Are there any articles about the unbearable lightness of life?

Introduction and appreciation of unbearable lightness in life;

Thomas, the hero of the novel, is a surgeon. Because his marriage failed, he longed for and feared women, so he made an affair code to deal with his many mistresses. One day, he fell in love with Teresa, a waitress in a restaurant. His love for her violated his principles and even married her. However, Thomas's thought of the separation of soul and flesh has not changed at all, and he still lingers between mistresses, which is a kind of harm to Teresa who loves him completely. Teresa often wakes up in extremely uneasy dreams, often with suspicion and horrible imagination.

At this time, Germany was in political turmoil. At the call of an authoritative doctor in Zurich, they decided to live there. However, in the face of the uneasiness in a strange environment and her husband still having an affair with his mistress, Teresa decided to leave and return to the motherland. But fate and choice made Thomas go back to her, and they never separated again. They realize that being together is happiness, happiness in torture and sadness, and each other is a sweet burden in life. Later, they died in a car accident.

The painter sabine was once one of Thomas' mistresses and the envy of Teresa. Sabine has been choosing betrayal and irresponsible suicide all his life. She hates loyalty and any kitsch to please the public, but such betrayal makes her feel that her life exists in nothingness. Franz was one of the lovers betrayed by sabina. Because of her, he gave up his persistence and loyalty to marriage. However, due to sabina's betrayal, Franz found that his past insistence on marriage was absurd and pure fiction, and his wife was only the projection of his mother's ideal.

The free and independent single life after divorce has brought new opportunities to his life. Knowing sabina is only a follow-up to his revolutionary and adventurous life. Later, he fell in love with his students. After actually taking part in a hypocritical parade, he realized that his real happiness was to stay with his students. In a sudden robbery, Flantz resisted because he wanted to show his courage, but accompanied by his wife, he was shot and died in his hospital bed.

Second, the lightness and heaviness of life.

It is an extension of the question put forward by the ancient Greek philosopher parmenides in the 6th century BC:

According to parmenides, there are several opposite duality in the universe, namely, positive and negative.

For example, light and dark, cold and hot.

But which is positive and which is negative?

Parmenides thinks that light is positive and heavy is negative, but Milan Kundera doesn't think so.

In the story, I think sabina is a practitioner of parmenides's philosophy (more precisely, a practitioner of Milan Kundera's light interpretation). He chose a life of light, but he indulged in nothingness and desolation all his life. Thomas, on the other hand, is a believer in the separation of soul and body, and has formulated a set of rules for extramarital affairs to deal with his numerous mistresses. But in the end, for the love of Teresa, he gave up his own principles and chose to bear the burden of humiliation and obey nature. During his life, Thomas relaxed the shackles of his career and foreign things and enjoyed such a carefree life. Thomas is an ideal lifestyle and a typical example in the story. He is very free and easy in his choice, and he doesn't hate or miss him.

Franz is an idealist His personality has many good parts, but it also has fatal romance and association. The "emphasis" in his life stems from a misunderstanding and ideal projection. When he realized the unrealistic hypocrisy and wanted to cherish the life in front of him, he died because of an inevitable choice for his ideal.

In fact, in my feeling, Teresa is a living role, perhaps because of her shame and bondage to her female body, which makes me feel like a woman. In the ambiguous relationship with the engineer, she chose to resist and jump off the building, but it still turned into horrible imagination and suspicion.

Yes, in our limited memory, life really only exists once. Even if there are 24 Billy, neither side has any memory of each other. German proverb says: What happens only once equals nothing. In the face of seemingly meaningless life choices and nothingness of existence, people feel that the valued historical events and human desires are ridiculous. In the linear view of time, everything is forgiven in advance, and everything is ridiculous and allowed. This is the fate of the protagonist in the story, and this is their life. The protagonists are faced with incomparable choices and build their own lives step by step. So Thomas and Teresa were doomed to die in a car accident, Franz died of a heavy blow, and sabina died of nature. They all paid the price for the lightness and heaviness of life.

Milan Kundera, on the other hand, has given people a heavy choice, with a sad and sweet burden to enrich their lives. For those who choose lightly, they have a relaxed and happy life but a lifelong sense of nothingness. Don't try to guess what Milan Kundera intends to decide, but the protagonist is free and easy in the face of his chosen life and is happy for the change. I think this is the psychological preparation when facing the choice, and the choice at every moment is incomparable. Historical events are not repeated, but approximate, which also means that everyone and things are unique in the view of linear time. When we choose revolution, we always ignite hope in our hearts because of that unique meaning.

