"Three Disciplines and Eight Notices" was originally a Prussian military song.

From 65438 to 0984, at the 23rd Olympic Games held in Los Angeles, the melody of "Three Disciplines and Eight Notices", which is very familiar to Chinese people, sounded when the China sports delegation entered the stadium. Then, the Chinese Taipei team entered the stadium, and the tune of "Three Disciplines and Eight Notices" sounded again. This detail surprised many China viewers who watched the program at that time: Did the officials of the Olympic Organizing Committee make a mistake? On the occasion of the August 1st Army Day in 2009, He Fang, the former head of the front-line song and dance troupe of Nanjing Military Region and a famous composer, talked with reporters about the past 25 years ago. He said that this melody actually existed before the birth of this song, and as early as the national revolution, different versions of songs created by it were widely sung in China. Obviously, letting China athletes from both sides of the Taiwan Straits enter the stadium with the same familiar music shows the good intentions of the Olympic Organizing Committee. On the other hand, where did the melody of the three major disciplines and eight notices come from? He Fang revealed this "secret" to reporters. The origin of "Three Disciplines and Eight Attentions" He Fang told reporters that this song first appeared in the Red Army period. During the Jinggangshan period, many Red Army soldiers walked out of the old warlord's army with the bad habits of the old army, which aroused Mao Zedong's deep concern and thus formulated the "three major disciplines". In the summer of 1928, Mao Zedong added "six points for attention": 1. Upper door panel; Second, bundle grass; Third, speak kindly; Fourth, fair trade; Fifth, borrow things to return; Sixth, the damaged things should be compensated. The reason for "installing doors" and "bundling grass" is that when the troops were stationed at that time, people's doors were often used as boards and straw was used as grass. The height and size of each door panel are different. When the troops are withdrawn, they will not be returned to their original owners, and many door panels will not fit into tenons. Therefore, it is stipulated that the door panels should be installed and the grass should be tied before going. In order to remember the contents of "three major disciplines and six attentions", the army began to teach and sing "Red Army Discipline Song". The lyrics are: close the door, cut the grass and tidy up the house. Speak kindly and make a fair deal. You must compensate for the loss and pay off the loan. Later, two items were added to the "six points for attention", namely "avoid women when taking a bath" and "don't search prisoners' pockets". The songwriter is a mystery. In 1930s, the song "Three Disciplines and Eight Notices" appeared. Because the lyrics are vividly integrated into the discipline of the army, the melody is magnificent and powerful, and it quickly spreads among the Red Army soldiers and the masses. After the Red Army, the Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army, the People's Liberation Army and other periods, the content of the lyrics has also changed and has been enduring. After the founding of New China, the General Political Department of the People's Liberation Army of China revised the lyrics of eight notices of three major disciplines twice in 1950 and 1957. 1957 published 14 issue of "Three Disciplines and Eight Notices" officially published the standard lyrics of "People's Liberation Army Soldiers", that is, the lyrics that are sung now. 12 On June 12, Mao Zedong presided over the the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee meeting and announced the exchange of commanders of the eight military regions. At the meeting, participants were suggested to sing "Three Disciplines and Eight Notices". However, in the past few decades, no one can tell the lyrics and songwriter of this song. On March 26th, 1973, a veteran cadre named Cheng Tan wrote to Premier Zhou Enlai, claiming that he was the lyricist of the eight notices of the three major disciplines, and explained the process of lyricism in detail. However, due to the "Cultural Revolution" period, this letter was transferred to the Ministry of Culture of the General Political Department, and there was no following. So, is Cheng Tan really the lyricist of Three Disciplines and Eight Notices? Is it evolved from the folk songs of Hubei, Henan and Anhui Soviet areas? After the "Cultural Revolution", in April 1978 and October 1980 10, the Culture Department of the General Political Department sent a special person to investigate the historical situation of this song, and collected relevant materials, which confirmed that Cheng Tan was the lyricist of "Three Disciplines and Eight Notices". Pei Zhihai, a professional writer in the Literature Workshop of the Political Department of Nanjing Military Region, told reporters that the "Memoirs of Liu Huaqing" published in 2004 also mentioned the birth process of the three major disciplines and eight notices. After the Red Fifteen Army moved from Hubei, Henan and Anhui base areas to northern Shaanxi, it was reorganized into the Red Fifteen Army Corps. Cheng Tan, Secretary General of the Political Department, found Liu Huaqing and Su Ge, then the propaganda section chief.

