The influence of four furnaces

The definition of furnace city is divided into record high temperature, human fitness and continuous high temperature time. As for the temperature, no one can compare with Turpan (the annual sunshine hours are 3,200 hours, the annual accumulated temperature is above 5,300℃, and the average temperature is above 35℃), but in the humid south, especially in the cities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the hot and humid weather is even more unbearable, including the mountain city of Chongqing, the river city of Wuhan and the stone city of Nanjing.

Historically, Chongqing, Wuhan and Nanjing once dominated the "three stoves", but the ownership of the "fourth stove" has always been controversial. Nanchang, Jinan, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other places were on the list, and Nanchang won the championship successfully in 2003. This summer, the highest daily temperature in Nanchang reached or exceeded 39.7℃ for 22 days, and the highest ground temperature exceeded 60℃. Citizens have jumped into the Ganjiang River to cool off the heat, and thousands of people swim together on the river every day. In the same year, June 5438+065438+1October was late autumn, and the highest temperature in Nanchang reached 3 1.2℃. At present, all the "furnace cities" require to take off their hats, and only Nanchang has not applied yet.

According to the meteorological observation data from 198 1 to 20 1 1 a total of 3 1 a year, experts from the National Climate Center comprehensively analyzed the summer heat index, extreme maximum temperature, high temperature days, average maximum temperature and minimum temperature of major cities in China, and concluded that the summer heat degree in China was nearly 3/kloc. Among them, the cities in the Yangtze River basin, especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, are the most popular. Zhang Feng, president of Jiangsu Urban Development Research Institute, said: "Taking off the hat of' stove' can improve the score of urban sustainable development." "Urban sustainable development includes population, economy, resources, environment and society. It depends not only on many supporting conditions of resources and environment, but also on many indicators such as the quality of urban human resources, the rationality of economic structure, the speed of economic growth, the advantages and disadvantages of economic benefits, the degree of opening up, and the construction of urban infrastructure. "

Wu, a sociology professor and doctoral supervisor at Nanjing Normal University, said that "stove" was originally a neutral word, but now it is definitely a derogatory term for many city managers. Why this word is so sensitive is probably related to the fact that the government attaches more importance to the development concept of "people" and "people-oriented". Meteorologists said that the hot summer years in Nanjing were concentrated in the 1950s and 1960s. In fact, as early as June 2005, Nanjing announced its farewell to the "stove". From the analysis of meteorological data in recent ten years, only Nanjing can "take off its hat" among several traditional stoves in the past.

At present, the high temperature in Nanjing is not ranked in the country. In Jiangsu province, the high temperature center has already moved to southern Jiangsu. However, the hat of Nanjing has been taken off, and the citizens' sense of body is still a "stove".

According to Song Yingjie, Nanjing didn't make the top ten. As one of the "four furnaces", this "unsuccessful election" is not the first time. As early as 2007, Phoenix Weather Station, a famous meteorological program of Phoenix Satellite TV, rated China as a new "stove" city, and Nanjing didn't even rank in the top 10.

The high temperature center in Jiangsu turned to southern Jiangsu.

Yu Zhihao, a meteorologist at Nanjing University, said that there is no clear definition of a stove in meteorology. According to relevant data, Nanjing, Chongqing and Wuhan were called the' three furnaces in the Yangtze River Basin' in the 1950s. Later, in circulation, people downplayed the' Yangtze River Basin', and Nanjing seemed to be the hottest city in China. In fact, as early as the 1970s, meteorologists had already passed the "horizontal comparison", and in the Yangtze River basin, Nanchang, Changsha and other cities exceeded the "three furnaces" in summer. These three cities are well-known, making this statement widely circulated.

Nationally, the center of high temperature in summer is not in Nanjing, but in Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi and Shanghai, and their highest temperatures are higher than those in Nanjing. In the past, the high temperature center in the Yangtze River Delta was gradually shifting from Nanjing to Shanghai and Zhejiang, and even southern Jiangsu was involved. Researcher Zhou Zengkui, an old expert from Jiangsu Meteorological Observatory, compared the high temperatures in Nanjing, Shanghai and Hangzhou at the same latitude in 2009: in the summer of 2009, the highest temperature in Nanjing was 15 days; Shanghai has 20 days of high temperature days, with the highest temperature reaching 40℃; The number of high temperature days in Hangzhou is as high as 35 days, and the extreme high temperature is 39.7℃.

According to the definition of meteorology, the average monthly temperature in summer exceeds 29℃, the number of high temperature days reaches 20 days, and the highest temperature exceeds 38℃, which can be called "summer hot year". Since the early 1950s, there have been eight hot summer years in Nanjing, mostly before 1970s, followed by only two hot summer years, namely 1978 and 1994. In 2003, the high temperature in Nanjing broke the record of nearly 20 years and reached a rare 40℃. This is the hottest year in the history of Nanjing. However, the extreme high temperature in Nanjing in summer is low. Except for the high temperature in Nanjing in 2007, it did not exceed 38℃.

Since June 2065438+00, there have been three high-temperature heat waves in Changsha, and the highest temperature in Changsha city has reached 40.3℃ for a week, a new high since the summer. The scorching sun scorched the earth, and citizens hid indoors and refused to go out.

According to a document provided by Hunan Climate Center, Hunan not only has a long summer time, but also has a long hot summer time. In summer, the high temperature period with average temperature ≥28℃ generally starts at the end of June or early July in most areas and ends at the end of July or early August. Some years are extended to the beginning of September, and the high temperature period in summer can reach 1.5 to 2 months. Changsha in central Hunan is the hottest, with an average daily temperature of ≥30℃ and an average of 28 days in Changsha. The highest daily temperature in Changsha is ≥35℃ for 26 days. Is a well-deserved furnace chief. Top ten popular cities.