I want to know the story of Zhuge Liang outside the Three Kingdoms.

The reflection, Shu Shu and Zhuge Liang's biography

Zhuge Liang's word is Kongming, and Langya Yang Du is also a human being. Zhuge Feng, a captain transferred from the Han Dynasty, is also a queen. Father Gui, word, Taishan County Cheng at the end of Han Dynasty. Liang was lonely in his early years, and he was declared the prefect of Yuan Shu Department from his father. Xuan Jiang and Liang's brother were both officers. In the Han Dynasty, Zhu Hao was chosen as Xuanzong. Su Xuan and Jingzhou Liu Mu are both old, so we should follow their example. When Xuanzu was proclaimed, Ming Gong devoted himself to cultivation, and he was good at "Fu Liangyin". He is eight feet long, and every time he compares himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi, he is incomparable. Cui and Yingchuan of Boling are straightforward and bright, friendly and honest.

Be the first master to station a new field. When Xu Shu met the first master, he took care of the equipment first and said that the first master said,' Wolong Zhu Gekongming, would you like to meet the general?' The late Lord said, "Come with me." Shu Yue: "This man can be seen, but he can't be wronged. The general should be in charge. "Because of this, I will see you every three times. Because the screen man said,' The Han Dynasty is dead, the traitor stole his life, and the Lord was covered with dust. Lonely, I want to believe that the righteousness is above the world, and my wisdom is short, so I use it. As for today. However, the ambition is not over yet, and you said that the plan will come out? Liang Dao said, "Since Dong Zhuo came, there have been many heroes, and countless people have crossed the state and even joined the county. "。 Compared with Yuan Shao, Cao Cao is less famous and has fewer people. However, Cao overcame salt and took the weak as the strong, which was not only the right time, but also the right place. Today, millions of Cao Cao are vassals with the emperor. This sincerity is indisputable. According to Sun Quan, he lived in Jiangdong for three generations, and the country was in danger of the people. He can use it. It can be used for aid, but not for profit. Jingzhou is bordered by Han and Mian in the north, benefiting from it; it is connected with Tongba and Shu in the east and adjacent to it in the west. This is a martial arts country, but its owner can't keep it. This is almost heaven, so it is a general. Does the general care? Yizhou is a dangerous place, fertile land is thousands of miles away, and the land of abundance makes Gaozu emperor. Liu Zhang is weak, Zhang Lu is in the north, the people are rich but don't know how to keep shirts, and the wise think of the wise. As a general, you are the emperor's palace, loyal to the monarch, commanding heroes, and thirsty for thinking of the wise. If you cross the Jing and benefit, you can defend your rock. If you cross the Rong in the west and the Yi in the south, you can make friends with Sun Quan outside. When the world changes, the Jingzhou army will turn to Wan and Luo, and the general will lead Yizhou people out of Qinchuan. How dare the people not? If this is the case, the hegemony can be reached and the Han family can flourish. "The late Lord said,' good. So I got very close to Liang Qing. Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others were unhappy, and the late master explained:' There is a hole in the sky alone, and there is water in the fish. May you say nothing more. "Feather son, flying is the only way.

Liu Biao's eldest son, Qi, is also deeply aware of the important principle. I love my little son, but I am not happy with Qi. Every time qi wants to work with Liang for self-protection, Liang needs to refuse to stop him, and he can't get along for a day. Qi Nai will patrol the backyard with bright lights, and * * * will go up the tall building, and between the banquets, people will go up the ladder, because he said,' Today is not heaven, not the ground. Words come out of my mouth and into my ears. "May I say," Liang replied, "you don't see danger, but it's safe outside? Qi Yi felt that Yin Gui had exercised. Huang Zu was killed in battle, so he became the prefect of Jiangxia. I heard that Tsao Gong was coming to levy, so I sent messengers to surrender. The late Master Fan led his troops south to Xu Shu, and was chased by Tsao Kung, who got his concubine. When I said goodbye to my predecessor, I pointed to his heart and said, "I want to solve Wang Ba's affairs with the general, so I can occupy this square inch. Now that I have lost my mother, I am in a mess. It's no use. Please say goodbye from now on. "Therefore, tso.

