About drowning

Drowning refers to a serious disease in which a large amount of water is inhaled into the lungs, causing hypoxia and suffocation. It mostly occurs in summer, swimming places, seaside, rivers, lakes, ponds and other places. The drowning person's face is bruised, his eyes and conjunctiva are congested, and his mouth and nose are full of foam, sediment and other sundries. Some drowning people can drink a lot of water into the stomach, resulting in swelling of the upper abdomen. Most drowning people will have cold limbs and lose consciousness. In severe cases, their heartbeat and breathing will stop.

Cause of drowning

Not familiar with accidental drowning on water

Main drowning rescue

It is that the trachea inhales a lot of water, which hinders breathing, or that the throat spasms strongly, which leads to the closure of the respiratory tract and suffocation. After people fall into the water, water, sediment and other debris block the respiratory tract, or cause hypoxia and suffocation due to respiratory spasm. It usually takes 4 to 6 minutes to die after falling into the water and being flooded. Drowning is more common in children, teenagers and the elderly, most of them fall into the water by mistake and occasionally commit suicide by drowning. Accidents such as floods and capsizing of ships are also important reasons.

Familiar with water, in case of emergency.

1. Hand and foot drowning rescue

Cramps are the most common. Mainly due to insufficient preparation before launching, too cold water temperature or fatigue after swimming for a long time. When the calf cramps, you will feel a sudden spasmodic pain in the calf. Sometimes drowning is caused by diving into shallow water, resulting in head injury. Sometimes (especially some elderly people) will lose consciousness and drown because of a heart attack or stroke. There is another kind here, that is, I can breathe water, and I accidentally inhale a small amount of water from the trachea when swimming and cough. Because of improper handling, I insisted on swimming and suffocated when my head sank into the water, which led to a large amount of water being introduced into my lungs, causing drowning.

Symptoms after drowning

The drowning person's face is bruised, his eyes are bloodshot, and his mouth, nostrils and trachea are full of blood bubbles. Cold limbs, weak pulse, even convulsions or respiratory heartbeat stop. The lighter person has a short drowning time, and the lips and limbs are easy to turn blue, the face is swollen, the limbs are hard and the breathing is shallow. Mild hypoxia occurred when the drinking water volume was 2ml/kg. The worst. If the water absorption is above 10ml/kg, hypoxemia will occur within 1 min. After being in the water for a long time, my face turns blue, my nose and mouth are full of bloody foam or sediment, my limbs are cold, I feel sleepy, my pupils are dilated, and my breathing stops.

Edit this paragraph for emergency rescue of drowning.

Foreign body discharge in respiratory tract

Save yourself

1. First of all, you should keep calm and never struggle with your hands and feet, which can reduce the entanglement of aquatic plants and save your strength. As long as you don't struggle and throw your arms around, you won't lose your balance in the water and you won't sink quickly. In addition to calling for help, hold your breath immediately after falling into the water, kick off your shoes, and then relax your limbs. When you feel yourself floating, try to lean your head back and let your nose come out of the water to breathe. When breathing, try to inhale through your mouth and exhale through your nose to avoid choking. Shallow exhalation and deep inhalation. Because when inhaling deeply, the human body's specific gravity drops to 0.967, which is slightly lighter than water, because the lung is like a big airbag, and the person who holds his breath is lighter than water and can surface (when exhaling, the human body's specific gravity is 1.057, which is slightly heavier than water). 3. Drowning rescue

Don't try to stick your head out of the water, it will be a fatal mistake, because it is impossible for a person who can't swim to stick his head out of the water. This inevitable failure will make the drowning person more nervous and passive, thus making the whole self-rescuer fall short. 4. When the rescuer appears, as long as the reason still exists, the drowning person must not grasp the rescuer's hands, legs, waist and other parts in panic, and must obey the rescuer's command and let him swim ashore with you. Otherwise, it will not only fail to be rescued, but also bring trouble to the life of the rescued person. Swimmers, if they have calf cramps, should keep calm, take a backstroke posture, bend the toes of the cramped legs backwards with their hands to release the cramps, and then slowly swim to the shore. (1) For people with cramps in their hands and feet, if they have cramps in their fingers, they can hold their hands tightly, then forcibly open them and do them several times quickly until the cramps are eliminated; (2) If the calf or toe cramps, first take a breath and float on the water, hold the toe of the cramped limb with the hand on the opposite side of the cramped limb, and pull it toward the body, and at the same time press the palm of the same side on the knee of the cramped limb to help the cramped limb straighten; (3) If the thigh cramps, it can also be solved by lengthening the cramped muscles.

