Complete collection of studio details

The studio is a building dedicated to shooting. In the history of movies, the earliest studios were frames and glass ceilings made of metal and wood by sunlight. The working area in the studio is generally 500~5000 square meters.

Basic introduction Chinese name: Studio mbth: Studio Description: The studio is the main production place for shooting indoor scenes. Main facilities: suspended ceiling, light board and ground name Origin: Composition of "Greenhouse": Brief introduction of studio scenery, lighting, power distribution and hoisting, main facilities, suspended ceiling construction, light board and frame, ground layout, wall and roof, door and window settings, ventilation facilities, development and prospect. Studio is the most important production place for filming indoor scenes in film studios. Different economic system, social environment and production conditions may form different studio forms and scales. The early studio was just a "big shed" with only ceiling and scaffolding, and the rain leaked from all sides. China's name "Studio" came from this. The suspended ceiling of the main facilities provides conditions for scenery, lighting, power distribution and hoisting, and is an important part of the studio. In the most primitive studio, wooden squares were only installed at the temporary positions needed for the lower chord of the roof truss to prepare for hanging light boards, fixing scenery and hoisting props. This is unsafe because the operator works at high altitude. After that, the overpass is gradually set in or under the roof truss. There are several types of overpass, such as vertical setting, horizontal setting and vertical and horizontal setting, and protective railings are installed for safety. However, there is still a gap between the overpass and the overpass, and it is still inconvenient to go to work. Later, it developed into a grid-type (or grid-grid-type) ceiling, making the whole ceiling a workbench that can carry out all kinds of work everywhere, thus making the landscaping and lighting work more flexible, effective, fast and safe. Overpass and grille roofs can be made of wood, with light structure and low cost. It can also bear the load. The most important thing is that it can fix the scenery on the wooden bracket very quickly and effectively with a simple method, but the fire resistance is poor. It can also be made of steel or reinforced concrete, which is strong, fire-resistant and heavy-bearing, but it is too heavy to fix the scenery with nails, and it is laborious and inflexible to use metal connectors. The overpass is generally hoisted by an electric crane that can move along the track; Portable electric winch is used at the top of the grid, but it cannot move along the track. In the lighting of cinematography, lamp plate and lamp plate frame are widely used, while chandeliers and hanging tube chandeliers are less used. The lamp board is a platform for placing lamps, and the lamp board rack is an appliance for hanging the lamp board. The lamp board is mostly made of wood, which can be spliced by several wooden boards or integrally formed. The four corners of the lamp board are hung on the overpass or on the top of the grid. The light board frame can be made of rigid metal strips or wooden strips, or flexible ropes, steel wires and chains. Rigid lamp board frame is easy to fix, which can reduce shaking; Flexible and easy to adjust the position. With the development of science and technology, the lighting equipment becomes lighter and lighter, and new light sources are used, but the operation mode is usually still manual. Because the telescopic boom system can rotate, pitch, lift and move remotely, it is often difficult to adjust to the required accurate position and angle, and it is expensive and complicated to maintain, which is very impractical. Most of the power distribution systems used for lighting are located on overpasses or at the top of power grids, in order to minimize the congestion at the site. A remote control device can be used to turn on and off the lamp as appropriate. The land surface is most commonly used in the old studio, because it is economical and easy to use, and it can dig holes and nail piles, and the ground is stable and vibration-free. However, dust is easy to fly when in use, so it is difficult to level the scene, and it is also more troublesome to lay a moving track for photography. Wood floors are expensive, and there are two ways to lay them. One is to spread a thick wooden floor, on which you can easily push and pull the camera trolley and large microphone bracket; It can reduce the humidity in the shed, which is beneficial to the drying of the scenery and crown after painting; It's not muddy when shooting the rain scene, so it's convenient to keep it clean. The other is the wooden floor, which can bear the load without deformation and can nail the landscape. This kind of ground can use short wood to save wood. However, the vertical wood block is easy to expand when it is wet, so it must be treated by oil immersion, and attention should be