As for Xiakou, the late Lord said,' It's urgent. Please order General Sun for help. The right to support the army in Chaisang is waiting to see if it can succeed. Liang Quan said,' There was a sea chaos, and the general set out for Jiangdong, and Liu Yuzhou also took over the whole territory of Hannan, competing with Cao Cao for the world. Today, the defeat of barbarians is a great disaster, and it is a little flat, so Jingzhou is broken and the world is awesome. Heroes are useless, so Yuzhou fled here. The general does what he can: if he can compete with China with the people of wuyue, he might as well stop early; If you can't do it, why not put the case in the north! Nowadays, the general is hesitant in the name of submission. It never rains but it pours! Quan said, "Why didn't Liu Yuzhou do it?" Liang said,' Tian Heng, a strong man of Qi, is still loyal to his righteousness and does not humiliate him. What's more, Liu Yuzhou's royal family is blessed with outstanding talents and is admired by all the people. If the water belongs to the sea, if things go wrong, it is heaven and peace can be restored! Quan was furious and said,' I can't support the whole land of Wu, and hundreds of thousands of people are subject to others. I made up my mind! You can't be Cao Cao unless you are Liu Yuzhou. However, after Yuzhou's new defeat, is it hard for Ann to resist this? "Liang said,' Although Yuzhou Army was defeated by Changsakan, Guan Yu's navy still has 10,000 soldiers, which is no less than that of Liu Qi in Jiangxia. Cao Cao's people, exhausted from thousands of miles away, heard of Yuzhou and rode for more than 300 miles a day and night. This so-called "a spent force, can't wear Lu Tao". Therefore, the art of war is taboo, saying, "You must be a general." . Besides, northerners don't learn water warfare, and Jingzhou people attach symbols and are not convinced. Now, the general can lead tens of thousands of soldiers to form a brave army and defeat Cao Cao's army together with Yuzhou Xiegui. If Cao Cao's army is broken, it will return to the north. In this way, the situation of Jing and Wu will be stronger and the feet will be formed. The chance of success or failure lies in today. Quan Da Yue sent Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu, Lu Su and other 30,000 water troops, following the example of Liang Yi, trying to refuse Tso. Cao Gong was defeated in Chibi and led the army to Ye. Then the Lord took over Jiangnan, taking Liang as the commander of the army, making him supervise Lingling, Guiyang and Changsha, and adjusting his taxes to banish the army.

In the 16th year of Jian 'an, Yizhou Pastoral Liu Zhang sent Fazheng to meet his former master and attack Zhang Lu. Liang and Guan Yu Town Jingzhou. After the Ming Dynasty, Zhang attacked, and Liang, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun led their troops back to the river, enfeoffment the counties, and camp out with the latter. Chengdu Ping, with Liang as the chief strategist, is in charge of General Zuo's office. When my late Lord went to war, he always guarded Chengdu, with plenty of food and grass and soldiers. Twenty-six years later, the princes advised their ancestors to respect the title, but they refused. Liang said,' When the people like Wu Han and Geng Yan first advised Sai-jo to ascend to the throne, Sai-jo counted four and four, saying,' Heroes are howling all over the world, and Ji is expected. If you don't follow the discussion, the literati will seek the Lord and do nothing from the public. "sai-jo is so sincere, he agreed. Today, Cao Shi usurps the Han Dynasty, and there is no owner in the world. The great king, Liu Miao, rose from the world and today is the throne, which is also appropriate. Scholar-officials who have worked hard with Wang for a long time also want to be pure words about merits and demerits. My late Lord ascended the throne at that time, and took care of Liang as Cheng Xiang. He said,' I was not built by my family, and I am favored by reunification and strive for strength. I dare not stay in Kangning and think for the people. I am afraid I will not be defeated. Yu! The Prime Minister knows what I want. He doesn't have to help me. He helps to spread the light and illuminate the world. What a pity! "Beam and prime minister recorded history, this just have a holiday. After Zhang Fei died, he served as a captain.

In the spring of the third year of Zhangwu, the late master An was seriously ill and called Liang to Chengdu, that is, the late master. He said,' You are only ten times as talented as Cao Pi, and you will be able to secure the world and achieve great things in the end. If the heir can supplement it, supplement it; If he is incompetent, you can bear it yourself. "Bright tears said,' I dare to use all my strength to be loyal to the festival of truth and then die!' The former Lord also wrote a letter to the latter, saying,' If you work with the Prime Minister, you are like a father.' In the first year of Jianxing, Wu Xiang Hou was sealed and a government was set up to manage affairs. In a short time, he led Yizhou shepherd. No matter how big or small the political affairs are, we should also look at the salt. All the counties in the south and middle have rebelled, which is a great loss for them. So they increased their troops without delay and sent envoys to hire Wu. Because of their marriage, they became friends of this country.

