The customs of Chaoshan

Chaozhou dialect is the mother tongue dialect in Chaoshan area.

Chaozhou dialect, one of the Chinese languages, is one of the most ancient and special languages in China, and is known as the living fossil of ancient Chinese in China. The international language code defined by UNESCO is ISO 639-6chao.

in ancient times, Chaozhou Fucheng was the political center of Chaoshan area, and the accent of Chaozhou dialect was represented by the accent of Chaozhou Fucheng. However, in modern times, the Chaozhou dialect in Shantou city has integrated the accent characteristics of Chaoshan areas, and its tone is not high or low, and it has become the standard accent for Chaozhou dialect to spread abroad. The standard pronunciation of Chaozhou dialect has undergone a translocation from Chaozhou dialect to Shantou dialect, which is similar to that of Wu dialect from Suzhou dialect to Shanghai dialect.

Chaozhou dialect is simple and elegant, rich in vocabulary, special in grammar, with many ancient meanings, vivid and humorous language, which is quite different from other languages. In addition, whether Chao language is a language or a dialect is still inconclusive. In contemporary academic circles, Chaozhou dialect is mostly included in the sub-dialect or category of Minnan dialect. In the fourth edition of Zhao Yuanren's New Map of Provinces in China, which was published in the Shanghai Declaration Museum in 1939, the legend of the 14-page Language Area Map changed the Sino-Tibetan language family of the New Map to Sino-Tibetan language family and the China language family to Chinese language family. The "Chinese Department" in the picture is divided into nine units: Northern Mandarin District, Shangjiang Mandarin District, Xiajiang Mandarin District, Wu Dialect, Anhui Dialect, Min Dialect, Chao Dialect, Guangdong Dialect and Hakka Dialect.

According to historical records, Chaozhou dialect originated in the Qin and Han Dynasties, developed in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and took shape in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, only then did it form an independent language system. Its main body is ancient Chinese in the Central Plains, mixed with Min dialect. Wang Shuo once said with a smile, "Qin Shihuang speaks Chaozhou dialect". Chaozhou dialect has eight tones (Mandarin has four tones). As for Chaozhou Eight Tones, some people once summarized its image as: "Hong Kong police, old and weak" and "dripping Chidi Dish". The oldest extant dictionary of Chaozhou dialect is Fifteen Tones of Chaozhou Dialect written by Zhang Shizhen, a businessman from Chenghai in the late Qing Dynasty.

Chaoshan area has a long history and unique folk culture. Chaoshan Shantang is a model of folk charity in China. Chaozhou cuisine is famous all over the country, and it is one of the highest-end cuisines in China. As the backbone of Cantonese cuisine, Chaozhou cuisine is known as the best hall cuisine.

Chaozhou Opera is one of the top ten local operas in China, and the Complete Works of Li Jing Ji in Goulan, a northern song, which has been republished for more than 4 years, commonly known as Li Jing Ji, is the first literary masterpiece written in Chaozhou dialect. In terms of singing and dancing, the so-called "Yangko in the north and English songs in the south", Puning and Chaoyang singing and dancing, which are rugged and heroic, are wonderful flowers in the southern art forest; As a major category of Chaozhou music, Chaozhou big gongs and drums, which are gratifying to celebrate, are even more shocking at home and abroad; In addition, the square performances such as Raoping step horse dance, Chenghai centipede dance and Qiao Lin fireworks dragon are also quite ornamental; In terms of folk houses, the unique Chaoshan folk houses are classical and elegant.

In summary, the numerous Chaoshan cultures are the spiritual wealth possessed by tens of millions of hipsters. They originated from Chaoshan ancestors, formed in Qin and Han Dynasties, developed in Tang and Song Dynasties, flourished in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and innovated in modern times. They are a branch of the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation. She has the characteristics of compatibility between Chinese and foreign cultures, and also has her own unique cultural system. It has its own Chaozhou dialect, Chaoshan drama (Chaozhou opera, Chaozhou Tiezhi puppet show, orthographic drama), Chaozhou music, Chaozhou cuisine, kung fu tea, handicrafts (such as Chaozhou embroidery, Chaozhou woodcarving, shell carving, stone carving, embroidery, paper-cutting, straw painting, bottle painting, etc.), Chaoshan folk custom and Chaoshan unique charity structure (such as Chaoshan Shantang), etc. It is Chaoshan.

In terms of collection, the Overseas Chinese Cultural Relics Museum of Chaoshan Historical and Cultural Research Center in Shantou is the first one in China. The Liu Mingtong Museum in Chaonan District is the first folk museum in China, and there are also the Huaxia History Museum in Chaoan and other shops that are still kept in boudoir, such as a shop located in Taiping Road, Paifang Street, Chaozhou City. Chen Yangzhong Art Museum in Chaozhou is the first individual ceramic art museum in China. Chen Shunqiang Woodcarving Art Museum, Traditional Crafts Exhibition Hall, China Porcelain Capital Exhibition Hall, Tsung i Jao Academic Museum, Danfu Cultural Relics Institute, and Eight Treasures of Ceramics Building. Tashan Scenic Area in Chenghai District has the first folk memorial hall in China.

People's museums and former residences include Chaozhou Eight Immortals Memorial Hall in Huang Qishan, Ding Richang Museum, Puning August 1st Memorial Hall, Yang Shihun's former residence in Nanxi Town, Puning City, Lin Zexu's former residence in Hongyang Town, Puning City (Wenchang Pavilion), Zeng Xijing's former residence in Jiexi County, Fangfang Memorial Hall in Puning City, Zhuang Shiping Museum in Puning City and Fang Yao's former residence in Puning City. Tsung i Jao's former residence in Chaozhou, Lin Daqin's former residence in Chaoan County and Zhang Jingsheng's former residence in Raoping County; Weng Wanda's former residence in Pengzhou, Shantou, Tang Boyuan Museum in Chenghai District, Qin Mu's former residence in Chenghai District, Zheng Xin's hometown in Chenghai, Chen Cifu's former residence in Chenghai, Cai Chusheng's former residence in Chaoyang District, Dafeng Founder Memorial Hall in Chaoyang District and Zhou Guanghao Memorial Hall in Chaonan District.