What kind of cameras and recording equipment do you need for entry-level film shooting?

Film lighting equipment includes: lamps, lamp stands, cables, distribution boxes, and devices for controlling light, such as color filters, reflectors, black flags, silk screens, soft cloth, various frames for supporting large-area cloth, and some sandbags and other auxiliary devices.

The operation of lighting is very simple, with a little electrician knowledge and a little effort. People think it is profound because it can add a lot of things inexplicably, and its posture is very luxurious and pretentious. For example, if the scene is bigger, you can use more than a dozen lights at a time, and only three or four cameras will die. The ostentation and extravagance of the photography team is far less than that of the lighting team. But the technical content of lighting is far less than photography, otherwise how can a photography director lead the lighting group? Before talking about the lighting equipment for DV shooting, let's learn about the professional equipment, see what is used in the film industry, and then see how DV can learn from and solve the lighting equipment. The key equipment of lighting is lamp. There is no essential difference between the lights used in movies and those in your toilet. They are all iron shells with a light bulb and a piece of glass at most. I'm not kidding you, really. Let's scan the types of lights. Fresnel lamp (Fresnel lamp)

Just like the picture below, this kind of lamp is used most in making movies. It has an iron shell outside, a light bulb inside, a "Fresnel lens" in front, and several iron baffles (professional name is shutter) on the lamp holder to adjust the light range. It is called Fresnel lamp because of its lens; This kind of lens functions like a convex lens. It also has a focus. When the light source is located in the focus of the lens, the lens can converge the light source into parallel light. When the light source is not in focus, the lens emits diffuse light. There is a knob behind the Fresnel lamp to adjust the position of the bulb and the distance between the bulb and the lens, thus adjusting the diffusion angle of light. The light emitted by the Philippine lamp is the hardest of all lamps, and it can produce very clear shadows. Think of it as a searchlight.

Lamps and lanterns are named not only by type, but also by power. For example, the Philippine lamp ranges from 100W, 200W, 300W to 650W, 1KW, 2KW, 5KW, 10KW. If the name of a lamp is 2K or 5K, it indicates the power of the lamp. The light bulb corresponding to each power lamp is fixed, and 1K lamp can only hold 1K light bulb. The greater the power of a lamp, the greater its volume. People over 5K can't play with lights, so lighting is largely manual work.

From left to right, the first one is in front of the Philippine lamp, the second one is behind the Philippine lamp, and the third one is the Alefi lamp with the author's name on it. The appearance is particularly recognizable, with blue head and tail and white middle. The fourth is HMI light.

According to the color temperature, Philippine lamps are divided into two types. One is incandescent Philippine lamps (the three on the left in the above picture), and there is an incandescent light bulb (tungsten lamp or quartz lamp) inside, which emits yellow light like household light bulbs, with a color temperature of about 3200 K. The other Philippine lamp is called HMI Philippine lamp, which uses mercury bulbs (HMI bulbs) instead of incandescent light bulbs. The color temperature of blue light emitted by this light bulb is about 5500K, which is the same as the color temperature of sunlight during the day, so this kind of lamp is commonly known as sun lamp. Mercury bulbs can't use mains electricity directly, so they must be powered by rectifiers. Therefore, these lamps are equipped with a heavy rectifier, and each lamp is equipped with a lump, which is very troublesome to carry and use. So sometimes in order to save trouble, put a blue filter directly in front of the ordinary Philippine lamp to turn yellow light into blue light. PAR lights PAR lights are very similar to car headlights. It consists of a light bulb and a reflective bowl. Its light bulb can't move, but you can add glass in front of it, such as focusing, diffusing, diffusing, or without any glass, just open your mouth. This kind of lamp has simple structure and low power, and is often used to form a PAR lamp array (Brute). PAR lamp array is a matrix composed of multiple PAR lamps, which is used for large-area lighting. The light of PAR lamp is also hard light, but it is not as hard as that of Philippine lamp.