In the spring of three years, the brightness rate led south, and its autumn was flat. Military capital, enriching the country and strengthening the people, is a big move to run the army and talk about martial arts. In five years, he led the army into Hanzhong, and he was in the face, and he said:

Before the first emperor started his business, the middle road collapsed. Today he scored three points, and Yizhou was exhausted. This is a crucial autumn. But the guards worked tirelessly at home, and those who were loyal to their ambitions forgot to be outside, covering up the special experience of the former emperor and wanting to report to your majesty. Sincerely, it is appropriate to open a holy virtue, respect the legacy of the first emperor, and aim high. It is not advisable to belittle yourself, draw inferences from others and block the road of loyal advice. In the palace, everything is an organic whole and should not be punished or denied. If there are criminals who are honest and kind, they should be rewarded by this department to show your majesty's understanding, and you should not favor one over the other, making the internal and external laws different. Shi Zhong, Assistant Minister Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun, etc. , are honest and sincere, are based on the advice of the first emperor left your majesty. Fools think that everything in the palace, big or small, should be discussed, and then implemented, which will make up for the vacancy and make a lot of profits. General Xiang Chong, good character, good military. He tried it in the past, and the first emperor called it energy, which was supervised by the public. Fools think that knowing the situation in the camp and consulting it will definitely make the line harmonious, and the advantages and disadvantages will be found. Dear sages, far villains, this ancient emperor is so prosperous; You little people, far from being wise ministers, have been so depressed in the Han Dynasty ever since. When the late Emperor was around, every time I talked to the minister about it, I always sighed and hated Yu Huan and Ling. Shi Zhong, Shang Shu, Chang Shi, joined the army. I know that I am the minister of Zhenliang's death sacrifice. I hope your majesty personally believes that the Han Dynasty is prosperous, and I can wait.

I was dressed in cloth and devoted myself to Nanyang. I risked my life in troubled times and didn't ask Wen Da to be a vassal. The first emperor didn't treat his ministers with meanness, and his accusation was self-defeating. He took care of his ministers in the thatched cottage and was grateful for what had happened in this world, so he promised the first emperor to drive him away. After the values were overthrown, when I was appointed to the defeated army, I was ordered to stay in danger. I have been here for twenty years. The first emperor knew that I was cautious, and just when I was about to collapse, he sent a minister to attend a big event. Since I was appointed, I have been sighing all night, fearing that my entrustment will not work, so as to hurt my knowledge. Therefore, Luzhou in May was deserted. Now that the south is settled, there is enough armor. Authorized by the three armies, the north settled in the central plains, the arrogance was completely destroyed, the traitors were completely eliminated, and the Han Dynasty was revived, still in the old capital. The minister reported to the first emperor that he was loyal to his majesty.

As for profit and loss, if you keep your word, you will be willing to do so. May your majesty entrust me with the efficacy of bringing thieves back to life; If it doesn't work, I will be punished to tell the soul of my late emperor. If you don't preach virtue, you, Yi and Yun should be blamed for their slow response. Your majesty also demands himself, seeks advice from others and is kind to others. I am very grateful to you for pursuing the last emperor's testament. Today when the line, the chariot in Mianyang.

In the spring of six years, Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi were taken away by Tao, and Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi were suspected of leading troops. According to Ji Gu, Cao Zhen, the general of Wei, rejected them. Ming led the army to attack Qishan, rewarding and punishing Qi, and Su ordered Ming, Nan 'an, Tianshui and Anding counties to betray Wei and shake with Guanzhong. Chang 'an, the west town, made Zhang He refuse to take photos, made Ma Su overseers in front, and fought with him in the street pavilion. We violated the light, acted improperly and suffered great harm. Brightly pull out more than a thousand people from West County, return them to Hanzhong, and slaughter them in Xie Zhong. Shangshu said:' I am weak, stealing evidence, grasping the law myself and strengthening the three armed forces. You can't teach rules, and you are afraid when you are in trouble. Even if I don't obey the order of Jieting and don't quit, I'm blamed for my bad appointment. I know I don't know anyone, and I care how dark things are. Spring and Autumn Annals is in charge of handsome, and I am a minister. Please be demoted to the third-class supervisor. So he made Liang the right general, the prime minister and still the president.

