National flower of China.

Adopted by the National Leading Group for National Flower Selection

After careful study, it is agreed that "Peony" is the national flower of our country. Other well-known orchids (spring), lotus (summer), chrysanthemum (autumn) and plum blossom (winter) are the four famous flowers in China.

In this way, orchid (spring), lotus (summer), chrysanthemum (autumn) and plum (winter) are divided into four seasons.

There is no national flower in China at present.

China is rich in flower resources, with a cultivation history of 2000-3000 years, the highest in the world.

The origin center of this precious flower is known as "the mother of world gardens". Biography of China

Common flowers, such as plum blossom, peony, chrysanthemum, orchid, azalea and camellia, have existed for a long time.

It enjoys a high reputation internationally and has far-reaching influence at home. It has a long history and is rich and splendid with China.

There is a close relationship between culture and art, which makes the poems and paintings of past dynasties appear colorful.

China's flower literary world is a prosperous scene, full of flowers and colorful.

Among many famous flowers, which one or several can best represent the Chinese nation?

As a symbol of national stability and national prosperity, the spiritual characteristics of "Erben" have been promoted.

Ming construction, inspire national spirit, establish national enterprise and pride! Waiting for the public

People seriously think and choose.

Looking back on the peony announcements recorded in modern history, no matter in the last years of the Qing Empire.

For the national flower; Or around 1929, the Ministry of Interior and the Ministry of Education of the National Government jointly issued a decree.

Throughout the country, declaring the history of taking plum blossom as the national flower is a top-down command action.

After the founding of New China, the national flower was uncertain for various reasons. Eleventh Party Congress

Since the Third Plenary Session of the Third Central Committee, with China's reform and opening up, economic development, social progress and people's increasing demand for culture, the voice of discussing and selecting the national flower has quietly increased.

get up

Looking back on the autumn and winter of l98 1, some famous botanists strongly supported and advocated it.

A national discussion on the national flower. Therefore, Acta Botanica was founded by China in 1982.

Entrusted by the Institute of Biology, the China National Flower Selection Seminar was held. Xinhua News Agency, CCTV,

China national radio made publicity and introduction one after another, which attracted people.

Played a strong response. From children to the elderly, poems on paintings are full of affection for the choice of national flowers.

Strong patriotic enthusiasm and the mood of pursuing a better future. 1983 10 in China.

At the 50th anniversary meeting of botanical society of china, all the delegates represented more than 400 botanists.

With the passion of loving the motherland, the workers made demands to the NPC Standing Committee.

Give suggestions and hope to formally determine the national flower of China as soon as possible; And according to the requirements of the masses, build

The suggestion of being elected as the national flower can be considered from four kinds of flowers: plum blossom, peony, chrysanthemum and lotus. he

Experts also suggested that while determining the national flower of China, we should promote the determination of provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions.

Save flowers, regional flowers and city flowers, and combine patriotism with love for hometown to make our country successful.

This is a paradise with flowers in full bloom.

For more than ten years, cities with a known ratio of 140 have their own urban flowers and trees, among which

In some cities, urban flowers and trees are closely related to urban economic construction, environmental protection and beautification.

This combination has promoted environmental transformation and economic construction. Around the city, flower exhibitions are held with flowers as the medium.

International Flower Festival or academic conference has directly promoted greening construction and flower production, so

Brought economic prosperity.

There are 3 municipalities directly under the central government, 24 provinces, 5 autonomous regions and 192 prefecture-level cities in China.

There are 382 county-level cities, 1 18 districts (Mongolians), 30 autonomous prefectures and 1596 counties.

Taiwan Province province has 120 counties, 5 1 flag, 3 autonomous flags, 3 special zones and 7 prefecture-level cities.

16 county. So far, most cities and counties have not yet determined the city flower market that represents local characteristics.

Trees. If all cities, counties and towns can have their own characteristic city flowers and cities in the next few years.

Trees are of great significance for beautifying and greening the motherland.

In recent years, people generally place their hopes on botanical society of china, China Forestry Society and China Gardens.

Art Society, China Flower Association and related newspapers and periodicals have launched activities to further promote the national flower.

Importance, praise the grass and trees of the motherland. Qi Xin's people choose their own flowers.

For the national flower of the great motherland.

1On September 2, 994, the China Flower Association held a press conference in the Great Hall of the People and announced that

Chen, vice chairman of the National People's Congress, was awarded the title of the cloth flower.

The speech "Let the National Flower Bloom at an Early Date" pointed out the significance of choosing the national flower:

(1) arouse the enthusiasm of the broad masses of people to love their motherland and hometown. Pass a song

Praise the flowers and trees of the motherland and choose your favorite flowers to express your feelings for your ancestors.

Country, love for hometown.

