How can I raise Platycodon grandiflorum?

Cultivation techniques of platycodon grandiflorum;

First, the breeding technology

In order to propagate Platycodon grandiflorum, it is necessary to select high-yield plants to keep seeds, and the inflorescences on the side branches should be removed in late August, so that nutrients can be concentrated for the development of middle and upper fruits, promote seed fullness and improve seed quality. The capsule was changed to Yellowstone, the whole plant was cut off, put in a ventilated and dry place for ripening, and then dried and threshed for later use. Direct seeding or seedling transplanting is usually adopted, which has higher yield, less fork roots and better quality than transplanting. Sowing can be done in autumn, winter and spring, and autumn sowing is the best.

1, seed selection

Platycodon grandiflorum seeds should not be aged for more than 2 years (seed aging 1 year germination rate is reduced by more than 70%), and germination tests should be carried out before planting to ensure that the seed germination rate is above 70%.

The specific method of germination test is: take a small amount of seeds, soak them in warm water at 40 ~ 50℃ for 8 ~ 12 hours, take them out, drain the water, put them on a cloth, mix them with wet sand, accelerate germination at about 25℃, pay attention to turning over and spraying water in time, and germinate for 4 ~ 6 days.

Step 2 sow seeds

Platycodon grandiflorum can be planted in spring or summer. Spring sowing should be soaked with warm scalding, so that the seedlings can emerge early. That is, put the seeds in warm water, then stir them until the water is cold, and then soak them for 8 hours. The place where the seeds are wrapped with wet cloth is covered with wet sacks, and washed with warm water once every morning and evening for about 5 days, and the seeds can be sown when they germinate. Scatter the seeds evenly in the ditch. Because the seeds are small, fine sand can be mixed with the seeds before sowing. After sowing, cover them with soil or ashes. After sowing in arid areas, water them to keep them moist. The amount of seeds used per mu is 500 ~ 750g. Pay attention to loosening soil and weeding when seedlings emerge. When the seedling height is about 2 cm, it is necessary to carry out thinning and leave strong seedlings according to the distance between plants. Where the seedlings are sparse or broken, they should be replanted on cloudy days. After applying diluted human and animal manure, cover it, then apply it again and cultivate the soil to prevent lodging. Cover after daubing. In addition, you should always loosen the soil and weed, and water it in time early in the day. It is usually harvested in late autumn or early spring after sowing and before germination.

Platycodon grandiflorum should prevent beneficial roots, and it is best to have straight, long, solid and less branched roots. Cultivated Platycodon grandiflorum often has multiple roots, some are dichotomous, some are trident, some are short and thick, and some are lateral. It affects the quality very much. If more than one seedling has bifurcated roots, the stronger the seedlings are, the more the growth of the main roots will be affected. On the contrary, one plant and one seedling have no branching roots and branching roots. It seems that solving the root bifurcation problem of platycodon grandiflorum is very simple. As long as the cultivated platycodon grandiflorum is one plant and one seedling, there is no branch root and no branch root. Therefore, the redundant signs should be eliminated at any time, especially when the next spring returns to green, and more signs are most likely to appear. At this time, special attention should be paid to removing redundant signs and keeping one plant and one seedling. At the same time, more phosphate fertilizer should be applied, less helium and potassium fertilizer should be applied, so as to prevent the overground part from growing white and topping when necessary, reduce nutrient consumption and promote the normal growth of roots.

It takes about 25 days for dry seeds to emerge, and about 10 days for accelerating seed emergence. Weeds should be removed in time after the seedlings are unearthed. If the seedlings are too dense, it is necessary to interplant them in time, every 10 cm2 10 ~ 12 plants, every 5 cm 1 plant (about 60,000 plants per mu), and loosen the soil. Weeding should also be done at the right time in the later stage. In addition, the balloon has a long flowering period, which will consume a lot of nutrients and affect the root growth. In addition to planting fields, flowers and fruits should be drained in time to improve the yield and quality of roots.

Second, on-site management

1, land selection

Platycodon grandiflorum is suitable to grow in loose soil, especially in sloping fields and mountainous areas, and the best terrain is semi-cloudy and semi-sunny, and the flat cultivation should have good drainage conditions. Platycodon grandiflorum is not suitable for continuous cropping

2. Soil preparation

Platycodon grandiflorum has a long fleshy root, so it is best to cultivate it on the ridge. Sprinkle farmyard manure in early spring (middle and late April) to make the plow and harrow fine and flat (30cm deep). When ridging, lay a grid line every 2 meters on the ground, and then pull the soil in the ditch to both sides to make a ridge bed with a ridge width of 1.7 meters and a groove width of about 30 cm. In case of drought, irrigation can be carried out along the ditch to prepare for sowing.

Step 3 apply fertilizer

Before planting platycodon grandiflorum in the field, 2,000-3,000 kilograms of farm manure, 40 kilograms of grain compound fertilizer and 30 kilograms of calcium superphosphate can be applied per mu. In order to control grubs, farmyard manure can be applied with 1 kg methyl bromide powder per ton when ploughing, and can be applied before ploughing. In the later stage, it is mainly manure water or urea, which can be applied in July of that year and July-August of the following year. About 2 tons of manure water can be applied once per mu, and the concentration can be about 10%. If the concentration is high after topdressing, the seedlings should be washed with clear water in time.

Third, disease control.

1, root rot: it harms the roots, and the affected roots appear black and brown spots, and then rot until the whole plant dies.

Prevention and control methods:

(1) water the ward with carbendazim 1000 times solution.

(2) Pay attention to drainage after rain, and the site should not be too wet.

2. Powdery mildew: mainly harms leaves. At the time of onset, the diseased leaves were covered with gray powder, which was so serious that the whole plant withered.

Prevention and treatment methods: at the initial stage of the disease, spray with Bomei 0.3 degree sulfur mixture or Baibaijing 500 times solution or spray with 20% triadimefon powder 1800 times solution.

3. Root-knot nematodiasis: When endangered, there is a pathological process in the roots, and the stems and leaves on the ground wither early.

Control method: Applying 1500kg/ ha tea seed cake fertilizer as base fertilizer can reduce the harm, and disinfect the soil with lime nitrogen or dibromochloropropane before sowing.

4. Purple feather disease: it was seriously damaged in mid-September, and the roots rotted in June 5438+ 10. The damaged root system turned red in the early stage, covered with reticulate reddish-brown hyphae, and formed purple sclerotia the size of mung beans in the later stage, and the stems and leaves withered and died.

Control methods: avoid continuous cropping and implement crop rotation; Pull out the diseased plants and burn them. Fill the diseased areas with 5% lime water for disinfection.

5. Anthracnose: In July and August, the temperature is high and the humidity is high, so it is easy to get sick and spread rapidly, and the plants fall off and die in pieces, which mainly harms the stem base. At first, brown spots appeared at the base of the stem and gradually spread around the stem. Later, the diseased part contracted and the plant fell down.

Prevention and control methods: The seedlings are sprayed with 500 times solution of 20% bactericide wettable powder before they are unearthed, and sprayed with Bordeaux solution 1:100 times solution or 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder at the initial stage of the disease, and sprayed every 10d for 3-0 times continuously.

6. Ring rot and leaf blight: damage to leaves. Spray 1: 1: 100 bordeaux solution or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times solution continuously for 2 ~ 3 times at the initial stage of onset.

7. Pseudo-Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga: It harms the root of Platycodon grandiflorum, and can spray 800 times of 90% trichlorfon or 50% EC 1000 times of phoxim in the mating period of adults from March to April and the larval stage from May to June.