In winter, Liang returned to Guan and surrounded Chen Cang, but Cao Zhen refused and returned. General Wei, ride after the light, fight with the light, break it, and cut its double. In seven years, Liang sent troops to attack Wudu. Guo Huai, the secretariat of Yongzhou, Wei, attracted many attacks, and the light came out to Jianwei, Huaigui and Suiping County. The imperial edict made it clear:' Ma Su was the chief culprit in the battle of street kiosks, but you led me to bring disgrace to oneself, which seriously violated your wishes and resigned. The year before last, Yao Shi beheaded Xinmeile Joint-stock Company. This year, he levied taxes. Guo Huai fled, fell to the frontier and Qiang, and revived the two counties. Wei Zhen is cruel, and his exploits are obvious. Today, Fang was harassed, but Yuan Xie was not an owl. You have been entrusted with a great responsibility. You are doing the heavy work of the country, but you have lost yourself for a long time. That's why you beautify Hong Lie. Since you are the prime minister, don't resign.

In nine years, Liang returned to Qishan, and the cattle and horses flowed, and the grain and grass were retired from the army. He fought with Zhang He, the general of Wei State, and killed him. In the spring of the twelfth year, I learned that the masses were out of the oblique valley, and according to Wu Wuzhang, Sima Wangxuan was Weinan. Dividing troops and fixing fields is the basis of long-term defense. The tillers are mixed among the residents of Weibin, which is covered by the people and selfless by the army. Stalemate for more than a hundred days. In August of that year, Liang died in the army at the age of 54. When the army retired, Xuan Wang presented a case to carry out his camp, saying, "This is a genius in the world!" "

Liang ordered the burial of Dingjun Mountain in Hanzhong, because the mountain was a grave, and it was enough to accommodate the coffin, and the clothes were collected in time without utensils. The imperial edict said:' Only you are endowed with military and civilian skills, honest and sincere, and have entrusted them to orphans. You helped me bow to my knees, and you were quiet and chaotic, but you didn't recruit six divisions. SHEN WOO was amazed; Wei Zhen's eight wastes will make great contributions and participate in the great honor of Iraq and Zhou. Why don't you hang up? Things are going to be awkward. You're dying! I am heartbroken and heartbroken. Fu Chongde made meritorious deeds, and Ji was born in posthumous title, so he will shine brilliantly in the future and make an immortal publication. Today, the general army is specially ordered to present the seal of the Prime Minister, and you are named the loyal minister Wu Hou. The soul has a spirit, and Jiazi is glorious. Alas! Alas!

The old gentleman in Taishang said at the beginning:' There are 800 mulberries in Chengdu, with 15 hectares of barren land, and children have more than enough food and clothing. As for the minister's position outside the country, there is no other scheduling. Take food and clothing, learn to be an official, don't treat students differently, and grow up. If on the day I die, I don't leave more money inside and win money outside, I will owe your majesty. "And pawn, as it puts it.

Light is better than ingenuity, profit and loss are even crossbows, and horses are Upright, which are unexpected; Deduct the art of war and make an eight-array diagram. It's so salty. Bright words impress people, not for an episode.

In the sixth year of Jing Yao, a temple was built in Mianyang. In autumn, General Wei Zhenxi will gather in Shu, go to Hanchuan, and offer sacrifices to the Hall of Light, so that the sergeant is not allowed to graze and collect firewood around the Tomb of Light. Liang Dijun, officer to captain Changshui. Zhan, heir.

On Zhuge Liang

Source: Excerpted from Chen Wende's Biography of Zhuge Liang.

Zhuge Liang is modest and prudent, conscientious and conscientious. Perhaps he is not brilliant, but he is almost first-class in actual management, and his personality, sense of responsibility and skills are impeccable. He is an outstanding political figure in the history of China.

After the news of Zhuge Liang's death in Wuzhangyuan reached Zhong Shu, Zhuge Liang was demoted by Liu Chan to Liao Li, a former captain of Changshui in Shu Ren, and was heading for Hanshan. Hearing the bad news, he said with great sorrow:' Prime Minister Ge died, and I will die of old age here all my life! Li Ping, a former minister of Shu Ren who was dismissed for forging military intelligence, was so sad that he fell ill and died when he heard the news of Zhuge Liang's death. After Li Ping was exiled, he often told his friends that he believed Zhuge Liang would forgive him one day and reuse him. Lao Zhang Gao in Shu was unconvinced by Zhuge Liang, who was in charge of Gaizhou with airborne troops. However, as a prime minister for a long time, I can't help but sigh: "When Gong Ming (Zhuge Liang) has a reward, people far away will never be left out as long as they make meritorious deeds, and when they are punished, as long as they are guilty, people close to him can't escape; Titles will never be given to people without merit, and punishment will not avoid distinguished officials. Therefore, sages and fools can feel his selflessness and work hard, regardless of personal interests. "

