skills are not difficult to master. As long as we are good at studying, practicing and summarizing, we can develop a sensitive "news brain", open the "chatterbox" of the interviewee, and dig out the information and materials we want to know, thus improving the interview quality.

Ten, take notes on the spot:

1. Notes -( 1) main points. (2) remember the questions. (3) Record the characteristics and personal language of the interviewee. (4) Record the observed scene. (5) Remember your own ideas.

Eleven, after the interview should be timely finishing:

1, natural appearance, neat dress.

2. Be good at listening and communicating.

3. Eliminate interference and concentrate: (1) Pay attention to eye contact. (2) Learn not to be interrupted by interference

think

Twelve, after the interview should be timely finishing:

1, organize in time:-As soon as the interview is over, we should seize the most impressive "golden time to remember" and organize the records immediately.

2. Organize content:-Organize notes, record and verify materials.

3. Give full play to the role of notes:-Write good news and accumulate new information.

It is suggested that students who want to learn the knowledge of small reporters go to the local bookstore to buy the book How to Be a Small Reporter edited by Popular Science Press, Zhu Bingchang and Zhou, so as to learn the knowledge of small reporters better and more systematically.