Muha resume

Alfonce Maria Mushayu 1860 was born in Ivanchis, a small town in Moravia, a devout religious family. When he was a child, he was a member of the choir of St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church in Brno, Morovia. This church preserves a wealth of works of art in Baroque style, and every time Muha walks into this church, he is deeply infected by these wonderful arts. After graduating from high school, Muha decided to become a painter instead of working in the local court as his father hoped.

1879, he went to Vienna to paint scenes for a company's performance, and later designed tombstones for a period of time. 1883, Muha met his later long-term patron, Count Hoon Belasi, in Mikulov. The count first invited Muha to decorate his castle in Austria, and later sponsored Muha to study at Munich Art Institute in 1885. Two years later, in 1887, like many aspiring artists of his time, Muha finally came to Paris to study at Julian College.

Two years later, his sponsors suddenly stopped supporting him, and Muha was in a very embarrassing situation. He is almost thirty years old, with no money and no future. He is an artist who may starve to death almost at any time. In order to make a living, he took on the illustration work of many books and magazines, although the pay was very low. In the next five years, Muha often borrowed money to live and could only eat lentils to satisfy his hunger. When he was ill, he had no money to treat him. Really poor. But his artistic style was gradually formed during this period.

The connecting flight took place in 1894. Famous actress Sarah? When living in poverty, bernhardt called the painter and invited him to draw a poster for his new play Gismonda. Muha wore a rented tuxedo to the theater to watch bernhardt's performance, and then drew a sketch of the poster on the table of the cafe next to the theater. Fortunately, his sketch was accepted. His unique poster works were quickly accepted by the public with the success of the performance, and the replica of this poster sold very well. Muha became a household name almost overnight. Bernhardt was so satisfied with her work that she signed a six-year contract with him, including designing posters, tickets, stage sets and costumes for her. Other orders poured in, and after struggling in Paris for seven years, Muha finally succeeded at the age of 34.

The next few years are the maturity of Muha's style. His works are not only huge, but also span many artistic fields.

Poster:

Sarah's Muha? Bernhardt and "De La Renaissance" Theatre created a series of posters, which were brought to the United States with bernhardt's trip to the United States and influenced the style of American posters.

Decorative group painting:

Muha created many decorative group paintings called "Panneaux décoratifs" (a set of four pictures created around the same theme, often printed on flexible paper or silk fabrics to decorate walls), including 1896 "Four Seasons", 1897 "Four Flowers" and1897.

Advertising painting and commodity packaging painting:

Muha also created a large number of advertising paintings and commodity packaging paintings (from biscuits and bicycles to soap and cigarettes), because the sweet female images and extremely delicate details he painted conformed to the concept that beauty meant quality at that time;

Jewelry design:

During the six-year contract, Muha designed many jewels for bernhardt. 1990, he and goldsmith George? George Fouquet collaborated to design jewelry for the latter's jewelry store;

Architectural design:

1899, Muha designed the Bosnia and Herzegovina Pavilion for the international exposition held in Paris the following year, and won the silver medal for it.

oil painting

1906 After moving to America, he created many oil paintings and portraits.

107 pieces of Muha's107 works were exhibited in February, 1997, at the Bourdieu Gallery in Paris. 1902, Muha published Documents Decoratifs, which is a craftsman's manual. He hopes to pass on his artistic ideas to future generations through this book.