Regardless of the hero's success or failure, Zhuge Liang is such an open political style that his political opponents are moved by it. He is indeed a rare great politician in ancient and modern times. Chen Shou, the author of the Three Kingdoms, commented at the end of Zhuge Liang Biography: Zhuge Liang is the prime minister, appeasing the people, advocating etiquette norms, reducing officials, respecting the system, being sincere and fair. Those who do things faithfully and benefit society, even enemies, will be rewarded; Those who violate laws and regulations and neglect their duties, even their relatives, will be punished. Admit mistakes and try to turn over a new leaf, although it is a felony, it will be forgiven; It is a misdemeanor, but it is also a misdemeanor. Must be slaughtered. Even the smallest good will be rewarded, and even the smallest evil will fall. Dealing with administrative work is mainly based on simplicity, attaching importance to the essence of things and demanding all truth. Those who do well in fictional performances often publicly accuse C of loving or not within the country. Those who have harsh criminal laws and political orders but have no resentment should be warned clearly and fairly with their intentions. It can be called a long-term talent who knows how to govern. Even the pipe fittings and Xiao He can't compare with him.

Although Zhuge Liang has a deep study of the art of war and military science, his talent in actual combat is really not too high. He has lost more wars than won in his life. Except for the "supporting role" in Dangyang in the early years, the rest of the situation can be mastered, and the loss after the defeat is not great. However, Zhuge Liang is really good at strategic planning and tactical application, and it is also reasonable for Chen Shou to criticize his lack of adaptability.

Due to the exaggeration of the novel, Zhuge Liang is portrayed as a "fortune teller", which makes people feel that he is meticulous in everything (because other people's wisdom is too poor for him), and even misunderstood that Zhuge Liang is arbitrary, does not know how to choose and employ people, and does not know how to train talents, so he will eventually "do his best to die."

In fact, Zhuge Liang failed to realize his long-cherished wish of restoring the Han Dynasty, not because of his poor governance of Shu, but because his opponents were too strong (Cao Cao and Cao Pi). Sima yi and sun quan are indeed the first choice in life) and their own luck. Zhuge Liang in history not only has Chen Shou's "selfless and admirable" personality and political demeanor, but also is humble, humbly accepts opinions from all sides and spares no effort in cultivating talents.

In the "Teacher's Watch", Zhuge Liang particularly emphasized that "considering gains and losses, giving advice and making up for shortcomings and omissions will benefit everyone." In the Sixteen Cheap Strategies in the Postscript of Chu, he wrote: "The administration of politics means the honesty of remonstration, so he also advocates that superiors should accept the words of subordinates to avoid' going out of politics'. Another "audio-visual" even said: "The way to govern the country is the words of people who listen and listen. If you are interested in ordinary people, you should pay attention to them and listen to them. " "The old gentleman sees more as wisdom and listens more as God." Therefore, "a gentleman refuses to remonstrate, loyal ministers dare not enter its plan, while evil ministers specialize in their own politics and harm the country." "Although many historians think that the Sixteen Cheap Strategies may not have been written by Zhuge Liang, He Cheng may have written it by a" minister "in order to see it in the Official Document. Even so, the words may not be true, but the spirit is Zhuge Liang's.

Zhuge Liang not only said it, but also did it thoroughly After becoming prime minister, he set up a "participating organization" in the program palace, with the purpose of "brainstorming" and adopting more people's opinions. "Dong Hechuan" recorded Zhuge Liang's testimony about his affair with Tong * * * for seven years, saying: "I have worked with Dong Youzai (Dong) for seven years, and when things are not decided, he will repeatedly disagree, so we often discuss them back and forth, sometimes even more than ten times. If everyone can be as diligent and serious as Dong Quanzai, it will not only be good for business, but also help me not to make too many mistakes when making decisions. " He talked about getting along with friends in his early years Xu Shu is a clear-headed and never careless friend; Cui Fu "heard many gains and losses; Later, Hu Ji was "admonished". All these friends put forward "suggestions", which made Zhuge Liang deeply grateful and unforgettable. He euphemistically calls himself "ignorant", so sometimes he can't fully understand and adopt it. Wen has always had a good relationship with Chahetai, Xu Shu, Cui and Hu Ji, so he encouraged everyone not to doubt the spirit of being outspoken.

