Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Photography major - Matrix awakening photography
Matrix awakening photography
201710/7 "alphago" broke another big news after several months of silence. As the latest version of "AlphaGo Zero", after only a few hours of self-reinforcement learning from scratch, it defeated the "old brand" AlphaGo who defeated the famous Korean chess player Li Shishi Jiu Duan last year with a record of 100:0. As soon as this news came out, "artificial intelligence" once again became a hot spot. This thing, which used to only appear in science fiction works, seems to be getting closer to the real world. ...
Skynet or matrix?
Since 1956 first put forward the word "artificial intelligence (AI)" at Dartmouth Conference, it has become a hot topic in science fiction. 1977, george lucas released the movie Star Wars, embracing artificial intelligence optimistically and enthusiastically. This film created two lovely robot images R2-D2 and C-3PO. These two robots are humorous and have always been good helpers of human beings. Interestingly, Lucas' Star Wars series highlights the appearance of the machine. R2-D2 looks like a walking machine, full of sprouting, while C-3PO basically has human characteristics, but it still has obvious machine characteristics in gait, metal shell, voice and so on.
At the same time, the relationship between artificial intelligence and human future has also become a controversial topic. If artificial intelligence is constantly evolving, with the intensification of uncertain risks brought about by scientific and technological progress, once robots stand on the opposite side of human beings, will human beings suffer extinction? This has also become the theme of repeated performance of science fiction works. At the beginning of sci-fi artificial intelligence movies in the 1980s and 1990s, the imagination of the destruction of the earth had already appeared.
1984 In the movie Terminator directed by James Cameron, the US military successfully developed an advanced artificial intelligence "Skynet" to control the national missile defense system. Originally, it was only to enhance the strength of the US military, but it didn't take long for Skynet to have self-awareness after controlling all the weapon systems of the US military. The awakened Skynet thinks that human beings are a threat to its development, so it turns to attack its creator. In 2029, the earth destroyed by nuclear weapons was ruled by artificial intelligence "Skynet", and human beings were almost wiped out. Under the leadership of the leader kate connor, the remaining human beings bravely fought against Skynet and turned the situation around. In order to change all this, Skynet made a time reversal device, and sent a Terminator humanoid robot T-800 with human skin and muscle but super alloy steel structure inside to 1984 to kill John's mother sarah connor and prevent John from being born. John discovered the plot and occupied Skynet's laboratory in Los Angeles. Kyle reese, a rebel soldier, voluntarily returned to 1984 to protect Sarah through a time travel device. Finally, I managed to trap the T-800 in the hydraulic press and crush it into a pile of scrap iron.
In the Matrix trilogy, which was released at the turn of the century and directed by the Wachowski brothers, the future situation of human beings became even more desperate: in 20XX, human beings invented artificial intelligence, but unfortunately, robots controlled by AI rebelled, broke out with human beings, and human beings were losing ground. As a last resort, the whole sky was covered with dark clouds to cut off the robot's energy (solar energy), but the robot developed new energy. Powerful artificial intelligence replaces human beings as the masters of the world, while the human body is placed in a container filled with nutrient solution, which is stuffed with various plugs to receive sensory stimulation signals from the computer system. Humans rely on these signals to live in a completely virtual illusion-"mother". Artificial intelligence uses program code to write a highly realistic world for human books, so that people's thoughts are controlled, while the body becomes a power source, providing bioelectricity for the mechanical world of artificial intelligence.
Man and Artificial Intelligence for 200 Years
In fact, long before the invention of the film, science fiction works have already formed an indissoluble bond with artificial intelligence (robots). As a literary form, modern science fiction originated in Britain, the birthplace of the industrial revolution, in the early19th century. The first modern science fiction novel recognized by western science fiction circles is Frankenstein: Modern Prometheus, published in 18 18, written by mary shelley, the wife of the famous British poet Shelley. The novel describes Frankenstein, an aristocratic young man, who, with the ambition of exploring the mysteries of life, experimented to create human beings. But when the ugly "monster" was created, it triggered a series of murders, and the "monster" disappeared into the Arctic ice sheet after the hero's death. Strictly speaking, it is controversial whether this story can be classified as a robot theme, because the text of the novel is ambiguous on the key issue of whether the "monster" is stitched by a corpse or by artificial intelligence with mechanical participation. However, although the subtitle of the novel metaphors the story of Prometheus creating human beings in ancient Greek mythology, contrary to Prometheus' infinite love for human beings and even the spirit of self-sacrifice, the creator of the novel (Frankenstein, a scientist) is always unwilling to accept this ugly artificial intelligence life, which has triggered a series of cruel conflicts and finally brought about the tragedy of the destruction and death of his family.