Although Thomas once reflected that the meeting between people was only accidental nothingness, it was only because of six coincidences. The so-called unique opportunity is just the arrangement of similar probability. We are afraid of being doomed, but we are eager for the inevitability of fate. But I think the accident made Teresa devote herself to him. He is still lucky, because he still won a great victory with only one life and without comparing every choice.

Third, kitsch.

The so-called kitsch is an act of pleasing the public, and politicians are excellent representatives. Of course, I also thought of the award-winning experience of "Miss pedophile": I hope world peace!

I think everyone can't escape such kitsch, saying beautiful words or pleasing the public, which is inevitable. Apart from business interests, beliefs, contacts and popularity, people are eager to live among the masses. If they have the same identity, they will feel stable, happy and proud. As long as they live in the secular world, it is difficult for them to escape and abandon. Of course, excessive kitsch is superficial, excessive, and kitsch is also to some extent. When it is more kitsch than kitsch, its motives and attempts, its sins and its deception are disgusting. Ideology is a kind of kitsch, which pleases the ruling class, who is in a higher position in the social class, so kitsch and politics become closely related, which is a relative ambiguity. Vulgarity pleases and controls the public, telling people that following the center of fashion can be safe. Therefore, I sympathize with sabina's rebellion and consciousness, because too much deviation from kitsch will make you suffer misfortune.

And I also have such rebellion, rebellious authority, but unconsciously use kitsch means. So I know that only by leaving here (this world) can I get rid of rebellion and find real peace.

Fourth, misunderstanding.

Our attitudes and views on life are sometimes due to a misunderstanding. In our imaginary country, all events have our explanatory significance. With his age and chance, Franz couldn't participate in sabina's past experience, so he didn't know the symbolic meaning of the symbol. So I thought of what people often say, "although I didn't participate in your past, I must be in your future." This must come from a premise, you must have the same experience and interpretation to make each other compatible, otherwise, as Teresa thinks: you must achieve your lover with great love. But she didn't do it, because in the choice of life, we will definitely do it. We live for the meaning of life and our feelings. Our past is of great significance because it symbolizes enrichment and warm accumulation. Therefore, people with the same past should feel glad, because they can prove each other's existence, so people must be social and group, which is a necessary condition for thoughtful and emotional people to pursue the meaning of existence.

Franz is both clever and stupid. In his kind and overly romantic ideas, he has a huge misunderstanding that is different from others, but he has also made brave efforts for such a life. I think he symbolizes many sentient beings, many people with great beliefs and great misunderstandings. They enjoy life experience, even if they come from inaccurate consciousness and association, they live very hard, and they are also the vast majority of "good" people in the secular world.

V. Gender dualism

I am not an absolute believer. For this part, I still pursue my identity and feelings. I may have one-finger experience in dealing with people, or I may have sensory experience in self-love. I don't reject it, but there must be many preconditions. Just like those six coincidences, the journey must have a comfortable and pleasant feeling.

During the discussion, I said that I wanted to pursue sabina externally, but I was really a standard Teresa at home. This is a contradiction. Because of this contradiction, I want to try different forms and love. Maybe I'm greedy and want to take all the benefits together.

Six, my choice

In fact, during my twenty-two years, I spent most of my time in a sense of nothingness, which is very unfortunate for me. But I have always chosen to give up and escape, choose to leave the powerful mass gravity, and choose to be like hydrogen, because I am afraid of being doomed.

In my mind, history is a catastrophe of eternal return, constantly hurting, but constantly being forgotten. Whenever time is fragile, every passion, I am particularly afraid that it will come back. I know that I will slowly pick up the weight and choose an inevitable life with years and inevitability. I am still optimistic.

Seven, the author's writing skills.

This book is both a flashback and an episode, and the third person is mixed with his own comments, which is not very good to read. It takes several times to understand their character relationship, and the author's writing is good at satire and harsh facts, so it is very heavy to finish reading this story from a certain angle. However, when discussing with the group, in addition to gradually clarifying some contexts, we also boldly discussed the explicit writing of sex in the story. For example, Flantz betrayed his wife in sabine, and sabine betrayed Flantz himself in Flantz. This sentence is very interesting and ironic, and I am envious of Thomas and sabina's bold expression and satisfaction.