(2) Encourage people to devote themselves to the cause of building the motherland and a beautiful home. flower

Benefits not only have economic benefits, but also have unique social and environmental benefits. cushion

This national flower selection has promoted cities to gradually determine their own urban flowers and trees.

Come down, the role of greening and beautifying the motherland will be even greater, and so will our motherland.

Become a colorful garden.

(3) Further improve the understanding of the importance and necessity of developing flower industry. Flowers and plants

It is an ancient and emerging industry in agriculture in China, and flower cultivation in China has a long history.

For 3,000 years. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the flower industry flourished and gradually became

Emerging industries; The relationship between flowers and people's daily life is getting closer and closer; People live.

The living and working environment has improved, and the mental outlook has changed greatly. But at present, many people are interested in it.

Lack of understanding, need to vigorously promote, so that leaders at all levels and departments attach importance to and support.

Grasp the development of flower industry.

(4) Popularize the knowledge of flowers, cultivate the interest in loving and cultivating flowers, and advocate loving and cultivating flowers.

It is a symbol of social civilization and progress. China has a fine tradition of loving and cultivating flowers. famous book

After years of hard cultivation by gardeners, plum blossom, peony, chrysanthemum, orchid, rose, cuckoo,

Ten famous flowers, such as camellia, lotus, osmanthus and narcissus, are world-famous and become the most important flowers in the field of gardening.

Treasure. Through the selection of national flowers, people can know more about flowers and cultivate love.

Flowers, flower cultivation interest, promote flowers to enter thousands of households.

According to the Second Session of the Eighth National People's Congress 1994 0440 "On the evaluation as soon as possible"

The proposal to set up the national flower of China was approved by the Ministry of Agriculture, and the China Flower Association was instructed to be responsible for the specific organization. The China Flower Association has led and organized extensive and in-depth activities throughout the country.

In the selection of national flowers. A leading group for the selection of national flowers was set up. After discussion by an expert group,

China national flower selection conditions are determined as follows:

(1) has a long cultivation history and strong adaptability, and has an influence in most areas of China.

Be in a leading position in the world.

(2) The posture and color characteristics of flowers can reflect the excellent tradition and personality characteristics of the Chinese nation.

(3) has a wide range of uses, loved by the broad masses of the people, and has a high social,

Environmental and economic benefits.

Since the China Flower Association organized and led the national flower discussion all over the country.

In recent years, China Flower News has published the opinions of many famous people and the masses on the selected countries.

As soon as the news came out, China began a heated discussion. According to the publication of China Flower News, it has been nominated as

Candidate national flowers of China are: plum blossom, peony, chrysanthemum, orchid, rose and plum.

Rhododendron, Camellia, Lotus, Osmanthus fragrans, Chinese Narcissus, Pomegranate, Chimonanthus praecox, Spring Festival, Peach Blossom.

There are dozens of kinds of flowers here, including rhododendron, Clivia, day lily, camellia chrysantha, Daphne odora, Lagerstroemia indica, Gardenia, Davidia involucrata (dove tree), a bunch of safflower and Rongyinghua. After nearly ten months of discussion

Theoretically, the task has been successfully completed.

According to the results reported by 3 1 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities (including Shenzhen Special Economic Zone), one country-Hua is in favor.

There are 18 provinces, accounting for 58.06%. In favor of four flowers in one country (peony, plum blossom,

There are 1 1 provinces, accounting for 35.48%. Two provinces have put forward new four flowers.

The plan, that is, exchange orchids for lotus flowers, accounts for 6.45%. Adopted by the National Leading Group for National Flower Selection

After careful study, it is agreed that "Peony" is the national flower of our country. Other orchids with higher voices

Flower (spring), lotus (summer), chrysanthemum (autumn) and plum (winter) are four famous flowers in China.

In this way, orchid (spring), lotus (summer), chrysanthemum (autumn) and plum (winter) are divided into four seasons.

The main leader is peony. The national flower and the famous flowers of the four seasons form the trend of holding the moon with all the stars, isn't it more

It can embody the spirit of the Chinese nation's prosperity, honesty and nobility.

The above selection results and specific conditions are reported by the Ministry of Agriculture according to procedures. society

national flower

Peony is the national flower of China.

The National Flower of Chile-Lily

The National Flower of Britain-Chinese Rose

The National Flower of Italy-Daisy

New Zealand's National Flowers-Alsophila spinulosa and Pteris argentea

The National Flower of Singapore-Jin Zhuo Vandelan

Pomegranate, the national flower of Spain

The National Flower of Tanzania-Lilac

The National Flower of Thailand-Water Lily

Water lily, the flower of Bangladesh

The National Flower of Egypt-Water Lily

Japanese national flower-cherry blossom and Mexican national flower-cactus.