A century later (1920), Czechoslovakian writer karel capek magnified the personal tragedy of artificial scientists into the doomsday judgment of all mankind through Rosen space robot. The well-known word "robot" comes from this, and its etymology is Czech "Robota" and "Robotnik". Obviously, this word implies that robots can only be in a labor position that serves human beings. The intelligent robot in the play is mass-produced in the factory and has the same shape as human beings. In order to get rid of daily work, humans use this kind of robot in large quantities. The manager of Russell factory clearly explained this point: robots are produced to replace workers' labor, and "one robot can support two and a half workers". Later, robots no longer obeyed slavery and instead launched a war to destroy mankind. Different from previous works, the ultimate destruction is not individual scientists, but all mankind. The key factor leading to this tragedy is the intervention of profit-seeking capital, and the fundamental reason lies in the weakness of human nature itself. Russell Jr, a scientist, makes robots to make money, while humans widely use robots because they are lazy and hate work. From the mouth of the only surviving figure, Ahlkvist, the author expresses human regret: "For our selfishness, for our interests, for some extraordinary cause that I don't understand, we destroyed all mankind!"
After World War II, with the development of science and technology, science fiction ushered in the "golden age", and the famous science fiction award "Hugo Award" was born in this period. At this stage, Einstein's "Theory of Relativity", the application of atomic energy, and the scientific exploration of space all provide science fiction writers with a broader fertile ground for imagination and thinking. For example, Philip K. Tick (1928- 1982) set in the science fiction "Robots Dream of Electronic Sheep" (later made into the movie "blade runner") that human beings are not allowed to form their own teams and use their thinking ability to lead their own actions. If they show the tendency of "trying to be human", they will be labeled as machines and then destroyed. As for the rapid development of the information technology revolution after the 1980s, a batch of science fiction novels reflecting the achievements of modern science and technology were born, and the representative figure was William Gibson's "Nervous Wanderer" (1948-). This is the first book to win Hugo Award, Xingyun Award and Philip Dick Award. In the book, William Gibson put forward the concept of "cyberspace" with great foresight. In order to compete and survive in cyberspace, Keith, the protagonist of the novel, uses all kinds of incredible artificial intelligence and software to serve himself. Some people think this is very creative. Does it look familiar today? Yes, the core framework of Neuro-Roamer is believed to have directly given birth to the film The Matrix.
I hope Asimov is right.
Obviously, as many sci-fi works show, more and more sci-fi writers tend to believe that artificial intelligence will surpass the physical limits of human beings in the future world, and surpass human intelligence to the greatest extent, thus moving towards the road of restricting human freedom and "helping" human beings to accelerate towards the final result of self-destruction in a highly technological and industrialized future society.
This is undoubtedly a depressing prospect. Perhaps people today should seek some comfort from the works of Russian-American science fiction master isaac asimov. Asimov has a profound scientific background. He holds a doctorate in biochemistry and was an associate professor at Boston University Medical College before becoming a full-time writer. Perhaps it is because of this background that Asimov's science fiction shows a positive and constructive position on how to deal with the relationship between man and artificial intelligence.
I, Robot, a collection of novels published by 1950, contains nine short stories of science fiction written by Asimov in the 1940s. The premise of all storylines is Asimov's "Three Laws of Robots": First, the law of no harm: robots must not harm human beings, nor should they stand by when people are hurt; Secondly, obey the law: robots must obey human orders, but they must not violate the first law; Third, the law of self-protection: robots must protect themselves, but they must not violate the first and second laws. These three laws are embedded in the robot's brain during the manufacturing process and cannot be eliminated. Under these three codes of conduct, robots can be trusted friends of human beings. But later, even Asimov himself realized that the "three laws of robots" were not perfect. In avoidable conflicts, robots have to restrict the freedom of human behavior in order to prevent human beings from hurting each other. At this time, the robot can not listen to human orders, because the former is invalid when the law of obedience and the law of no harm conflict. But in this way, human beings become pets kept by robots and lose their free will. These logical "accidents" prompted Asimov to correct the zeroth law: robots must not hurt the whole human race, or stand by and watch the whole human race get hurt. The original three laws must obey the zeroth law. However, this raises a new question: how can robots weigh whether their current behavior will harm the whole human race? Later, other scholars also put forward amendments, such as the "fourth law" put forward by Bulgarian writer Ruben Dilof in his novel The Road to Icarus: a robot must confirm that it is a robot under any circumstances. ...
By 1976, Asimov even hinted in his new work "200-year-old man" that the three laws of robots may one day withdraw from the historical stage. This novel tells the legendary life of Andrew the robot. Andrew used to be a robot servant of Martin's family, but he has amazing artistic talent. He constantly learned about human beings through communication with them, and became a robot historian and robot scientist through self-study. But more importantly, Andrew has been fighting the fate of robots all his life. In the end, after making great contributions to mankind and making great sacrifices himself, Andrew completely got rid of the identity of robot and gained the same social status as human beings: being recognized as a real person. Asimov also outlined a bright future for human beings and artificial intelligence, that is, to build a brand-new carbon-iron civilization, which is composed of human beings controlled by the brain and robots controlled by artificial intelligence, and combines the essence of human beings and artificial intelligence. Although Mr. Asimov went to the Western Ocean as early as 1992, it seems that people today and even in the future should expect him to be right.
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