However, many music lovers go to Hubei, Henan, Anhui and other places to collect folk songs, only to find that the tone, mode and even syntax of this song lack the necessary connection with other local popular folk songs. What's going on here? Who is the composer of Song Feng Yu Xiang? He Fang told reporters that during the war years, due to the lack of composers, the tunes of many songs came directly from existing folk songs, old military songs or foreign songs. The same is true of this song, which comes from the folk song "Three Disciplines and Eight Notices" in Hubei, Henan and Anhui Soviet Area, but this folk song also draws lessons from other songs, namely "Three Disciplines and Eight Notices" by Feng Yuxiang's troops. Before the Agrarian Revolution, Feng Yuxiang was the governor of Henan, and his troops were stationed in Henan for a long time. Feng Yuxiang attaches great importance to the training methods and spiritual education of officers and men, among which singing is an important activity. The song "The Agrarian Revolution is Completed" is sung the most. The original lyrics are: "The five ethnic groups are constitutional, and knowing today is the highest training. The rebellion of the Boxer Rebellion is well known. If you don't join the army, the country is undefended. Please see how clever foreign ordnance is and how tall armored troops are. Compatriots are trained like tigers and leopards. If they don't practice, they can't avenge their country. In the military camp, the education level of each battalion is lower than others. " Because of the frequent singing in the army, the lyrics are easy to understand and the tunes are simple, which soon spread in the later Hubei, Henan and Anhui Soviet areas. So, is Feng Yuxiang the composer of the Three Disciplines and Eight Commandments, or did he hire someone to do it? The answer is no, and the completion of the agrarian revolution is also based on the existing tunes. So where did its tunes come from? Is Zhang Zhidong the composer of this song? At this time, there are many opinions. Someone wrote, "The tune of the revolutionary song Xun Ge is actually that Xun Ge imitates Zhang". Zhu Yong, a famous scholar, also holds this view in his article Song of Training. "The training song sung by Feng Jun is just one of many versions, but its source can be traced back." Teacher Han, who teaches music in the Department of Cultural Management of the People's Liberation Army Art College, definitely told reporters that in 1904, Zhang Zhidong, who edited and trained the new army in Hubei Province, compiled "Three Disciplines and Eight Notices", the second paragraph of which was entitled "Song of Military Commanders": "The imperial court wanted to protect the overall situation of peace, and the commander-in-chief practiced new exercises as instructed. First, I am determined to repay your kindness. Second, my homework has to be taught by the government. March 3, no disturbance. Our wages are the wealth of the people. Fourth, like your personality and reputation. Fifth, don't quarrel with the army. " Zhang's "Marshal" begins like this: "The five ethnic groups of the Chinese nation all have a good republic, so we know that today's training is the highest. Everyone knows that the training of the commander-in-chief is the highest, and there is no guarantee that the country will not be a soldier. Look at the dexterity of foreign ordnance, the reorganization of armaments and the strength of soldiers, all of which are like the joint training of tigers and leopards, ensuring the peace and happiness of the country. As can be seen from the lyrics, Zhang Zhidong, as the governor of Hubei Province in the Qing Dynasty, had lyrics such as "Imperial Court", "Being instructed to practice new exercises" and "Determined to repay kindness", while serving in the military became "a good Republic of the five ethnic groups of the Chinese nation", and the time sequence was clear at a glance. In other words, the tune of Feng Yuxiang's army's "Military Song" may come from Zhang, and the tune of "Military Song" comes from Zhang Zhidong's "Military Song". Is this the origin of the song? Zeng Guofan's Xun Ge is similar to Marshal Xun Ge. " No, it can be traced back. "Teacher Han said." Could it be Zeng Guofan? "The reporter asked a question, because Zeng Guofan, an important official in the late Qing Dynasty, also liked to educate soldiers with easy-to-understand songs, covering marching, fighting, camping, camping and so on. And interestingly, in 1858, Zeng Guofan also wrote a song, "Song of Training", which is really similar to "Military Song": "All three armies should listen carefully and love the people before they leave. First, don't be lazy when camping and don't take other people's house numbers. Second, look carefully, there must always be a finance room at 65438+ every night. Zeng Guofan's Taiping prisoners should be lenient and not kill innocent people.

