What are the elements of photography? What are the photographic structures?

Generally speaking, the elements of composition are points, lines, shapes, shapes, patterns, textures, colors, tones and tones.

A point refers to an object with a certain area or volume, which has a certain meaning and consists of pixels. Such as mountains and rivers, a tree in the forest, a seagull in the vast ocean, pedestrians in the distance, kites flying in the sky.

simple point

Although the proportion of each point in the composition picture is very small, it often gives people a "heavy" visual feeling.

multiple spot

There are two or more points in the composition. If these two points are distributed on both sides of the picture and are similar in size and light and shade, this picture will give people a very balanced, stable and harmonious feeling.

If there is a distance contrast between points in the picture, the photo will show a deep sense of space. The photographer should make the photo more stereoscopic and spatial through the arrangement of point positions, with a slightly larger point in front and a slightly smaller point in the back, which is in line with the perspective law.

Many points on a line can be arranged in a line. Our common lines are straight lines such as walls and towering buildings, and curves winding like country roads.

In photography, there is also a very important line that exists in the senses. For example, some trees and rocks are obviously arranged in lines, but we can feel that there is still a looming "line" connecting these scenes in series.

There are also some dotted lines that we need to know in detail, such as the line of sight of people or animals, the trajectory or direction of composition elements.

Our most common lines are straight lines, horizontal lines, vertical lines, diagonal lines and curves.

For a straight line, the vertical line gives people a firm, upward, solemn and powerful feeling.

Control the level and direction of the horizon, and the horizon will give people a calm, stable and soothing feeling.

Diagonal composition can make the viewer focus on the diagonal direction and convey a sense of movement and vitality.

The curve extending to the picture can enhance the depth of the photo and make it more deep and three-dimensional.

The horizontal curve gives a romantic and elegant feeling.

For portrait photography, the curve of the characters changing up and down can show the feeling of elegance and charm.

Vertical lines often give people a firm, upward and towering feeling. It is more suitable for static objects.

Different lines and curves in the shape scene will be randomly or regularly distributed, and the photo screen will be cut into different geometric shapes. Common geometric shapes are triangle, circle, rectangle and diamond.

rectangle

Square, rectangle, etc. Can be classified as rectangles. No matter how many rectangles there are in the photo frame, the change law is similar to the angle of the view frame, and the final photo will naturally have a sense of order.

triangle

A regular triangle (narrow at the top and wide at the bottom) shows the sense of stability of the scene itself or between scenes; The river line (wide at the top and narrow at the bottom) gives people the feeling that it is not stable enough, which makes people feel depressed and uncomfortable.

Triangles also contain diagonal lines and edges, which have a sense of rhythm and are often used for composition.

Round; circular

It means that the edge contour of some scenes is round, or the lines are round. When composing a composition, it can organize the picture with circles, thus obtaining a complete and complete psychological hint.

After the figure determines the outline shape of the scene, it is necessary to shape its three-dimensional sense through the tone changes of the bright and dark parts, and finally show the all-round figure of the scene from all angles. When representing a scene, in order to highlight its stereoscopic effect and emphasize its thickness and component, it is necessary to show its shape.

Texture refers to the visual and psychological feelings brought by the material and texture of an object. We can use light and shadow to highlight the texture; The texture of the scene is the best carrier of the photographer's emotions and emotions, and the viewer is more likely to feel this emotion from the texture.

Through the control of shooting technology and timing, the scenery can present a better texture and enhance the expressive force of the photo. Secondly, we can also use photographic equipment or post-processing software to enhance the texture of photos.

A pattern consists of multiple points, multiple lines or multiple different colors. The characteristic of pattern is that it can enrich the composition content and level of photos and make photos more attractive. Photographers should use careful observation and changeable photography concepts to find interesting patterns in the scene to express and strengthen.

The source of color is actually very simple, mainly the color of the light source spectrum itself. We can use the white balance adjustment of the camera to present different color changes.

colour

The three elements of color: hue, saturation and lightness have great influence on photography creation. Red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue and purple are seven different hues and three achromatic colors. Achromatic colors are very harmonious, natural and comfortable with any color collocation.