paid to maintenance during use. Mud floor and wooden floor have their own advantages and disadvantages, and can be selected according to needs. A studio has several studios, some with mud floors and some with wooden floors as needed. No matter what kind of ground, a circle of concrete ground should be laid within 3 ~ 4 meters wide from the wall. Some also set up a circle of drainage ditches on the concrete floor in front of the canopy. There are two kinds of recording studios that can be used for synchronous recording, and some are not. Due to the different use requirements, the two studios are very different in structure. The main studio of a film studio should generally be able to record at the same time. Only a few studios can't record at the same time, and their area is generally small, which can be used for some sporadic shooting or trick photography. However, for a large studio with an area of about 1 1,500 square meters, it is generally unnecessary to increase the conditions for simultaneous recording when shooting large scenes or simulating outdoor scenes. Wall and Roof No matter what kind of studio, its wall and roof structure should meet the requirements of general buildings. In addition, at the same time, the recording in the studio also needs to meet the sound insulation requirements, and the noise level of the studio must be lower than 35 decibels. At the same time, the reverberation time is required to be short, so as to improve the clarity of language recording and make the reproduction of outdoor sound effects possible. Therefore, its walls and ceilings should have high sound absorption capacity. Doors and windows are set up in the studio to open the working door, which is used to transport scenery, props, lighting equipment and so on. A small door can be opened on the work door for staff to enter and exit. In addition, a small door leading to the actor's lounge or dressing room can be added, which can also be used as a safety door. In areas with high humidity, we can consider opening two doors to facilitate air convection and keep the shed dry. The size of the working door is based on the principle of maximum access to the scenery. At the same time, the sound insulation requirements of the recording door of the studio should be strict. There are generally two ways: one is to use a double-door door bucket. In addition to the sound insulation treatment of the door leaf and the door crack, sound-absorbing materials are installed in the door bucket to form a combined door that can isolate external noise; Second, the door leaf adopts multi-layer structure, with damping materials filled between layers, and the door crack is inflated and sealed with elastic materials or rubber pipes. Ventilation facilities In order to eliminate the heat generated by lighting and other equipment in the shed and the smoke generated when shooting smoke, the studio is equipped with ventilation and exhaust equipment. However, the vents, return vents and exhaust vents of ventilation equipment also affect the sound insulation of the recording studio. Therefore, mufflers and anechoic chambers should be installed in ventilation pipes to reduce the noise of ventilation room; The return air outlet and exhaust air outlet should also be equipped with anechoic chamber to avoid the invasion of external noise. Development Overview According to the nature and scale of film studios, the number, area and combination of studios are different. The number and area of a film studio depends on the average annual output of the factory and the types of films it produces. According to the number of shooting meters in the shed, the set area, the shooting cycle, the turnover rate in the shed and other factors, the required number of studios can be calculated. Most of the studios are rectangular, with an applicable area of 700 ~ 1000 square meters and a height of 10 ~ 13 meters. Generally, two or three sets of large ones can be built. In a studio with several studios, two or three studios are often built into a group, which is conducive to reasonable scheduling and full utilization, so that two film crews can work in the same studio at the same time. In order to shorten the setup time in the studio, a setup room is set up near the shed or in the setup workshop. First, all the parts of the complete set of equipment are ready, and then sent to the work shed for assembly. Some rooms directly related to the shooting work should also be arranged around the studio to facilitate contact with the work. Prospect: China's photography industry has made great progress, but compared with developed countries such as Japan, South Korea, Europe and America, it is still in its infancy in terms of scale, talents, industry norms and management level, and there is still a big gap with the standards of mature industries, so the whole industry has great development potential. Photography industry is a rapidly developing sunrise industry. In the future, the demand for photographers in the industry will increase year by year, among which high-end photographers with formal training will be more sought after.