The National Flower of America-Mountain Rose

Kenya's National Flower-Kenshanlan

The National Flower of Holland-Tulip

Tulip, the national flower of Turkey.

The National Flower of Korea-Woody Flowers

Wei Ying, the national flower of France.

Sunflower, the National Flower of Russia

The national flower of Germany-cornflower

Australian National Flower-Acacia.

Brazil's national flowers-tropical orchids and hairy crab claw orchids

Other more ...

Afghanistan: tulips

Algeria: Iris, oleander.

United Arab Emirates: malachite and zinnia

Argentina: ivory red

Austria: edelweiss

Azania: Brody.

Belgian: Rhododendron, Rose, Bai Weiling Beauty.

Bhutan: Meconopsis

Bolivia: Cantua

Bulgaria: Rosa Turkestana

Myanmar: Dragon Boat Flower

Colombia: Three-way Catland

Costa Rica: Catland

Cuba: ginger flower

Denmark: Chrysanthemum

Ecuador: Lee Castelain

Ethiopia: calla lily

Fiji: Fusang

Finland: Lily of the Valley

Greece: Corydalis

Honduras: Carnation

Liechtenstein: Lilium pulse

Hungary: tulips

India: Lotus

Indonesia: Chestnut

Iraq: Chinese rose

Iran: Turkish rose, tulip bell flower

Ireland: white clover Israel: anemone

Cambodia: water lilies

Latvia: cornflower

Lithuania: Ruxiang

Guyana: water lilies

Libya: pomegranate

Laos: frangipani

Luxembourg: Chinese rose

North Korea: Welcome azaleas.

Madagascar: Tourism Bananas

Malaysia: Fusang

Malta: cornflower

Morocco: Chinese rose, carnation

Nicaragua: ginger flower

Nepal: Rhododendron arborescens

Monaco: Carnation

Pakistan: Su Qing

Peru: Sunflower, Cantu Flower

Philippines: Chestnut

Poland: Corydalis tricolor

Portugal: lavender

Romania: Dog Rose

Switzerland: edelweiss

South Africa: Brody Creeping

Sweden: Lily of the Valley

Guatemala: Lee Castelain

Zimbabwe: THE TEMPLE OF JIALAN

city flower

Beijing-Chrysanthemum Sanming-Azalea

Luoyang-Peony Jinan-Lotus.

Nanjing-plum blossom Shaoxing-orchid.

Zhangzhou-narcissus Quanzhou-Erythrina.

Hangzhou-osmanthus Hong Kong-Bauhinia.

Village-Pomegranate Shanghai-Magnolia grandiflora

Tianjin-Rose Wuhan-Meihua

Xuzhou-Fuzhou, Wei Zi-Jasmine.

Guangzhou-Kapok Taipei-Rhododendron

Kunming-Camellia Shenyang-Rose

Chengdu-Okra Changchun-Clivia.

Xiamen-Triangle Flower Zhanjiang-Bauhinia.

Shantou-Fenghuang Mudongchuan-Magnolia grandiflora.

Zhenjiang-Lamei Yueyang-Gardenia.

Harbin-Lilac Zhangjiakou-Dahlia.

Peony is a perennial deciduous shrub with slow growth, small plant type and plant height of 0.5 ~ 2 meters. Roots are fleshy, thick and long, with lignified center, generally 0.5 ~ 0.8 meters long, and a few roots can reach 2 meters; The color of root bark and root meat varies with varieties; The branches are erect, crisp and round, and look like shrubs from the roots. Annual branches are smooth and brown and often crack and fall off. Leaves alternate, leaves are usually three or three compound leaves, the upper branches are often simple leaves, and the leaflets are needle-shaped, oval, oval and so on. The terminal leaflets are often 2-3-lobed, with dark green or yellow-green leaves on the top and gray-green leaves on the bottom, smooth or hairy; The total petiole is 8 ~ 20 cm long with grooves on the surface; The branches of peanuts in that year were bisexual, large and colorful, and beautiful in shape. The flower pattern is ♂ * K5c ∞ G2 ~ 5: 1: 2 ~ 5, and the flower diameter is 10 ~ 30 cm. The colors of flowers are white, yellow, pink, red, purple, deep purple (black), snow blue (pink blue), green and compound color. Male and female pistils are often petaled, and the natural growth of petals and the degree of petaled pistils are related to varieties, cultivation environmental conditions and growth years. Normal flowers have many stamens, strong seed setting ability and high seed maturity. Flowers with serious pistil petals, few seeds but no seeds, completely free stamens, 5 carpels, at least 8 carpels, each ovary bottle-shaped, placenta margin, most ovules pentagonal, 7- 13 per corner, and round seeds.

