Really Open the Image Age —— Lumiere Brothers

1, the experience of the father of world movies. It was also the first film they showed in public.

2. The date of birth of this film.

3. Types and examples of Lumiere films.

Test difficulty: 5 stars (key)

Bold as in previous years.

Edison invented the "movable projector" in 1984. Due to its own limitations, it is only a sensation for two reasons. One is that it is difficult to shoot. Edison's camera is huge, difficult to carry and consumes a lot of power. It was put in a studio called "Black Maria" in New Jersey. The other is because of the screening restrictions, only one person can watch at a time, and the screening time is too short.

Lumiere's brothers who were far away from France later were Auguste Lumière (18621June19-1April 954 10) and Louis Lumière (younger brother). 1864 19481October 5th-1June 6th, 948) The "diorama" created by Edison has been transformed, and its moving images can be enlarged by projection, so that more people can watch it at the same time.

The brothers' father Antoine Lumiere runs a photo studio. His son Lumiere brothers were students of the best technical school in Paris at that time. They are gifted in physics and chemistry. At that time, the photographic dry film of silver chloride had come out, but the quality was unstable and the price was very expensive. Antoine always wanted to do it himself, but he didn't succeed. Clever Louis found the problem: dad actually used his mother's scale to weigh flour and chemical reagents! He switched to an accurate balance scale, and as a result, he took a very good photographic film, which was not only stable in quality, but also suitable for mass production. So Antoine simply closed the photo studio and opened a film factory. Within ten years, the factory in Lumiere has grown from ten workers to 300 workers, with a daily output of 50,000 pieces, which are sold all over the world. Louis became a factory director when he was seventeen. The Lumiere brothers are not satisfied with this. Their next source of creation still comes from their father.

1894 In September, Antoine bought a machine invented by American scientist Edison. This machine is as big as a chest of drawers and weighs 50 kilograms. People can watch through a hole, and the scenery inside looks very moving. This is a primitive "peep show", which can only be seen by one person; And the picture will jump from time to time, which is very disappointing, and the price is very expensive, each of which costs 6 thousand francs. Louis is fascinated again, and he doesn't think about tea and rice. Later, he was inspired by the pedal power board of sewing machine, which solved the problem of picture jumping and made the image clear and stable. But his ambition is to let everyone watch it together, which means that the picture must be projected on the wall. Louis and Auguste spent more than a year thinking day and night, and finally designed and manufactured the world's first film projector. This machine can not only show, but also shoot; The picture can be enlarged and weighs only five kilograms. The machine was quickly put into production and spread all over France, and soon went to the world. 1In February, 896, the London media cheered the success of the Lumiere brothers with headlines. Lumiere brothers' projectors are also very popular in America. The people of new york held high the projectionist and cheered: "Lumiere brothers!" The demand for film projectionists in the United States is in short supply, so the Lumiere factory has to quickly train a large number of projectionists and then send them to Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago and other places. On the evening of Saturday, February 28th, 1895, the cinema "Big Cafe" at Kapesin Road 14 in Paris, Lumiere was first shown, with the seating capacity of 120. In fact, before this, at least five inventors in the world had realized the movie ticket screening of their own "movie machine", but because of the poor screening quality, it did not have a wide impact. Lumiere has shown films on many occasions before, but this time the release of tickets has been recorded in history forever, and this day has also been confirmed as the birth date of the film. It also shows that at the beginning of film invention, it was not just a technical product. It has also been identified as a commercial product that can be produced on a large scale.

Gorky wrote this passage after watching Lumiere's film screening:

Last night, I was in the Phantom Kingdom ... (It was scary to see it), but it was just a phantom moving, and it was no different ... Suddenly, everything on the screen disappeared, and then a train appeared, galloping towards you, little heart! It seems that it will rush into the darkness around you, crush your blood and bones, and then crush this hall full of beauty, wine, music and evil, but this is just a series of illusions. "

The surname of Lumiere, the inventor of the film, means "light" in French, which may be a wonderful metaphor: if Monet, a famous painter at that time, decomposed the refracted light, then the Lumiere brothers captured the light, thus creating a brand-new dynamic art of light and shadow. ?

Their films include the most famous train coming into the station, as well as very life-like scenes such as babies eating soup, factory gates and tearing down walls. Outdoor scenes, indoor scenes, news films, reports and travel stories are the main types of films created by Lumiere and his disciples. The first comedy and drama they shot was Watering the Gardener, which tells the story of a gardener watering his garden with a hose. An urchin passed by and the water was stopped by his feet. The gardener looked at the spout of the water pipe and the urchin suddenly let go. The water sprayed on the gardener's face, and the urchin laughed, and the gardener ran after him.

When searching for the original film Watered Gardener, you will find that there are at least two versions, which were shot by different people. In fact, there are three versions of Factory Gate, which means that he didn't just set up a camera at that time, and then recorded the scene of workers leaving work in time. This is a pose. He took at least three photos of the workers leaving work, and then picked out the best one. It took less than a minute for the workers to walk out of the factory gate, and then all the workers left. This is a problem that needs to design the walking speed. So now that we see this version, it should be said that both the front and back light, the embodiment of depth and the rhythm of workers coming out are the best.

Therefore, the posing of documentary has appeared since the birth of the film.

Lumiere's invention recorded life more widely. Expanded the theme of the film. It opened the documentary aesthetic tradition of movies. The Lumiere brothers adopted a series of localization strategies. During the day, some scenes of life familiar to local people are photographed. The next day, photographers in Lumiere often stand at busy intersections for hours, pretending to shake the camera handle. At night, people who think they have been photographed flock to the cinema just to see themselves on the screen. Their success not only increases the mystery of movies, but also increases the affinity of movies, making movies an organic part of people's lifestyles and experiences.

Because the camera is light and easy to project, it is partially successful. They soon began their dream of conquering the world and put it into practice. Many professional technicians have been trained and shuttled around the world, including Belgian, Spanish, Japanese and China. Within two years, their technicians have reached all continents except Antarctica. It has brought moving pictures and brand-new art forms to different nationalities and regions.

You can refer to The Lumiere Brothers: The Original Film, which is a documentary filmed by 1996.