Fourth, don't kill. If you lose your weapon, let it go. "This song also happens to be eight" Don't Kill "." It has nothing to do with Zeng Guofan's two songs. The tune of Marshal Xun Ge can be traced back to Love Folk Song written by Yuan Shikai's new army. "Teacher Han said. Yuan Shikai's "Three Disciplines and Eight Notices" is taken from Prussian military songs. Teacher Han told reporters that the "prince" in love ballads actually refers to Yuan Shikai. 1894, 1894 After the defeat of the Sino-Japanese War in 1894, the Qing government made up its mind to reform the army and train new recruits by imitating the western army. Yuan Shikai was ordered to train at Tianjin Railway Station and founded the first new army in modern China. The recruits recruited by Yuan Shikai have strict standards. Farmers around the age of 20 are not allowed as long as they are strong, simple-minded and have bad hobbies. This new army adopts the organizational system of German and Japanese troops, and employs a large number of German instructors and a small number of American and Japanese instructors, among which the number of German instructors is the largest, exceeding 10. Most soldiers from peasant backgrounds can't read or remember so many rules. In this case, Hanlin Xu Shichang, general manager of the General Staff Office of the New Army, compiled a series of military songs, such as the first chapter of Three Disciplines and Eight Notices, to help soldiers remember rules and disciplines. Xu Shichang chose the tune of a Prussian military song to write lyrics for "Dissolution Song". This Prussian military song, originally named "Three Disciplines and Eight Attentions", is very suitable for the parade to sing together. "Song of Training" was introduced to China by a German instructor hired by Yuan Shikai. Obviously, the tune of the military song "DuDu Xun Ge" was the first time that the Qing government borrowed the Prussian military song tune as the lyrics of the queue song when training the new army in the19th century. After the Republic of China, various factions of Beiyang Warlords, the National Revolutionary Army and the Red Army of Workers, Peasants and Peasants in Hubei, Henan and Anhui all used this song to write new words, which became a military song and became a familiar melody for generations of China people. It is not surprising that both the China Sports Delegation and the Chinese Taipei Team played during the 1984 Olympic Games in March this year. Attachment: The Song of Marshal Training also had such a legendary experience? He Fang, a famous composer, told reporters that the popular children's song in China is "A Marshal's Training Song": "Two tigers, two tigers, run fast, one has no ears and the other has no tail. It's weird. "It is also the tune of European children's songs, which originated from Gregorian hymns in the 10 century. After it was introduced to China, Kuang wrote "Marshal Xun Ge", which became the military song of the Northern Expedition Army. The lyrics are: "Down with the great powers, down with the great powers, except warlords! Except warlords! Fight for the national revolution, fight for the national revolution, fight together, fight together. "During the Second Agrarian Revolution, * * * people wrote the lyrics" Ode to the Kaiser Wilhelm "with this tune:" Down with local tyrants, down with local tyrants, divide fields, divide fields. We want to be masters, we want to be masters, so happy! Really happy! "Lyrics Revolutionary soldiers should keep in mind the three disciplines and eight points for attention; First, all actions must be obeyed. Only by keeping pace can we win. Second, don't take the needle and thread of the masses. The masses support me and like me. Third, all seized items should be returned to the public and efforts should be made to reduce the burden on the people. Do three disciplines and don't forget to pay attention to eight points. First, have a good attitude, respect the masses, and be neither arrogant nor impetuous; Second, the buying and selling price should be fair, and public buying and selling should not be overbearing; The third borrower's things have been used, so don't throw them in his face. Fourth, if something is damaged, pay compensation according to the price. Fifth, no swearing, and resolutely overcome the warlord style; Sixth, take care of the crops of the masses and pay attention to them everywhere in marching operations; Seventh, don't flirt with women. Rogue habits must be changed. Eighth, don't mistreat prisoners, beat and scold them, and search their pockets. Everyone should consciously abide by discipline, and mutual supervision must not be violated. All revolutionary disciplines should be kept in mind. People's soldiers love people everywhere. Defending the motherland and advancing forever are supported and welcomed by the people all over the country. Schematic diagram of music inheritance Prussian military song "Training Song of German Emperor William"