Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Photography major - Miusi photography
Miusi photography
From the perspective of artistic practice, giacomo has achieved the best effect in the Italian futurism school? Bala (giacomo balla, 187 1? 1958) and Gino? Gino severini (1883? 1996) two people. Barra's masterpiece "Dog on a leash" has a simple composition, showing only a woman's walking feet and the dog jogging. But the painter boldly described the feet of people and dogs. We can see that dogs have dozens of feet connected back and forth, giving people the impression that they are constantly moving like millipedes. At that time, photography technology had been able to shoot running dogs, horses and other animals into continuous movements, but it was unprecedented to draw these movements on a picture and turn one foot into a dozen or even dozens of feet.
This is equivalent to printing different negatives decomposed into continuous motion, and there have been attempts in photography, but Barra painted it as a futuristic work, with an anti-traditional new idea of reflecting motion, that is, an abstract way. Barra described a woman's skirts, the dynamics of boots and shoes, the swaying of a dog's string, and the cute figure of a puppy in a serious way, even making people feel as real as photos, but the woman's shoes and the dog's legs suddenly became the juxtaposition of countless decomposition actions, which suddenly changed the audience from an objective and concrete world to a subjective and abstract feeling.
His description of these key parts also adopts the method of overlapping layers, blurring shadows and making people feel more like walking. So on the whole, his surprise arrangement can achieve amazing success. But if it is reused, there is a danger of mechanical overprinting. Sevrini's paintings expressing movement took a different path. He combined cubist woodcut with light and shadow lines to express the impression of train running and wheel rotation, and also had its shocking effect. For example, his masterpiece "Armored Train" shows the war machine on the railway-the armored train is roaring at full speed, and several soldiers in the carriage are shooting with guns.
Looking down from the air, I saw the top of a carriage. The painter used cubism to simplify soldiers, batteries, warheads and airflow into square or round, thin or long squares, pretending to be messy in strength. I can't see whether this is praising the bravery of soldiers or telling the ruthless truth of guns, but it shows the speed and violence of futuristic cheers. However, in Italy, which has a glorious tradition of Renaissance, it is unthinkable to completely follow the extreme practice of futurism. Therefore, in the future, severini will turn to neoclassicism like Picasso. Although his later works did not take off the three-dimensional technique, they had a stronger decorative atmosphere. The abstract art that best embodies Italian characteristics is George? De? Chirico (,1888? 1978) created a metaphysical painting (Pittura Metafisica).
The metaphysical meaning of Italian is surreal or unrealistic. This kind of painting likes to insert a few grotesque figures in the classical and Renaissance environment familiar to Italians, and create an abstract artistic conception with its metaphysical dreams. For example, Chirico's early work "Melancholy and Mystery of a Street" depicts an empty street with a typical Italian arcade. The moonlit ground presents a ghostly shadow, creating a dreamlike world, and playing with the little girl adds a metaphysical meaning. Chirico's masterpiece "Uneasy Dream" further combines the classical background with absurd images, fully demonstrating the meaning of surrealism.
The empty square with strong light and shadow in the painting seems to be waiting for some kind of doomsday disaster. At the back of the square, you can see a Renaissance-style palace wall, while in front of the square, there are two statues of the muse, some of which have become modern objects. For example, the head is like a button, a light bulb (or put these things where the head has been lost). These peculiar images are very prominent, usurping the role of the master, making the clear background of classical squares, palaces and so on illusory and real, while the horror of facing the end is even more imminent and unfathomable.
The pessimism, despair, decadence and nihilism in the western world caused by the raging fires and rivers of blood in the First World War are fertile ground for the prosperity and growth of abstract art. The extreme abstract style of Kandinsky, Beckman's deepening expressionism and Chirico's metaphysical painting mentioned above are all new creations of abstract art after the First World War, and many more radical innovations have added whimsy and schools to modern art ... among them is Pete? Mondriaan (Pierre mondriaan, 1872? 1944) simplified to the extreme, leaving only the abstract composition of the straight frame, such as his composition of red, blue and yellow and new york City; There are also people like Fernand Le Rey (Fernand L? ger, 188 1? 1955), complex machines and noisy cities have been turned into an abstract combination of steel parts, and only paintings showing mechanical beauty, such as his machine parts (see the picture on the previous page) and cities.
But there is something more abstract and incredible, Paul? Cleveland (paul klee, 1879? 1940) from naive simplicity to illusory humor and emptiness, such as his squeaking machine. His machine is just the opposite of Legge's ubiquitous steel parts, and it has become a string toy in the hands of specious children. His city is just a enchanted gardens composed of branches and paths, such as his "park near Lucerne".
Surrealism El Salvador? Salvador Dahl? , 1904? 1989) further uses extremely real individual details to form an extremely abstract overall composition, which is mixed with malicious ridicule in humor, implies the illusion of ideal and the absurdity of reality with ridiculous scenery, and regards metaphysical illusion as the ultimate truth, such as his eternal memory and panoramic view of human face.
Like Dali and Juan, born in Spain? Miro (Joan Mill? , 1893? 1983) went mysterious and simple again, putting together children's graffiti pictures with very simple and strange abstract pictures. So his works have symbolic symbols and simplified images, as well as childlike innocence. His main works are The Man Throwing Stones at Birds and Inland Holland (see the picture on the next page). Of course, every master has enriched modern art with his unique style, and their various artistic ideas, either advertised by himself or the names of various doctrines presented by others, are even more precious heritages for abstract art to compete with concrete tradition.
These theories not only established sects when they were popular at that time, but also provided reference for the emergence of new abstract schools in the future, making various theories popular again with a new word. This situation can be seen in the artistic development in the second half of the 20th century, and it is believed that there will be the same repeated evolution in the 20th and 22nd centuries. Besides the Fauvism, Cubism, Expressionism, Futurism and Metaphysics we mentioned earlier, now we see mondriaan's new modeling or geometric abstraction, Leger's mechanical cubism, Klee's dreamy abstraction, Dali's surrealism and Milo's naive abstraction. In fact, there are many more schools in Europe and America than we mentioned.
However, despite various names and schools, anti-tradition and abstraction are their common features, so they have made their own contributions to the evolution of modern art to a greater or lesser extent. After World War II, the center of new art moved from France to the United States, and new york replaced Paris as the birthplace of new people and new schools, which is also an art market that affects world fashion.
Abstract art is more prosperous because of its great development in America and America. On the one hand, it is the repeated proliferation of the old school and new seedlings mentioned above, such as new cubism, new expressionism, new geometric abstraction and new surrealism. On the other hand, some new schools either go further to the abstract road or interweave with concrete traditions, which leads to the sudden change of postmodernism. The more radical abstraction of the new school is the most vigorous in the United States, but artists from many European countries are also involved. The two most famous schools are abstract expressionism and visual art (also known as opal art).
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