Muha's works absorbed the elegant depiction of Japanese woodcut in shape and outline, the colorful colors and geometric decorative effects of Byzantine art, and the meticulous and perceptual depiction of Baroque and Rococo art. He created a character called "Muha style" with perceptual decorative lines, concise outline and vivid watercolor effect. After his processing, all female images appear sweet and elegant, with exquisite figure, youthful vitality and sometimes elegant and supple hair. His paintings are often composed of beautiful young women and decorative flowers with smooth curves. (Salome on the right)

Unlike other artists, Muha is also a photographer, and he uses photography technology to assist his creation. He asked the model to pose as he needed and take pictures. Then, according to the photos, he arranged and processed the clothes and hair on the screen. After special composition and flower decoration, he finally finished his creation. Many of his posters are based on photos, and many of the posters he painted for bernhardt are stills from artists or photos taken by artists themselves. This habit actually comes from his poor life experience before he became famous, because every time he hired a model, he had to pay a high fee according to the time, which was beyond the affordability of such a poor Muha. Recording the model's image with photos can not only accumulate materials, but also save a lot of money. Later, Muha regarded photography as an auxiliary tool as important as sketch.

Muha has a deep love for his hometown Czech Republic. He believes that his success is not only a personal achievement, but also an achievement of the Czech people. During his stay in the United States, Bedrich Smetana's symphonic poem "vltava river" played by the Boston Philharmonic Orchestra deeply moved Muha, and he decided to return to his hometown. 19 10, Muha gave up the reputation and comfortable life brought by the success of commercial painting, and ended his long-term guest life in France and the United States with his family and returned to his hometown. At this time, Slavs were fighting against the Habsburg dynasty of Austria-Hungary for national independence. Strong national feelings prompted 50-year-old Muha to conceive a grand theme: "Slavic epic". This masterpiece depicts an unforgettable scene in the long historical process of Slavic peoples, including the Czech Republic, from prehistory to19th century. The whole theme includes twenty giant oil paintings (6 10╳8 10cm). Muha originally planned to finish it in five to six years, but he didn't expect that the whole project started in191year and took him eighteen years. In this series, he devoted almost all his efforts, because they contained all Muha's hopes and dreams for the motherland. He once wrote: "The purpose of my creation is by no means to destroy, but to create and build an eternal bridge, because we must have such hope that only by better understanding each other will mankind be more United."

Slavic epic The Abolition of Russian serfdom (1861)1914)

Although Muha has achieved great success in the field of commercial painting, he is not satisfied with his heart and has always wanted to create some serious works that can truly represent his consciousness. Slavic Epic is regarded by Muha as the summary of his artistic career, and he devoted a lot of time and energy to this theme. He not only consulted experts on Slavic history, but also did a lot of research on the environment and related figures of the selected historical scenes. In Central Europe at the beginning of the 20th century, the rural scenery, people's lifestyles and folk costumes have not changed much compared with those of centuries ago, so Muha often travels through the countryside with cameras and sketchbooks, passionately seeking inspiration and collecting materials for his works. Although these oil paintings still attach great importance to the layout of the picture and the delicate description of the details, they are very different from the previous commercial paintings, and they show more dignified historical precipitation and profound realistic foundation. The protagonist of the picture is no longer the same girl, but a vivid image of Slavs in real life, and the picture is full of rough life texture; Style is no longer a pure decoration, but more a symbol. These oil paintings do embody all the artist's artistic talents, but they are not as famous as his commercial works.

19 181October 28th, shortly after the end of World War I, independent Czechoslovakia was born. A few weeks later, on1February 18, this new country issued the first set of stamps, and Muha was the designer of this set of stamps (I'm afraid no other country has such a famous artist designed the first set of stamps for it). Muha also designed paper money for this new country. He contributed his strength to the motherland in his own way.

1928, 20 oil paintings of the whole Slavic epic series were all completed, and Muha donated them to Prague, but he didn't get a warm response. At this time, the trend of the Art Nouveau movement has passed, and supporters of mass modern art have denounced the so-called "19th century" style. In the change of artistic taste, Muha became the "laggard" of the times. Although Muha's works are still very popular with the public, because his art is not "new", art critics have not paid much attention to his painstaking works.

When Germany invaded Czechoslovakia, he became one of the first people arrested by the Germans. Although he was allowed to go home after the trial, his health was damaged. 1July, 939 14, he died of pneumonia in Prague and was buried in Vishehra Cemetery.