What is the amazing tomb of Tutankhamun?

The discovery of Tutankhamun Mausoleum is the pinnacle of Egyptian archaeological achievements and an important turning point in Egyptian archaeological history. This great discovery is related to the name of an English archaeologist named howard carter. In addition, Lord carnarvon, who funded his excavation, also participated in this greatest discovery.

1903, Carter went to Egypt. 1906, he started his own archaeological excavation. At first, they chose a small place in the tomb valley to dig, and this place was chosen correctly, which should be said to be lucky.

Carnarvon and Carter are standing on the hill overlooking the Wangling Valley, where dozens of people have dug before. Unfortunately, those pioneers didn't leave a detailed map, not even a paper sketch. The valley is full of piles of excavated rubble, and the whole valley bottom looks a bit like the surface of the moon. There are entrances to graves in the rubble, which have been developed. The only way now is to dig down systematically and comprehensively.

Egyptian cultural relics management director Maspiro, when signing the document approving Lord carnarvon's development of the Valley of the Kings, frankly stated that he believed that the mausoleum had been completely excavated, and it was a waste of time to investigate and study now. He was sure that nothing could be dug in the Valley of the Kings.

After hearing many negative statements, Carter still thought it was possible to find the ancient tomb and knew whose tomb it was.

King Tutankhamun's golden mask, Canavon and Carter began to dig. After a winter's work, they basically cleaned up the rubble on the surface and dug up the tomb of Ramses VI. "We found that many houses of workers who built graves at that time were built on huge rocks, and graves can often be found near these rocks in the Valley of the Kings."

But after two winters, they still have no real harvest. After several discussions, they decided to dig until the last winter. This excavation site was the goal that Carter should concentrate on six years ago. They tore down the workshop and cleaned up the soil, and immediately saw the entrance of Tutankhamun, the most luxurious tomb in Egypt. Carter wrote: "This sudden discovery really stunned me, and then months of continuous harvest followed, so busy that I didn't even think about it."

1922165438+1On October 24th, the workers cleaned the last stone steps. Carter walked down the 16 stone steps and faced the closed tomb door. He clearly saw Tutankhamun's seal, but at the same time he also saw the situation that Egyptian archaeologists often encountered-the tomb was dug and grave robbers did something here.

However, the grave robbers did not rob the grave. With the cleaning of the second door, they saw many great things. Many valuable cultural relics are easily damaged, so they must be protected before moving out, at least immediately after moving out. Therefore, a large number of protection and packaging materials must be prepared.

Since the discovery of the mausoleum, many people all over the world have expressed their willingness to provide generous help. Many foreign experts participated in this work, and made contributions to making this unprecedented Egyptian archaeology more thorough and accurate.

These people are first-class experts, some of whom have nothing to do with archaeology. Thanks to their joint efforts, the cultural relics in the mausoleum have made unprecedented contributions to science after being safely and smoothly removed.

Among them, the appearance of Tutankhamun sarcophagus is the most wonderful. This is a masterpiece: the whole coffin is made of a whole piece of fine yellow stone, weighing about 1 ton. When people open the sarcophagus, the first thing they see is the lid of a "human coffin" with a golden statue of the young king lying on it, as bright as it was when it was first baked. The head and hands of the golden statue are three-dimensional, the body is decorated with bas-reliefs, the whole body is beautifully decorated, the hands are crossed, the hooks and Jia Lian symbolizing kingship are held, and the blue glaze is inlaid. The face is made of pure gold, the eyes are made of aragonite and obsidian, and the eyebrows and eyelids are made of large bluestone glass. The expression on her face is serious and cold, but lifelike.

The coffin is a three-story coffin, and the second floor is a portrait of the young Pharaoh. He was dressed in a formal dress and decorated all over. Nothing new was found when the third coffin was opened, but during the whole operation, the workers felt that these coffins were surprisingly heavy and difficult to understand. There are many strange phenomena in this tomb, and later people found another one.

Photographer Berton took photos, and Carter took off the wreath and cloth to understand why the coffin was heavy-the third coffin was made of pure gold.

People put down a few golden Buddha heads, then removed the lid of the last coffin with a golden hand to expose the mummy, and finally everyone saw Tutankhamun's body.

Judging from many pictures, reliefs and articles for daily use in the tomb, Tutankhamun gives the impression that he has a lovely personality, but he knows nothing about his political achievements or his political achievements as an Egyptian ruler. A king who has only lived for 18 years probably won't achieve much. Carter said that as far as we know, the only outstanding achievement of Tutankhamun's life is that he died and was buried, which is reasonable.

The Pharaoh's mummy is both luxurious and terrible. A lot of ointment was poured on the body, which was hard and black, and the shroud clung to the body.

The whole mummy has turned black and deformed, but a golden mask covering the head and shoulders is glittering, showing the majesty of the emperor. The gold mask and mummy's feet were not painted with black oil.

The second coffin is a wooden coffin, the third coffin is a gold coffin, and the gold coffin is nested in the second wooden coffin. People tried to separate them several times, but all failed. Finally, the whole coffin was heated to 932℃, and it took a lot of effort to succeed. After the mummies were removed, people used gold coffins and iron sheets to protect them.

Dr. Deli, the anatomist, cut open the mummy and the wrapping cloth outside. Except for the face and feet, the whole mummy is in a bad state. The rosin contained in the oil will burn after oxidation, which will not only destroy the wrapping cloth, but also burn the muscles and bones into coke. 143 pieces of various gems were found in the mummy's cloth. The Pharaoh, who was only 18 years old, was wrapped in layers of gold and jewels.