Red and yellow, yellow and green, green and blue are adjacent colors. In photography creation, adjacent color matching can make photos look very harmonious.

Red and cyan, blue and yellow, green and magenta are complementary colors, and photos are complementary colors, which have strong visual effects.

Saturation capacity

Among the colors, the highest saturation is red and the lowest is blue.

If you don't add achromatic color to the color, the color is naturally the purest, that is, the highest saturation; The more achromatic colors are added, the impure the colors are, that is, the lower the saturation is.

light

The lightness of colors from bright to dark is yellow, cyan, green, orange, red, purple and blue.

In photography creation, there should be no more than three colors of photos, and the color matching of photos should be concise and clean.

The scenery has its inherent color, but it is not static. With the change of light and time, the color of the scene may change. All photographic creations need to be sensitive to this color change, so as to create photographic works that meet specific emotions or emotions, and to better express the photographer's real impression when creating. When composing a composition, you should be good at giving full play to the associative and symbolic functions of color, rendering and strengthening the color of the scene according to the actual situation, so as to obtain the visual effect of the photos you want, convey your thoughts and feelings, and resonate with the viewers emotionally.

Tone refers to the tone of the picture, which is the general name of color brightness and purity.

warm tone

Red, orange, yellow and other colors are warm tones. Warm photos are easy to show rich, warm and full emotions, and can also show feelings of happiness and harvest.

cool tone

Among the common colors, green, cyan and blue are cool colors. Cool photos sometimes make people feel rational and calm.

Contrast tone

Using cold and warm contrast to create a picture, the hue difference of cold and warm contrast colors is great, and the visual impact is strong.

Contrast of complementary colors, such as red and green, yellow and purple, orange and blue. Visual experience gives people strong impact and stimulation.

Harmonious tone

It consists of two adjacent colors on the color phase ring, or colors within 90 degrees apart on the color phase ring. Taking pictures will give viewers a sense of harmony and stability.

Thick tone

It refers to enhancing the color sense by reducing the exposure (making the film slightly underexposed) or adding polarizers.

Colors with high saturation and low lightness give people a strong visual feeling, which is suitable for the natural landscape with strong light ratio.

light tone

Adding white will make the saturation lower and the brightness higher, so that the color of the final photo is light tone, which can convey an elegant and quiet atmosphere. In real shooting, we can achieve this effect by increasing exposure.

Tone in tone photography actually refers to the brightness level of the picture, and the change of this brightness level is brought about by the different light reception between scenes, the brightness and color change of the scene itself.

High shadow tone

High tone, also known as bright tone, refers to a large number of regional levels composed of light and bright pixels in a photo. This kind of photography gives people a sense of sacredness, clarity and openness.

bass

Refers to the dark area dominated by black to construct the overall level of the picture. Black occupies almost all areas of the picture, while light white is only used as an ornament. Low-tone works give people a mysterious and heavy feeling, which can not only enhance the artistic conception of the picture tone, but also bring a sense of exquisiteness.

Halftone

Midrange is between high and low notes. On the whole, a large area of black or light-colored scenes should not be absolutely dominant in photos, and more areas are intermediate tones with average brightness.

The works in the middle tune are mainly in black and white, which gives people a strong visual impression, as well as a sense of life, strength and excitement.

Silhouette Silhouette is a special form of tone composition. With the large light ratio in the scene, the background is exposed normally, while the subject is underexposed. Silhouette photos give people a stronger visual impact through the strong contrast of tones. Silhouette is widely used in landscape photography, and most of them are shot against the light.

The visual and psychological feelings presented by the arrangement of rhythm points, lines, shapes, colors, tones and other elements in a certain way (such as gradual change, alternation, interval, etc.). ).

Repetitive rhythm

This pattern rhythm is formed by the repeated appearance of one or more patterning elements at the same or regular intervals. Repetition rhythm includes element repetition and interval repetition.

Progressive rhythm

Refers to the rhythm that people feel when the color, tone, shape and form of the scene in the photo change regularly. In order to get a good gradual rhythm effect, it is very important to change the focal length of the lens and flexibly find the shooting position.

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