The most touching thing is that after the failure of the first Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang announced to the Northern Expedition Corps at the front line in Hanzhong (urging the generals to take him by surprise) and publicly expressed the hope that the soldiers would attack Zhuge Liang's shortcomings frequently in the future so as to serve the country faithfully. He followed Yang Hong's advice and sent troops to help Liu Bei, who was trapped in Hanzhong and Cao Cao, and stabilized the defense in the north. The strategy of wooing Deng Zhi and Sun Quan; Following Ma Ji's strategy of "attacking the heart first" is the main spiritual guidance for conquering southern barbarians. Perhaps these decisions are made in his own mind, but he will never take credit, so that excellent subordinates will not be covered by their own light, so that everyone is willing to give full play to their wisdom and invest in business. Among the three countries, Shu Han has the smallest strength, but the most talents, so it has the strength to attack Cao Wei repeatedly. These outstanding talents are indeed due to Zhuge Liang's "lack of credit and lack of talents; Open-minded and good at training. Style. In order to get. Wang Anshi, a great political reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote in Zhuge Liang's poem: "If you are wise and broad, you will not be modest to be a scholar of Shu and Wu." Fang Xiaoru, a great scholar in the Ming Dynasty, also commented: "Zhu Gekongming is an image, but he is sensitive and vain, in order to ask himself and answer himself. Those who are in the Qin and Han Dynasties are inferior. "

Zhuge Liang's political thought is a mixture of law and Confucianism. He attaches great importance to the system and must take a rational position when drafting management regulations. Now everyone can be evil, strictly enforce all laws and regulations. Chen Shou called his criminal law and political order very strict. But in execution, he attaches importance to leadership, and the superior must be a monarch, a teacher and an upright person to teach. Sixteen cheap policies to govern the country: to govern the country by family, family rule should be based on it. This person, the formal method is also very important in the North Moment. This passage; Clearly show the importance of the system, the country has a national system, and the family has a family system to improve the governance foundation. The chapter of the monarch and the minister wrote: the monarch takes deeds as six things, the minister takes things as righteousness, the two hearts can't serve the monarch, the doubtful politics can't help the minister, and the people are easy to make up and down, so the monarch and the minister see it; You use courtesy to make the envoy, I serve you faithfully, and you seek its administration and I seek its affairs. This passage shows that Zhuge Liang attaches importance to setting an example. Teaching by example is more important than teaching by example. A leader should not only talk but also set an example to carry out the government's orders. This is the Confucian spirit that he set an example.

Zhuge Liang strictly requires himself to fulfill his duties and be meticulous. When he was in Battle of Red Cliffs, he went to Soochow on the orders of Liu Bei. Sun Quan loves talents and asks Zhu Gejin to try to keep Zhuge Liang. Zhu Gejin, who knows his brother as a brother, said, "My brother Zhuge Liang entrusted himself to others and was unfaithful. My brother doesn't stay in Soochow, just as Zhuge Jian won't take refuge elsewhere. " Later, Zhuge Dao sent messengers to Shu Han, and Zhuge Liang only accepted the courtesy of receiving envoys from other countries to treat his "brothers" whom he had not seen for many years. The two brothers have never had personal contact except for T's business meeting and conversation. It is rare at home and abroad that Zhuge brothers fully abide by the festival of people and ministers. In a world of war, if you don't know how to be so cautious, you will be suspected and affect the completion of the task.

Similarly, Liu Bei not only praised Zhuge Liang for being "like a duck to water" to himself, but also entrusted all the major events behind him to Zhuge Liang. There is no doubt that he must have a profound observation on Zhuge Liang's character! However, although Zhuge Liang is in power, he knows how to control himself. After he came back from the south, his reputation reached an unprecedented level, which made another assistant minister Li Yan deeply suspicious. Deliberately wrote a letter, suggesting that Zhuge Liang take the opportunity to be king and accept the Nine Xi. On this matter, Zhuge Liang said frankly: I am a master with low talent in the East. I have no ability to assist the first emperor, but I owe the wrong love, ranking first among the ministers and receiving enough gifts. Now, before it works and my bosom friend's kindness is reported, I am arrogant, which is not in line with justice and is not good for me ... When Pei Songzhi commented on the reflection, he thought Zhuge Liang had power. Therefore, few people will doubt that he has the ambition to set up his own house in the grave, and it is true that "there is no suspicion at the top and no gossip at the bottom", which is really not a simple thing in the social environment of Sichuan.

