Wenzhou Medical College 2011 Literature Search Answers

Source of literature retrieval: Pan Shuqing’s diary

l l Range from large to small: information>knowledge>intelligence>documentation

Documentation is to store and transfer knowledge, A medium of intelligence and information. Knowledge is the substantive content of documents, and the carrier is the external form of documents.

l l Documentation consists of four elements: all four elements are indispensable.

l l Fill in the document information: the content of the document

l l Symbol system: the carrier of information

l l Document carrier: the "host" on which the symbol relies< /p>

l l Recording method: the method and process by which symbols representing documents enter the carrier

l l Documents are the main carrier form of information, knowledge, and intelligence.

l Documentation information refers to the information and knowledge content carried on the document carrier. It belongs to information. In addition to having all the properties and functions of information, it also has its own characteristics. Performance: P3①--⑤

l l The symbol system of documents refers to pictures, text, formulas, charts, codes, audio and video and electromagnetic information, etc. P4

l l Fill in Select The recording method of documents refers to the symbol system expressing information being attached to a certain document carrier through a specific manual recording method. Category P4 is divided into recording methods: painting, engraving, printing, filming, and recording. According to the recording method: manual recording, mechanical recording, optical recording, electrical recording, acoustic recording, and magnetic recording.

l l Document retrieval: The process of centrally organizing and storing documents in a certain way, and finding relevant documents or the information content contained in the documents according to the needs of document users.

l l Generalized literature retrieval includes two processes: storage and retrieval.

l l Fill in and select the type of literature search

l l (1) Divided according to the detection result format:

l l Bibliographic search, full-text search, citation search.

l l (2) Divided from the perspective of information retrieval: objects

l l Document retrieval, data retrieval, fact retrieval

l l (3) Divided by retrieval methods:

l l Manual retrieval and computer retrieval

l l 3. Document retrieval principle

l l Appearance characteristics, content characteristics, document indexing (indexing)

l Literature retrieval system definition P7 refers to a programmed system for the collection, processing, storage and retrieval of literature information established according to specific literature information needs.

l l Document retrieval system type P8

l l 4 types: catalog type, bibliographic type, abstract type and full text type

l l 1. According to the presentation form of document information Division

l l Text-based documents Video-type documents Audio-type documents Digital documents

l l 2. Classification by document information publication type

l l Book patent documents Standard documents

l l Journal Dissertation Product Sample Instructions

l l Science and Technology Report Technical Files

l l Conference Documents Government Publications

l l 3. Press Fill in the form of document information carrier

l l Printed type, micro-audio and video type, electronic type

l l According to the depth of processing of the document content: Zero documents: refers to those that have not been officially published or The most original documents that have not been integrated into formal communication channels, such as letters, manuscripts, experimental data, observation records, notes, internal files, etc.

l Features: The content is novel, but immature and difficult to query

l lPrimary documents: refer to original documents created based on the author's own research results (such as experiments, observations, survey research, etc.), such as journal articles, patent specifications, conference papers, dissertations, scientific and technological reports, etc. .

l l Features: The content is novel and detailed, so it is the main source and retrieval object of literature information. However, it is large, scattered and disorderly, which brings inconvenience to its search and utilization.

l l Secondary literature: It is a document formed by processing and ordering a large number of scattered, disordered primary literature information. Such as table of contents, index and abstract, etc.

l lCharacteristics: reporting and retrieval. Its main function is to provide clues for finding literature information, so it is also called a retrieval tool.

l l Tertiary literature: It refers to the scattered and disordered primary literature in a certain range, which is reorganized into organized and evaluated literature after comprehensive sorting, such as reviews, progress, yearbooks and encyclopedias, etc. .

l l Features: It has the characteristics of condensation and comprehensiveness of knowledge information, and it also has the function of retrieving documents.

l Zero-time documents are the most basic materials to form primary documents; primary documents are the main source of information and retrieval objects; secondary documents are the means and tools of retrieval; tertiary documents are both retrieval objects and also have Document search function.

l "Medical Subject Headings" (MeSh)

l Subheadings, also known as qualifiers, are combined with subject headings to define a certain topic. The concept of words is limited or divided to make the subject words more specific.

l l2. Search approach

l l (1) Author approach: Use the name of the known author as a search identifier to check the literature.

l l (2) Classification approach: Use the classification number or classification category of a specific classification system as a search identifier for document inspection.

l l (3) Subject approach: Search using search marks or indexing words extracted from the literature or manually standardized that can represent the main content of the literature.

l l (4) Other ways: Use specific search identifiers to check the literature

l (5) Number way

l 2,3 are reflective of the content of the literature Features 1, 5 and book (journal) title paths reflect the external characteristics of the document

l l Chinese journal full-text database CNKI ki.net

l l is the first large-scale integrated full-text database in my country Electronic Academic Journal System

l l Currently the world's largest continuously and dynamically updated full-text database of Chinese journals.

l l Collection years: 1994---present, the earliest date back to 1915.

l l 2. Search approaches and methods

l l1. Primary search simple search, multiple word logical combination search, word frequency control, recent words, word expansion, etc.