Help drowning people

1. Note: If you rescue by drowning,

People who have no professional rescue training or life-saving certificate should remember not to go into the water to save people easily. Remember one thing: Just because you can swim doesn't mean you can save people. 2. If anyone is found drowning, immediately notify 1 19 and local rescuers for help. When drowning happens, people on the shore should not go into the water directly. The best way to rescue them is to throw a life buoy or a long pole tied with a rope. Never go into the water to save people with your bare hands. You can use local materials. Trees, vines, branches, wood blocks and mineral water bottles can all be used to save people. 4. To rescue the drowning person, you need to take off your clothes and pants first, so as not to be entangled by the drowning person and unable to get away. Swim about 3 to 5 meters in front of the drowning person, take a deep breath, dive into the bottom and rescue from behind to avoid being trapped by the other person. It should be noted that when a person is facing death, his strength is absolutely amazing. If he is entangled in a drowning man, he must find a way to get rid of it as soon as possible, or he will die. If you are in a bad state, don't try to get into the water. You'd better just call for help and become a land hero. There are two ways to escape: (1) clench your fist and drown.

The drowning man was hit hard on the back of the head, unconscious and then dragged ashore. (2) Take a deep breath and hold your breath. It's like mutually assured destruction However, in order to inhale, the drowning person must step on your shoulder. You can take this opportunity to hold him for three to five seconds, let his head come out of the water, breathe smoothly and observe the surroundings, and cooperate with your companions on the shore to throw floating objects such as wood blocks, logs and bottles into the water. As long as the drowning man catches something, he can save his life. 5. In the water, drag the head and neck of the injured person into a straight line and try not to move as much as possible, keeping his face up and out of the water. If the drowning person's breathing is not ideal, start artificial respiration even if he is still in the water.

Edit this paragraph for the rescue of drowning people on the shore.

On-site first aid: For on-site rescue, the principle is the same, and breathing and heartbeat should be restored as soon as possible.

1. Call 120.

The first drowning rescue in first aid

The first step is to inform 120 that the injured person must be treated as a cervical vertebra injury to prevent the injured person from becoming a vegetable after first aid. In foreign literature reports, someone injured his spine due to improper first aid.

Eliminate foreign bodies

Rescue is only half the work, saving the drowning person is the other half, and saving people is equally important. 1. Clean up the silt and sputum in the mouth and nose of the drowning person. If there are dentures, the rescuer will bend his knees with one leg, so that the water in the drowning person can be discharged from the trachea and mouth by body position (in some rural areas, the drowning person is put on the back of the cow, hanging his head and feet to drive the cow away, thus controlling the water and playing the role of artificial respiration), and the drowning person's head will be turned to one side to make the water flow out from his mouth and nose. Then turn your head back to the front. The rescuer can also pick up the waist of the drowning person from behind, with his back facing up and his head facing down, and dump the water.

3. After the water rescue.

If you have a drowning rescue,

Qualified and trained people can do cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) (People had better learn CPR skills to save people and themselves. But if you don't know CPR, ask for help immediately. Try mouth-to-mouth resuscitation while waiting, it can save lives. If the drowning person's breathing and heartbeat have stopped, give mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration immediately and massage the chest at the same time. A, determine whether the comatose person is breathing, look at his (her) chest, and see if he (she) can see breathing. B, let the drowning person lie on his back. C in order to take general safety measures, put on latex gloves as much as possible, open his mouth, and remove any obstruction in the pharynx or airway with your fingers. D: for drowning rescue

In order to prevent HIV or other deadly viruses from spreading through saliva, put your disposable airway bag on your mouth and his mouth (obviously, if this person is a close relative, you don't have to do this). E. Put one hand on the drowning person's chin and the other hand on his forehead. Tilt his head until you can make his airway clear, and the drowning man's mouth should be open. F, pinch the nostrils and close the nostrils. G, take a deep breath. H. Cover his mouth completely with his mouth. First, blow hard into the mouth of the drowning person and do it for 4 times in a row. J. If you are doing it for adults, stop for 5 seconds, and then repeat steps F to I.. If you are doing it for children or babies, stop for 3 minutes, then repeat steps F to I ... K, and repeat the process.

Take it to the hospital.

When the drowning person begins to breathe and suffocate, you are not out of danger. In fact, 48 hours after drowning is the most dangerous. Complications of drowning, such as pneumonia and heart failure, may occur during this period, so you should take the drowning person to the hospital as soon as possible.

Edit this emergency plan for drowning rescue.