After peony changed from wild to domestic, due to the change of environmental conditions and continuous artificial breeding and cultivation, not only the color, pattern and flowering period changed sooner or later, but also the shape of plants, the length and thickness of roots and the color and shape of leaves.

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China's national flower has not yet been decided. There are two choices: peony and plum blossom.

The reference materials are as follows:

China has not yet decided whether to use peony distributed in the Yellow River valley or plum blossom distributed in the Yangtze River valley as the national flower in the modern sense, and the relevant parties in China are hesitant. Peony symbolizes elegance and elegance, which does not conform to the current national economic situation and the "frugality" advocated by the government; Plum blossom symbolizes perseverance and introversion, which is slightly different from the open national policy. It seems that behind the uncertainty of the national flower, the conflict of the above concepts is at work.

Wu Zetian is the only female emperor in China. Legend has it that when she was enjoying the snow, she told her entourage that she wanted to see the snow scene with a hundred flowers blooming. As the saying goes, there must be a sycophant around the powerful, and an attendant said to her, "Your Majesty only needs to let the Baihua Fairy, who is in charge of blooming flowers, give the order." Wu Zetian then called the Hundred Flowers Fairy and ordered a hundred flowers to blossom. The Baihua Fairy held an emergency meeting to denounce the interference of human emperors in the celestial world. But in the face of power, all the flowers gave in and competed to open in winter, but the fairy peony insisted on opposing it. In a rage, Wu Zetian ordered all the peonies in Chang 'an to be burned.

The story of a hundred flowers blooming shows that Chang 'an had greenhouse cultivation technology at that time, and it could bloom in winter, which has been verified. At the same time, it can also be explained as Wu Zetian's rebellious psychology towards peony, a symbol of the Tang Dynasty.

Bai Juyi praised in "Peony Pavilion": "Flowers bloom and fall for 20 days, and a city is crazy." This shows that the world's love for peony at that time has reached a crazy level. Some peonies are called "Yang Fei intoxicated" and "too real crown". Comparing Peony with Yang Guifei is not only to beautify Yang Guifei, but also a means for Li Tang's descendants to carry forward the subjectivity and tradition of the dynasty destroyed by Wu Zetian. Therefore, from ancient times when there was no concept of national flower, peony actually played the role of China's national flower. For China people, the meaning of peony has gone beyond the flower itself, and it has become a part of China people's spiritual life.

In the Ming Dynasty, the National Flower Hall in Gokurakuji was a good place to watch peonies. Although it is not the national flower, it is possible that the Peony Garden in Gokurakuji was named the National Flower Pavilion because people from the emperor down to the people have a soft spot for peony flowers.

According to the proposal No.0440 of the Second Session of the Eighth National People's Congress (1994), with the approval of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Flower Association was entrusted with the specific organization work. The China Flower Association led and organized a wide and in-depth national flower selection activity throughout the country. The establishment of the national flower selection leading group, discussed by the expert group, determined that the China national flower selection conditions are as follows:

(1) has a long history of cultivation and strong adaptability, and it is influential in most parts of China and occupies a leading position in the world.

(2) The posture and color characteristics of flowers can reflect the excellent tradition and personality characteristics of the Chinese nation.

(3) It is widely used, loved by the broad masses of people and has high social, environmental and economic benefits.

Since the China Flower Association organized and led the discussion on the national flower all over the country, China Flower News has published the news that many famous people and the masses have had a heated discussion on the selection of the national flower. According to the publication of China Flower News, there are plum blossom, peony, chrysanthemum, orchid, rose, rhododendron, camellia, lotus, osmanthus fragrans, Chinese narcissus, pomegranate, wintersweet, Yingchun, peach blossom, rhododendron, daylily, camellia chrysantha, Daphne, Lagerstroemia indica and Gardenia which have been nominated as candidates for China's national flowers. After nearly ten months of discussion, the task has been successfully completed.

According to the results reported by 3 1 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities (including Shenzhen Special Economic Zone), one country-Hua is in favor.

There are 18 provinces, accounting for 58.06%. There are 1 1 in the provinces in favor of four flowers in one country (peony, plum blossom, chrysanthemum and lotus), accounting for 35.48%. Two provinces put forward a new plan of four flowers, that is, exchanging orchids for lotus flowers, accounting for 6.45%. After careful study, the National Leading Group for National Flower Selection unanimously agreed that "Peony" is the national flower of China. Other popular orchids (spring), lotus (summer), chrysanthemum (autumn) and plum blossom (winter) are the four famous flowers in China. In this way, orchid (spring), lotus (summer), chrysanthemum (autumn) and plum (winter) are divided into four seasons, and peony is the chief. The national flower and the famous flowers of the four seasons form the trend of holding the moon with many stars, which can better reflect the spirit of prosperity, integrity and nobility of our Chinese nation.