< p>l "Subject" search field: search within article title, keywords, and abstract.

l 2. Advanced search

l 3. All symbols and English letters in professional searches must use English half-width characters

l 4. Journal navigation is on the home page On the left

l Search for literature on essential hypertension published in the Chinese Journal of Hypertension from Issue 1, 2000 to Issue 3, 2009.

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l Use primary search to find documents with “hypertension” or “renal failure” in the title.

l Search Huang Huiping’s 2008 publication in "China How many times has the article "Investigation of Work Stress of Nurses in Dental Outpatient Clinics" been cited in "Journal of Nursing"? Do you need to write an expression?

l Use the full-text database of China's outstanding master's theses to find the papers supervised by supervisor Chen Fangping of Central South University Dissertation. Please write down the search terms, title and author of the first dissertation.

l Database: Full-text database of China's outstanding master's degree theses

l Search formula: ((supervisor unit=Central South University) or (degree awarding unit=Central South University)) and (supervisor= Chen Fangping) (fuzzy matching); 1999-2009; time sorting; single database search

l Number of results: 2

l Title of the first paper: rAAV2/hFIX non-invasive way to treat blood Clinical research on paraphilia B

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l l VIP www.cqvip .com

Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (Full-text Database)

Type: Journal Full-text Database

§Inclusion Scope: ? Years: 1989 to present Data volume: 12,000 Various journals, a total of more than 16.5 million documents,

Logical operators

A. Logical "AND" (AND, *)

Search formula: A AND B means that the record containing both search word A and search word B is a hit record.

For example: influenza AND cough influenza * cough

B. Logical "or" (OR, +)

Search formula: A OR B, indicating that it is in the record Records containing search term A or search term B, or both search term A and search term B.

For example: vitamin c OR ascorbic acid vitamin c + ascorbic acid

C. Logical "not" (NOT, -)

Search formula: A NOT B , indicating that the record that contains search term A but does not contain search term B is a hit record.

For example: influenza NOT cough,

(reduced estrogen AND coronary heart disease) NOT menopausal women

(reduced estrogen* coronary heart disease) - menopausal women< /p>

§Logical operators in the VIP database

Logical operators* and, and, and, search in the results

+ or, or, in Add to the result

- does not contain, not, not, and remove it from the result

§ §The order of operations is: - > * > +(not>and>or) NOT > AND >OR

§ §You can use the brackets "()" flexibly to change the priority, and the logical expressions in the brackets will be executed first

§ §Note: During the search process, if the search term Special characters containing parentheses or logical operators *, +, -, (), "", etc. must be enclosed in double quotes on the search term to avoid conflict with the search logic rules.

Database search methods

§1. Quick search

§2. Traditional search There are synonyms in the upper left.

There is also a category search in the lower left corner

§3. Advanced search

§4. Journal search

Job format

§Search Method: Traditional search synonym function

§Title/keyword=AIDS (AIDS, AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)

§Title/keyword=monitoring secondary search< /p>

§Number of search results:? Article

§Title of the first article:

§ Author:

§ Source:

§Search method: Journal search

§Title: Chinese Journal of Medicine

§Search in this journal for: Thyroiditis

§Number of results: Articles

§Copy No. Bibliography of a record (title, author, source)

PubMed database introduction

PubMed is a Web-based database developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), a subsidiary of the US NLM. The biomedical literature retrieval system that provides services to users is currently the most utilized free online database for searching medical literature in the world

PubMed’s data scope

MEDLINE OLDMEDLINE (1950-1965 ) Bibliographic information provided by PreMedline publisher

l l MEDLINE inclusion scope: 7395 (as of now) authoritative biomedical and related disciplines in 50 languages ??from the United States and more than 70 countries and regions around the world. Journal, covering various fields of biomedicine; more than 85% of the original text is in English, 80%± recorded with abstracts, and 5% of the full text is free. At present, there are about 19 million records, about 400,000 articles per year. Looking back: 1966 to present.