(Excerpted from Henan Polytechnic University's emergency plan for drowning rescue):

First, the emergency organization and responsibilities

The school set up an emergency leading group for drowning rescue, whose members are: team leader; Vice president in charge of safety work; Director of the School Party Committee Office; Director of the principal's office; Director of security department; Director of student affairs office; Director of logistics management department; And general manager of logistics group company. Their duty is to lead and direct relevant personnel to be responsible for and closely cooperate with each other according to the provisions of this plan, carry out their duties, and quickly carry out rescue and rehabilitation and other related matters. There are four working groups under the leading group, whose personnel composition and job responsibilities are: 1. Captain of the rescue team: fire chief of the security department: 10 members of the security department and 6 members of the logistics group corporation. Job responsibilities: after receiving the emergency rescue notice, the rescue team members should immediately rush to the drowning site, and first use the on-site life-saving equipment for emergency rescue; If necessary, the diving and life-saving equipment stored in the west storage room on the first floor of the comprehensive building will be transferred to the site as soon as possible, and personnel will be organized to go into the water for rescue to minimize losses. 2. Leader of the Information Liaison Group: Director of the Monitoring and Command Center of the Security Department: Staff of the Monitoring and Alarm Command Center of the Security Department: Responsibilities: Responsible for receiving the police; After receiving the alarm, immediately notify the rescue team members to arrive at the rescue site as soon as possible, and report the development to the leading group and relevant departments in a timely and accurate manner; Responsible for conveying the instructions of the leading group to all groups and relevant units and personnel; According to the instructions of the leading group, ask for help from "1 10" and "1 19". 3. Leader of the Logistics Support and Medical Rescue Team: Deputy Head of the Logistics Management Department: Dean of the school hospital: some nurses in the school hospital and members of the school guard of the security department: responsible for on-site rescue, mobilizing materials and vehicles needed for rescue, and assisting in rescue work; Give on-site rescue to the rescued man overboard, and dial "120" as appropriate. 4. Head of the Alert and Material Collection Team: Chief of the Public Security Section of the Security Department: Part of the responsibilities of the school health team of the Security Department: After receiving the drowning rescue notice, the alert team should quickly arrive at the rescue site, maintain the order at the scene, and evacuate the idle personnel in the rescue area; Conduct on-site protection and collect relevant information, such as the unit, name, on-site photography and on-site video recording of witnesses.

Second, the emergency procedures

(1) Daily prevention 1. Adhere to prevention first. School water management departments should strengthen safety management, set warning signs and no swimming signs around the waters, and conduct regular safety inspections around them to prevent problems before they happen. 2. The security department should use monitoring equipment to monitor the water surface for 24 hours, and cooperate with the water management department to find possible security risks in time. 3. The security department should set up necessary life-saving equipment around the water area, and store life-saving equipment such as life jackets, life-saving ropes and diving suits nearby. 4. The security department should set up a joint drowning rescue team with the water management department, the school hospital and other relevant departments, and conduct life-saving drills from time to time to improve life-saving ability. (2) emergency treatment 1. After the drowning incident, the witnesses at the scene are obliged to call the police immediately. The telephone number is 3987 1 10. After receiving the alarm, the monitoring alarm command center shall promptly notify the rescue team to go to the scene for rescue, report to the leading group at the same time, and convey the relevant instructions of the leading group to all working groups. 2. After receiving the alarm, members of the leading group should immediately rush to the scene of the accident to direct the rescue team, logistics support and medical rescue team, alert and material collection team to carry out on-site rescue; Command logistics support and medical rescue teams to ensure the supply of related materials and carry out on-site first aid. 3. After the drowning scene rescue, the alert and data collection team should assist the public security department or other relevant departments to investigate the cause of drowning and report the conclusion to the leading group as the basis for the leading group to deal with the drowning accident.

Edit the first aid method for drowning children in this paragraph.

Babies and children may even drown in shallow water. Be sure to keep children away from the bathtub or washing machine. Moreover, in order to prepare for drowning, we should learn methods such as artificial respiration and heart massage. The first thing you have to do: call a person's name loudly to confirm whether you consciously check your nose and breathing, whether you are breathing and observe whether you have a heartbeat. Take emergency measures: when you are awake, keep warm with fruits such as blankets and then send them to the hospital. When you fill a lot of water and your stomach bulges, put the child on your stomach, press your hand on your abdomen, lift your waist and let the child spit out the water. Or, the rescuer sits, puts the child's abdomen on his knees, makes the child face down and pats his back. Unconscious: If the drowning person is unconscious, he should lie on his back quickly, tilt his head to one side, and remove mud, weeds and vomit from his mouth and nose. If the drowning person has weak or no breathing, artificial respiration should be carried out quickly. The method of artificial respiration is: put the drowning person in the supine position, the rescuer holds the drowning person's nostril with one hand, opens the drowning person's mouth with the other hand, takes a deep breath, blows from mouth to mouth quickly, and so on until the breathing is restored. The frequency of artificial respiration is 12~20 times per minute. If the drowning person's breathing and heartbeat have stopped, he should be given cardiopulmonary resuscitation immediately. The emergency personnel pressed the heart on the middle sternum of the drowning person, and their fingers fell into 1-2 cm. Press down slowly and relax quickly, 80~ 100 times per minute, and cooperate with artificial respiration. The operation of cardiac compression and artificial respiration is 30:2. (latest international standards). [ 1]