Of course, some people have deep doubts about his monopolization of power. Liao Li, Li Yan and Zhang Yi are quite dissatisfied with Zhuge Liang, but they still believe in his character. And there is an official named Li Jue, who fully shows his antipathy to Zhuge Liang and often makes clever analysis. Zhuge Liang, a powerful minister, worked for Gao Zhen, and one day there will definitely be a power conflict with the emperor. At that time, you will either usurp the throne or lose your reputation. Zhuge Liang was not angry at all. But take Li Jin as his own supervisor, secretly alert, and can't cross the line. After Zhuge Liang's death, Li Xi still didn't relax. The court said, "Zhuge Liang fought in Qiang Bing with lofty aspirations and defended the border for many years. I often worry that G will happen. Now that Zhuge Liang G is dead, Liu's regime has been protected from now on, and Seibu can rest. The whole country should celebrate! " Liu Paihe's ministers are mourning the bad news of Zhuge Liang. When they saw this essay, they naturally lost their temper. They think that Yi Li maliciously slandered the virtuous minister of the loyal country and immediately put him in prison because there is no one like Zhuge Liang who will protect his political opponents and intercede for him, Li Ao; Be sentenced to death.

Zhuge Liang was an honest official before his death, and set an example, trying to change the officialdom atmosphere of officials in the Eastern Han Dynasty who were greedy for pleasure and indulged in extravagance. He lived a very frugal life, and he often compared himself with Sun Shuai, the prime minister of Chu during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. From his advice to Liu Chan before the last Northern Expedition to his announcement of his property, we can see how this generation of dignitaries tried to correct the social atmosphere.

In order to oppose the generous cultivation since the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhuge Liang ordered himself to be buried at the foot of Dingjun Mountain in the front line, so as not to be transported back to Chengdu for a state funeral and to avoid extravagance and waste. He also made it clear that the funeral should be simple. If you build a tomb on the mountain, you can put a coffin. When you die, you must wear ordinary clothes and have funerary objects. It is really commendable that a prime minister who is below one person and above ten thousand people can have this kind of mind and still adhere to principles and practice thrift in the last stage of mankind. Zhuge Liang believes that governing the country must first sharpen its tools, so he is very strict with his sons and nephews. I didn't get it until I was 46, so I adopted Zhuge Qiao, the second son of my younger brother Zhu Gejin. _ Zhuge Liang followed him to the front during the Northern Expedition. In order to strengthen exercise, Zhuge Liang specially arranged for him to undertake the work of escorting rations in mountainous areas, which was quite hard. Ride the wind and rain. And the danger of climbing mountains. In a letter to Zhuge Kong, Zhuge Liang specifically mentioned this matter: "Joe can stay in Chengdu after receiving the truth, but now the second generation of the general's children are all delivering materials at the front line, and everyone has to share joys and sorrows, so I specially asked him to lead more than 500 soldiers to carry food, just like all the children." Unfortunately, in the battle of Jieting, Zhuge Qiao died in the battle with the enemy in order to protect the safety of food and socks.

In his later years, Zhuge Zhan, the eldest son, was very strict with himself. In his letter to Zhu Gejin, he mentioned: "The idle child is now eight years old, smart and lovely, but a little precocious. I am afraid that they will exercise too little in the process of growing up and it is difficult to achieve great things. " He hopes to teach the growing children with more requirements and training. Zhuge Liang is knowledgeable and has the habit of independent thinking. He will never confine his thoughts to one view. Therefore, he stressed that learning should draw on the strengths of many families. Many later Confucianists thought that Zhuge Liang's "chores" were mixed with his methods and ways, and that his thoughts were impure and messy, but they were all sects' opinions. Zhuge Liang expressed his thoughts on studying and cultivating the mind tomorrow in the Book of the City: "A gentleman's trip is to cultivate one's morality by being quiet, to cultivate one's morality by being frugal, not to be thirsty, not to be quiet and far away, to be quiet without leaving school, to learn only, not to learn but not to be talented." No ambition, no success. " He emphasized that the cultivation of mind lies in respecting desire. Only by studying more can we grow into talents. You should have lofty aspirations and keep demanding of yourself. Only by studying and cultivating one's own mind can one really succeed. This is also the basic spirit of Zhuge Liang's dedication.

Although this is a pleasant journey of official position and power, it is a bumpy career. In order to realize the early concept of "cleaning up learning", he chose Liu Bei as his boss. Just entering the society, he was besieged by Cao Cao, a military genius. He was really "in danger when he was appointed to the political army." But no matter how frustrated, the young strategist refused the temptation of Sun Quan and still insisted on fighting in the Liu Bei Group to the end. In the most difficult period in China, the top director of the planning department made a good plan of "Three Divisions" and establishing a "world-class enterprise", and once put into practice, it not only turned defeat into victory, but also made Liu Bei Group completely get rid of the predicament of "peril", which can't be said to be attributed to Zhuge Liang.