The record has [indexed for MEDLIEN] tag using the vocabulary: MeSH (Medical Subject Headings)

PreMEDLINE

It is a vocabulary that is being processed A database composed of bibliographic records. These new records have not yet been or are being indexed and are temporarily stored in the PreMEDLINE database.

l lThe record is marked with [PubMed-in process].

Bibliographic information provided by publishers

Electronic journals that are not included in Medline and are provided directly to PubMed by the publisher. The records are marked with [Record as supplied by publishers]. (For example: geological documents in Science or Nature, etc.).

Nucleotide: DNA sequence database

Protein: Protein sequence database

Genome: Genome sequence database

Structure: Molecular structure model database< /p>

OMIM: Online database of human Mendelian genetics

PMC: PubMed center, free full-text journal search

PubMed search approaches and methods

Basic search

Advanced search

Topic search drugs: subtopic is therapeutic use (therapeutic use)

Disease: subtopic is drug treatment (drug therapy)

Journal Search Journal Database

Special Search

(1) Basic Search

PUBMED provides automatic vocabulary conversion function: < /p>

MeSH conversion table journal conversion table phrase table author name index logical operator search

2 search operators

(1) logical operator:

OR, AND, NOT

Operation order: NOT>AND>OR, you can use () to change the processing order of search terms.

(2) Truncation character: *. eg: cell*: Documents with words such as cell, cells, celliferous, cellophane and cellular.

(3) Use field identifiers to perform limited searches:

Search format: search term A [field identifier B], search for documents containing search term A in the field.

For example: hepatitis[TI], smith[AU], cell[TA].

(4) " ", search the phrase as an indivisible whole.

For example: "OXYGEN FREE RADICALS"

Note: AND must be in capital letters, [ ] and " " must be English or Chinese half-width.

First name, full surname, first name abbreviation

(2) PubMed advanced search

Limits (limited)

Publication Types: There are 7 types

Languages: Provides 7 commonly used languages

Ages: ***There are 13 age groups

Gender: Male, Women

Human or Animal

Subsets (subsets): 11 main subsets

Dates: Searchable documents from 1965 to the present

< p>Topic search: 1. Click on the MeSH Database Mesh interface to enter the search term Go

2. Select the subject heading and click on the subject heading details screen

3. Topic word details screen (topic word meaning annotation, subtopic word, weighted or not expanded, entry word, previously used word, tree structure) Select the appropriate subtopic word

Select weighted or not expanded send to

4. Search box click search PubMed search results

ScienceDirect www.sciencedirect.com

SD is the core product of Elsevier and covers all disciplines The full-text database is a collection of the world's leading peer-reviewed scientific and technological and medical information. It has been recognized by more than 130 countries and has been downloaded by Chinese universities up to 2.5 million articles per month.

2. Search operator

AND

The default operator requires multiple search terms to appear in the article at the same time

OR< /p>

Any one or more of the search terms appear in the article

AND NOT

The following words do not appear in the article

< p>Wildcard*

Replace any number (0,1,2...) letters in the word

Wildcard?

Replace 1 letter in the word

W/n

PRE/n

The two words are no more than n words apart. The word order is indefinite

The distance between the two words is no more than n words, and the word order is certain

" "

Loose phrase search, punctuation marks, hyphens, stop words, etc. will be automatically ignored

' '{}

Exact phrase search, all symbols will be used as search terms for strict matching

( )

Define the order of detection words, for example: (remote OR satellite) AND education

Author search

First enter the full name or abbreviation of the first name, and then enter the last name, for example: r smith; jianhua zhang

Proximity search can be used for author search, raymond W/3 smith can search for Raymond Smith, Raymond J. Smith and Raymond J.

§ Proximity search

§W/n

The distance between the two words is no more than n words, and the word order is uncertain.

Example: pain W/5 morphine

§PRE/n

The distance between the two words is no more than n words, and the order is fixed.

Example: behavioral PRE/3 disturbances

§Two adjacent symbols cannot be used at the same time

Search: Search language

§ Search priority

§Default search order

1. OR

2. W/n | PRE/n

3. AND

4. AND NOT

Example: Search for articles containing kidney or renal, and containing therapy

kidney OR renal AND therapy

§Use ( ) to limit the search order

Example: (remote AND NOT satellite) AND education

Add the "Specific author" field to make the author search more accurate; it means that the search terms must appear in in the same person's name.