Of course, I am also deeply touched by the historical and war background in the story, but the focus of the story is not that I forget the life choices of the four characters because of too much sympathy. In fact, I quite appreciate the author's sharp and ironic views on things. Although over-defining the mood or thoughts of some characters will make readers' interpretation a little narrow, and argumentative reading stories will make readers lack freedom, I think it can be allowed or even become a feature if the author's own ideological connotation and quality are excellent. Read it several times and think about it to get closer to the author's idea.

There are many interesting ideas, such as feces, which is a metaphysical kitsch. It is also said that Adam and Eve had a dirty sense of excretion because they ate the fruits of good and evil and knew shame. Perhaps in heaven, there is no so-called prejudice, stereotype and ideology, and human beings are very pure and truly free. But no matter how we think about it, we live here. At this moment, we must get rid of the shackles of original sin and human beings instead of unconditional surrender.

And I want to know whether the author hates Descartes, accusing the theory of "I think therefore I am" of belittling the spirituality of animals, making people become the authority of nature and fiddling with the autonomy of other creatures. And let Thomas follow this principle to hurt Teresa. However, Nietzsche's aesthetic idea that "tragedy can inspire strength" can enrich life by carrying a heavy load. Anyway, I think this is a very interesting book, which has aroused many different ideas and is really interesting.

Eight, role analysis-personal classroom analysis part

Teresa (female name)

Restaurant waiter/photographer

A beautiful, possessive and seemingly weak woman, love is the whole of her life. She often feels helpless and sad about her unfaithful husband, and jealousy and anxiety turn into dreams. She also often uses her weakness to make Thomas feel sympathy to master him. One day, when he realized that great love had made each other, Thomas told him that he was actually very happy, which made Teresa both sad and happy.

mother

Teresa's mother was a beautiful but dissolute woman when she was young. She married Teresa's father because she had children. With the passage of time, Teresa's mother became a vulgar and inferior woman, full of resentment and blame for Teresa, thinking that Teresa's birth led to her tragic ending, so Teresa often wanted to escape from such an environment.

Run into sb.

Thomas and Theresa first met in a small town in the Czech Republic three weeks ago. They stayed together for less than an hour. She accompanied him to the station until he got on the train. 10 days later, she went to see him and they had sex that day. Unexpectedly, she had a fever at night and it was the flu. She stayed in his apartment for ten weeks.

She used to be a maid in Prague Hotel. She met Thomas, the man she was waiting for, under many chances (books, Saturdays, benches, Beethoven's music), so Teresa and Thomas ignited their passion and became photographers with Thomas's help. However, her career is not her ideal, but Thomas is all she has. Thomas keeps sexual relations with many women. Teresa is full of jealousy and discomfort and often has horrible dreams. Dreaming is turning yourself into a walking corpse.

In the seventh year of their acquaintance, she and Thomas went to Zurich. Teresa's uneasy and painful feelings are often suppressed under jealousy, and one day she chose to leave to get rid of such fear and anxiety. But she knew in her heart that Thomas would come back for her, so they lived together again.

Ytterbium dream

Teresa has an inexplicable sense of shame about her body. She is fighting against her mother, expecting to find a different body. Mother's shameless behavior of exposing her body left a huge shadow in Teresa's heart, so Thomas's affair reminded her that she was just a materialized body and a woman in a huge body concentration camp. What she wants to liberate is the soul imprisoned in the body.

offer for sale

Teresa wanted to know how Thomas felt about the affair, so she slept with a man who claimed to be an engineer. However, the uneasy suspicion made Teresa fall into a horrible imagination, fearing that she would lose Thomas. She thinks Thomas loves her loyalty.

All of her

Teresa said to Thomas, "Your work is meaningless to you; I don't care what I do, I can do anything. I only lost one thing, and you lost everything. "

faint

She always told herself that she used her life's weaknesses against Thomas. We all tend to think that strength is a criminal and weakness is an innocent victim. But now Teresa realizes that the truth is just the opposite. Even her dreams, which are only weak but not strong in men's feelings, show her harm to Thomas and force him to retreat. Her weakness and aggressiveness forced him to surrender until he completely lost his strength and became a rabbit in her arms. She can't get rid of that dream.

Karenin

Thomas bought a dog to comfort and accompany Teresa. It was an indispensable role in Teresa's life and later died of cancer.

end

Later, Teresa persuaded Thomas to move to the countryside to live a quiet and peaceful country life. Teresa lived a life with sheep, cows and other animals. However, the anxiety of cheating on her husband never stopped. She always misunderstood the correspondence between her husband and his mistress. Later, after the misunderstanding was solved, she found that she often used weakness to imprison her husband's behavior. When she thought that she had brought misfortune to each other, Thomas said that he was very happy.