What does it mean that the desert is lonely and the long river sets the yen?

In the vast desert, a wisp of blue smoke rises, the long Yellow River passes through the desert, and a sunset slowly sets with clear outline.

From the Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wei's "To the Frontier"

Riding a bike to visit the border and passing through Juyan County.

Pengpeng also floated out of Korea, and the geese heading north also flew into the sky.

The vast desert is lonely, and the Yellow River sets the yen.

When I arrived at the small pass, I met a spy waiting for the knight and told me that Dou Hu was in Yan.

Make an appreciative comment

In 737 (the 25th year of Kaiyuan), Wang Wei was ordered to go to Xihe Provincial Government to express his condolences to the soldiers, which is what the poet did on his way to Xihe. This is a travelogue, and the poet went to the frontier fortress during an mission to the imperial court. Poetry describes what I saw and felt during this mission.

The first two sentences explain the purpose and place of this trip, why this poem was written, and the place where it was written shows the vastness of the frontier fortress. "I want to ask over there" is the purpose of the task. "Bicycle" means that there are few followers and the festival specifications are not high. Poetry reveals frustration in the chronicle, which is triggered by the word "bicycle". The last sentence said that I had been to this special area of Juyan, which became the basis of the scenery described in the poem.

Three or four sentences contain multiple meanings. From the sentence of "returning to the wild goose", we can see that the time to go to the frontier fortress this time is spring. When the grass is ripe, the branches and leaves are dry, and the roots leave the earth and float with the wind, so it is called "signing the crown". This sentence is the poet's feeling of loneliness by borrowing grass. When Cao Peng is mentioned in ancient poems, he mostly laments his own life experience. For example, Cao Zhi's miscellaneous poem (the second part) is called "Turning from the Root, Gone with the Wind", which is a famous example. "Going out to the Han Dynasty" in this poem just reflects the poet's itinerary. Moreover, these three words are very affectionate abroad, which deepens the feeling of occupation. When you leave your hometown, your feelings are always complicated, whether it is because of a difficult home, a difficult country to vote for, or a mission, as written in this poem. Regarding the poet's mission this time, he has been in a bad mood, which is different from Sima Xiangru's prestige and demeanor when he was favored by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in the early Han Dynasty and sent to the Southwest. The poet's frustration was related to the political struggle in the imperial court. Zhang Jiuling, the prime minister who has always attached importance to poets, was demoted to Jingzhou secretariat in April this year.

Poetry is written in contrasting expressions. "Zheng Peng" is a poet's metaphor, which is directly proportional. The metaphor of "returning to the wild goose" is a contrast. In spring, it is a good place for Yanbei to return to its old nest to raise chicks. Facing the desert sandstorm, the poet drifted to the Great Wall like a loose grass, and the situation was very different.

Five or six sentences describe the magnificent scene of the border desert, with a vast realm and vigorous weather. This couplet consists of two paintings. The first picture is a lonely smoke in the desert. Being in the desert, the poet is presented with such a scene: the yellow sand is boundless and endless. Look up at the sky, there is not a cloud in the sky. Without vegetation, there is no travel. Looking from a distance, I saw a wisp of solitary smoke rising at the end of the sky, and the poet's spirit did it one brace up, as if this desert had a little vitality. It is a lighthouse, which tells the poet that this trip is about to reach its destination. The beacon smoke is a typical frontier fortress scene, and "solitude and straightness" highlights the atmosphere of frontier fortress. Judging from the composition of the picture. Adding a column of white smoke between the blue sky and the yellow sand becomes the center of the whole picture, which is the finishing touch. Kunya: "ancient fireworks, with wolf smoke, gather straight, although the wind is not oblique." Zhao Diancheng, a Qing Dynasty man, said: "Only when you see the scenery with your own eyes can you know the beauty of the word' straight'." This is from words.

The other is a sunset over a long river. This is a close-up shot. The poet stood on the hill overlooking the winding river. In the evening, the sunset lowered the river, and the river was sparkling. What a wonderful moment it is! The poet only quoted a word "circle", which accurately described the scenery characteristics of the sunset on the river. As a result of choosing such a perspective, the red sun suddenly enters and exits in the long river, adding to the magnificence of the river swallowing the sun and the moon, thus making the whole picture more magnificent.

The poet focused his pen and ink on what he was best at winning-writing landscapes. The author's mission takes place in spring. On the way, I saw a few lines of returning geese to the north. The poet made a metaphor on the spot, and compared himself with returning geese, which was both narrative and scenery-writing, which was natural and appropriate. In particular, the link of "lonely smoke in the desert, long river setting the yen" describes the strange and magnificent scenery outside the Great Wall after entering the frontier fortress. The picture is open and the artistic conception is magnificent, which is called "the wonders of the ages" by Wang Guowei. The frontier desert is boundless, so the word "big" of "desert" is used. The frontier fortress is desolate and wonders. The smoke lit by the beacon tower is particularly eye-catching, so it is called "solitary smoke". A word "solitary" describes the monotony of the landscape, and a word "straight" behind it also shows its strength and perseverance. There are no mountains and trees in the desert, and the Yellow River flowing through it cannot express the poet's feelings unless a word "long" is used. Sunset, originally easy to give people a sentimental impression, uses the word "round" here, but it gives people a feeling of warmth and boundless. The word "circle" and "straight" not only accurately describes the desert scene, but also shows the author's deep affection. The poet skillfully blends his loneliness into the description of the vast natural scenery. The forty-first poem on Xiangling studies in A Dream of Red Mansions said: "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen." . How straight do you want to smoke? The sun is naturally round. The word' straight' seems unreasonable, and the word' round' seems too vulgar. You have to look for two more words of these two, but you can't find two words. The advantage of "this is" poetry is indescribable, but it is vivid when you want to leave; "It seems unreasonable, and it is reasonable to want to go." This passage also reveals the superb artistic realm of these two poems.

The frontier fortress is the representative work of Wang Wei's frontier fortress poems. In the spring of the 25th year of Kaiyuan (737), Cui, our envoy from Hexi, was defeated by Tubo, and Wang Wei was ordered by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty to go to Liangzhou to give a consolation and live under our envoy from Hexi. This poem was written on the way to the fortress. This paper describes the author's sense of responsibility and pride when he was ordered to go to the frontier fortress, as well as the magnificent scenery and wonders of the desert outside the Great Wall, and praises the vast territory, strong national strength and great prestige of the Tang Empire, but the author lacks a correct understanding of the nature of this war.