3. Search methods

§The system provides four search functions:

§Browse search

§Quick Search quick search

§Advanced Search Advanced Search

§Expert Search Expert Search

l Field names and Boolean logic characters are not case-sensitive

Fields The name can be either the full name of the field or the abbreviation code

Chinese Medical Database CBM

The Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) is a comprehensive database developed by the Institute of Medical Information of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Sexual medicine literature database.

l Scope of inclusion: More than 1,600 bibliographic references of Chinese biomedical journals, compilations, and conference papers since 1978, with an annual increase of approximately 400,000 items. The subject coverage covers various fields of biomedicine such as basic medicine, clinical medicine, preventive medicine, pharmacy, traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese medicine.

l Data indexing All entries in CBM are based on the latest version of the "Medical Subject Thesaurus" (i.e., MeSH Thesaurus) of the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the "Thesaurus of Medical Subjects" published by the Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information of the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The "Chinese Traditional Chinese Medicine Subject Thesaurus" is used for subject indexing, and the "Chinese Library Classification - Medical Professional Classification Table" is used for classification indexing.

(1) Database structure

l lThe records of the CBM database include more than 30 searchable data items

l l AB Abstract

l l AD address (first author's address)

l l AU author

l l CN domestic code (domestic journal code)

l l CL classification number

< p>l l CT feature words

l l FS funding category

l l MH subject words

l l PY publication year

l l IS ISSN ( International Journal Code)

l l Volume VI

l l PT Document Type

l l RF Parameter Number (Reference Number)

l l (SO) Source (composite field: TA, PY, VI, IP, PG)

l l TA journal name

l l TI Chinese title

l l TW key Word

CBM database search operator

A. Logical "AND" (AND)

Search formula: A AND B, indicating that the record also contains the search word The records of A and search term B are hit records.

For example: hepatitis AND liver cancer, hypertension AND diabetes

B. Logical "OR" (OR)

Search formula: A OR B, indicating that the record contains Search term A or search term B, or records containing both search term A and search term B.

For example: Hepatitis OR Liver cancer Vitamin A OR Vitamin B

C. Logical "not" (NOT)

Search formula: A NOT B, indicating that it is in the record Records that contain search term A but do not contain search term B are hit records. For example: influenza NOT cough,

(Estrogen reduction AND coronary heart disease) NOT menopausal women

2) System operators

l l Priority of Boolean logical operators The order is NOT>AND>OR, CBM

l l Wildcard: (1) Single-word wildcard? :replaces a character. For example, "portal vein" can detect: portal vein, portal artery, etc.

l lNote:? Must be half-width.

l l (2) Any wildcard character %: replace any number of characters. For example, "Hepatitis Vaccine" can detect: hepatitis vaccine, hepatitis virus gene vaccine, live attenuated hepatitis vaccine, inactivated hepatitis vaccine, etc.

l l3. Enforcement character/phrase search character ""

l l If the search term is a phrase or contains special symbols "-", "(", etc., use English half-width double quotes Identify search terms, such as: "1,25-(OH)2D3"

CBM search method

l l1. Basic search is also called free word search or keyword search

l Keywords: text words from the title, abstract or text of a document, which refer to natural language that can represent the essence of the document's subject content without or with a slight degree of standardization

l CBMdisc defaults to basic search status

l2, subject search MESH vocabulary list, Chinese subject vocabulary list

l l3, classification search

l l4, Journal search search methods: journal navigation, journal title, publication place, publishing unit, subject words, etc.

l l5. Author search

l l6. More limited search points are. Integrate commonly used qualifications such as age, document type, research object, etc. into a dialog box to facilitate retrieval.

The system defaults to the bibliographic format, which displays: title, author, author's affiliation, and source.

Example 1: Analysis of trace elements

Review question: two subject concepts, namely aspirin and asthma

Specific analysis: should be literature on aspirin/side effects , literature on asthma/chemical induction, the relationship between the two is "AND" #1 Aspirin/side effects #2 Asthma/chemical induction #3 #1 and #2

Review question: two theme concepts, namely chronic Renal failure and anemia

Detailed analysis: It should be literature on chronic renal failure/complications and literature on anemia/etiology. The relationship between the two is "AND"

#1 Kidney Failure, Chronic/Complications

#2 Anemia/Etiology

#3 #1 and #2

NOTE: Chronic renal failure should be inverted to renal failure , chronic

The basic functions of the Internet E-mail FTP (file transfer) Telent (remote login) WWW (information retrieval)

Search engines generally consist of three parts:

Search software is first used by searchers (or network robots) to automatically or manually traverse the entire Internet with specific strategies, identify and collect information, and download and return them to the search engine's temporary database;

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Indexing software Then, the indexer (or indexing program) automatically indexes the saved information to form a regular index, and then adds it to the centrally managed inverted index data structure;