Appreciation of Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain

Du Fu is known as a poet, and most of his seven laws are masterpieces. Ascending the Mountain was praised as "the first poem in ancient and modern times" by the ancients, and (in Hu Yinglin's place) it is indeed a masterpiece through the ages.

The first half of this poem is about scenery, not climbing up to see it; The second half is lyrical and feels for climbing. And the scene is full of affection, which is a scene of affection; Love is beautiful and blends in with the scenery. "In the sharp wind in the vast sky, apes are sobbing, and birds are flying home on clear lakes and white beaches." Every sentence of this couplet is 30% off, and every scene is folded up: Feng Xiaobei became seriously ill when he climbed high, and his body suddenly became ill, almost shaking; Looking at the distance, the autumn is crisp and the blue sky is high; Apes are screaming and moaning. Overlooking Zhu Jiang, the water is clear and the sand is white; Birds fly on it, and if there is nothing to rely on, the wind blows its feathers and it is difficult to return. "Leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall, while I watch the long river roll forward." The wind blows leaves, rustling and falling, and mountains and valleys wither; The river is rolling and the avalanche is endless. How open this artistic conception is! In these four sentences, every sentence is a scene, and every word is a scene. What the poet sees, hears and feels the same, just like a high-speed camera. The shutter rang frequently, and he took close-ups one by one, forming a harmonious picture. The "sad autumn" on the necklace is the "dzi bead" in this painting. The language that the author describes this painting is not a word about autumn, but there is not a word that is not autumn, and there is not a scene that is not autumn. The desolation of autumn scenery is a portrayal of the author's mood. The sad scene is not sadness, but the poet's heart is sad. The scenes in this painting are all real scenes, but at the same time, they all contain symbolic meanings, reflecting the poet's national hatred and family sadness, as well as his life experience. "Wind Rush" is about the chaotic situation and unstable political situation of the Tang Dynasty Empire. Its "high standards, strong winds" ("With Gong Deng Ci 'en Temple Tower") is symbolic. If so, you can refer to it. "Tiangao" refers to the political orders of the emperor and the court, acting surly, and accusing him of being attacked, persecuted and alienated by innocents, and living in a secluded and vast world, separated from his brothers and sisters and each other. His "God's will is too difficult to ask, and old people tend to be sad" ("Seeing Ma Daqing off in Jiangling in late spring") and "Being blind in old age, people stay in an empty valley" ("Seeing you off to your former residence") can all be used as his footnotes. "The cry of the ape" refers to the clear and mournful voice of the ape, which increases their worries. "Birds Fly Back" is an experience of escaping from chaos and being in a foreign land. Zhu Qing Shabai "is better than his poor wandering life. This whole sentence shows that he could not return to the motherland because of war and turmoil, and had to bear the plight of poverty, suffering and staying by the river. " Leaves fall like a waterfall "symbolizes the decline of the country and its own decline." I am unwilling and helpless about this; Infinite sadness and sadness are beyond words. "And I think the long river is always rolling forward." The poet's concern for the country and the people, his regret for his own life experience, his hatred for being unable to reunite with his younger brother and sister, and his yearning for being unable to reunite with his friends, all kinds of sadness followed one after another, like rolling the Yangtze River, gushing and sweating. Li Yu's "How much sorrow can you have, just like a river flowing eastward" can be his spouse, so much so. At this point, this river-like feeling has been put into the gate of the scene, and then it poured out and expressed directly.

"I came from three thousand miles away. Sad this autumn, I have climbed this high alone for a hundred years, "one link and eight meanings, step by step, sad to death." "Guest": Staying in a foreign land, sad; "Chang": it means long-term wandering, difficulties and obstacles, and getting more and more sad; "Wan Li": Home is far away, and it is more difficult to return; Sad Autumn: autumn scenery was sad, his eyes touched him, and he provoked him, mixed with sadness and joy. "On the Stage": The ancients thought that nine was a positive number, and on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, both the sun and the moon were sunny, so it was called Chongyang. In the traditional Double Ninth Festival, relatives and friends mingle, climb high and drink, and get together to eliminate disasters. It was originally a solution to depression for poets to enter the stage, but the word "independence" backfired: living in a foreign land, lonely and unbearable; On holidays, I will think of my relatives and friends. Today, I should get together. Alone, he will inevitably think of the lively scenes of "Old Double Ninth Festival, Pass the Cup" (one of the five poems of the ninth day) and "Sitting drunk with guests" (the second one), thus adding to his loneliness and homesickness. "Centennial": the year of old age; "He smiled, and several people lived to this day" ("Five Songs in Nine Days" IV). Now, he is getting old on the stage. I wonder if he can come again next year? The situation is "terminally ill", what else to say! The general meaning is "if you don't recover from a long illness, you will never see the future" ("Jixing"). This sentence is written to say that I miss my family. The previous sentence tells the sadness of my life. "Bitterness and hatred of countless temples, heartache and tiredness are a thick layer of dust in my wine." When the poet thinks of his old age and infirmity, he can't help but feel the pain of his unfulfilled ambition-empty hands, no achievements, and no temples. How sad it is! The poet knew that "a glass of wine can solve a thousand worries" (sunset), but now he misses his relatives and friends, is depressed, looks depressed and is in a very bad mood. He is not even interested in drinking alone. Just now, he was going to give up drinking, and he was so worried that he was drunk! Du Fu was ill, so he couldn't drink any more and was forced to give up drinking. Since the troubles come from this, even the blessing of lifting wine to eliminate worries is gone. It's actually wrong. In the Ninth Five-Year Plan, there is a saying that "Chongyang drinks a glass of wine alone, and when he is sick, he climbs the river." Bamboo leaves are not divided into people, and chrysanthemums are not allowed to open. " This is what it's like to drink alone, on the stage. So "bamboo leaves" (the name of wine) is nothing to people. This is the so-called "new stop" after the stage.

This poem, as Hu Yinglin said, "General rules, syntax, typography, never before, never after." This kind of writing is full of ups and downs and profound content, which fully embodies the basic style of Du Fu's poetry.