The biggest difference in appearance between PAR lamp and Philippine lamp is that its front is divergent umbrella-shaped, because it has a reflective bowl, which is not as thick as the front and back of Philippine lamp. PAR lamps are incandescent lamps and HMI, and HMI PAR lamps also need rectifiers. In the picture below, there are several kinds of PAR lamps with different shapes, but they are all reflective bowls and glass. At the bottom of the middle is an integrated PAR bulb, which is really no different from headlights. On the lower right, there is a light array composed of PAR bulbs.

Open rod face

As the name implies, turning on the light is a lamp without glass or lens. An iron shell and a light bulb. Because this lamp has no focusing ability, it emits soft light.

There are three lights on it. The first one is called red hair, with a reflective bowl and an incandescent lamp of 1KW in the middle. The second type is called blonde hair, which has the same structure as the red head, but it is a little bigger than the red head, and a 2KW lamp is installed in it. These two kinds of lights are yellow. These two kinds of lamps are commonly used, and they are painted with special colors for easy identification. Redhead and yellow head are literally translated from their English names. Chinese has no special meaning, but its original English meaning refers to women, redhead refers to black hair and blonde refers to blonde hair. Making movies and doing rough work are all about helping men. It's hard and boring not to be dirty, so many movie jargon are related to women, and over time it has become an official name, hehe, gossip. However, the Germans are more rigid. The third light is Alai's red headlight, but he still painted it "Alai Blue", which is very humorous. There is no HMI type when turning on the light, all are incandescent lamps, all yellow.

Soft pottery (soft pottery)

The bulb of the lamp below is directly invisible and hidden under the lamp shell. It uses the curved white inner wall of the lamp shell as the reflecting surface to reflect the light of the bulb, so the light is very soft. This kind of lamp is mainly used to fill in the shadow, so that the details in the shadow can be presented without creating new shadows.

Skypan

There is also a light on below, which is a big iron basin with a big light bulb inside. This kind of lamp is called skypan. The light emitted by the cauldron is similar to sunlight, and its hardness is moderate, so it is specially used to simulate the sun and large-area lighting. Pot lamps are headlights, generally 10K. Because the bulb of the kettle lamp is large and exposed, it is easy to be damaged when bumping, so this kind of lamp is not used outdoors.

fluorescent lamp

Since the 1990s, fluorescent lamps have become popular. Low power consumption, long service life, no heat (the lamp above is always gray and hot, and when it is cold, turning on the yellow headlights can be used as an electric stove to keep warm). The main difference between its lamp and our household lamp is the luminous frequency, because fluorescent lamps don't emit light continuously like incandescent lamps, and the light emitted by fluorescent lamps is stroboscopic, which is imperceptible to our eyes. The light-emitting frequency of ordinary household fluorescent lamps is 50Hz, which is the same as that of commercial power, while the light-emitting frequency of fluorescent lamps for filming is above 25KHz, which is almost constant light. The most famous fluorescent lamp brand is Keno in the United States, which first invented the film and television fluorescent lamp, so the nickname of the fluorescent lamp is also Keno lamp. Fluorescent lamps are soft light, including cold light tubes and warm light tubes.

Balloon lamp

Balloon lamp is a new type of lamp, which has been widely used in the film industry in recent years. It can not only be used to illuminate large-scale scenes, such as lighting buildings, streets, Woods, auditoriums and so on. At the same time, you can also underestimate the subject (such as actors). The light it emits is soft, uniform and pleasing. The balloon lamp is actually a lantern. Outside is a lantern skin, and there are some lamps inside. Lantern skin plays the role of soft and light cloth. Some lanterns can be held by helium, while others are just hung or supported by air. Balloon lights have cold light and warm light.

Led light

This is a lamp that only appeared in the last two years, and it is composed of many LEDs. Due to the limited luminous area and brightness of LED, it is generally used for detailed close-up lighting or small area fill light.

There are only a few kinds of lights used in movies, which are not high-tech at all. After reading the behind-the-scenes tidbits, you should be able to name those lights, so that you can pretend to be a film and television person to pick up girls. Here are some photos of the studio. One number corresponds to a lamp. Interested students play games corresponding to the seats.