But then there are Lost Jingzhou, Lost Street Pavilion, and Baili Tuogu. The "Southern China Rebellion" struck and suffered setbacks one after another, which made the new "Shu Han" regime worry about its early death. Zhuge Liang had to stand up and take on the heavy responsibility in order to turn the tide. Liu Yang is young and inexperienced, and with Liu Bei's fate, Zhuge Liang can take his place. Moreover, he can help Liu sample wholeheartedly. Among the assistant ministers of the Three Kingdoms at that time, Zhuge Liang had the greatest power, the heaviest burden and many difficulties. In order to overcome all difficulties for the factory and open opportunities for the development of Shu, Zhuge Liang thought day and night and worked with trepidation. He not only undertook the decision-making and promotion of the national military and political plan, but also personally supervised the construction of water conservancy, bridges, roads, post stations and other projects, organized important undertakings such as sericulture, brocade, salt cooking, iron smelting and money casting, and personally planned and designed new combat tools such as wooden cattle and horses. Every job is groundbreaking and unprecedented, and it is impossible to explain it to others. You must explore it yourself, so he pays attention to everything, "bend his head to proofread books and sweat like rain." The Prime Minister has a young man who is worried about his health. He once advised him not to work too hard, and used the story of Bingji and Chen Ping to emphasize that the prime minister only needs to be responsible for decision-making. Zhuge Liang naturally understands this truth, but the problem is that everything is not on the right track. He should not only make decisions, but also supervise their implementation thoroughly. What's more, if you don't participate in it yourself, you may be behind closed doors, so you must try to pass all the information to truly implement the spirit of the policy.

Perhaps his personal supervision of small things will affect the decision-making of big things, but Zhuge Liang is by no means a busy man with no priorities and nothing to do. He works conscientiously and methodically, and is extremely efficient. It's just that he is really a workaholic. When one thing is done, he is busy with the next thing. He wants to govern the country, run the army, study, cultivate his mind, invent and write, and 48 hours a day is not enough. He has seen the helplessness of life and he is also an optimist. He knows very well that his ideal will never be realized in his life. But he is not a pessimist. He turned fatalism into an active and endless job. He can do as much as he can, and his efforts will always pay off. Perhaps this is his philosophy of life C, which was established after a calm and thorough understanding of the world and personal life under the profound attainments of the art of war. Like Buddha, he faced this helpless and absurd world with endless care and worked hard until the last moment of his life. "If I don't go to hell, who will go to hell?" Isn't this the highest state of Buddha's Buddhism? Although we can't find out what religious beliefs Zhuge Liang has from his works and behaviors, he can face the challenges of limited life and unlimited work with the coolest attitude and warmest mood from the rational speculation of military law.

Perhaps it was Zhuge Liang's efforts that made him the most respected and missed figure of the Three Kingdoms among the people of China. His temple language is the most common, and his story is the most widely circulated. Commenting on Tao Kan, Emperor Taizong said: "The machine is like Wei Wu (Cao Cao), and the loyalty is like Kong Ming (Zhuge Liang). The word "loyalty and courage" can be said to be the clearest "image" of Zhuge Liang.

Emperor Kangxi, the famous monarch of the Qing Dynasty, even said directly:' Zhuge Liang Yun: Do your best until you die. A minister. Only Zhuge Liang can be so ear. "This is the same politician's evaluation of him. As for the people, the response was even more enthusiastic. After Zhuge Liang's death, people in central Sichuan miss him very much. C Although the Han Shu authorities refused to build a temple for Zhuge Liang on the grounds of impoliteness, the people in central Sichuan, barbarians in the south and barbarians in the west were almost national movements, which were unprecedented and could not be banned by the government. It is said that this situation has been going on for decades.

Sun Qiao of the Tang Dynasty said, "Zhuge Wuhou has been dead for 500 years. Until now, people in Liang and Han Dynasties still praise his deeds. There are many temples and ancestors, and his memory is so long and profound. " In 263 AD, that is, at the beginning of the demise of Shu Han, Cai Xilong and Zhongshulang Xiangke of the Infantry School wrote to Liu Chan, suggesting that a temple be built for Zhuge Liang. They said,' Since the Han Dynasty, many people with small virtues have been painted in temples as a memorial. And prime minister Zhuge