Who won the battle between Chu and Han?

Qin lost its deer, the world chased it, and the superior got it first. When the Qin Dynasty lost its throne, everyone in the world fought for it, and those with high skills grabbed it first. )

At the beginning of 202 BC, the army of Xiang Yu, the overlord of the western Chu Dynasty, was firmly surrounded by the allied forces of Hanwang Liu Bang and various princes in Gaixia (now southeast of Lingbi County, Anhui Province). At night, a Chu song sounded around, which surprised Xiang Yu: "Did the Han army occupy Chu?" How can there be so many Chu people in the Han army? " Knowing that the tide had ebbed, he could no longer sleep and drank in the camp. Drinking and drinking, Xiang Yu could not restrain his inner impulse and sang a sad song:

Pull up the mountain and share the anger with the world (I have the courage to shake the mountain),

Unfortunately, the timing is unfavorable, and even BMW can't run fast.

I can't help it (BMW can't run fast, so I can't help it).

What if you are worried (concubine, concubine, how can I deserve you)!

In the cry of holding her left and right, Xiang Yu cried and said goodbye to her, led 800 cavalry to break through and ran south in the dark. At dawn, the Han army found out and immediately sent 5000 cavalry to pursue it. After crossing the Huaihe River, Xiang Yu's entourage has fled to only a hundred people. Arriving in Yanling (now northwest of Dingyuan County, Anhui Province), Xiang Yu got lost and asked a farmer for directions. Show him to the left and leave Xiang Yu and his party in a swamp for the Han army to catch up. Xiang Yu ran while playing, and arrived in Dongcheng (now southeast of Dingyuan County, Anhui Province), leaving only 28 riders. Under the pursuit of thousands of Han cavalry, Xiang Yu knew that Lao Naively didn't bless him, and said to his men, "I have fought more than 70 battles in the past eight years and have never been defeated, so I dominate the world." But today I'm stuck here. Fighting is my life, not my fault. Now I'll fight to the death and win three games quickly for you to see. Every time, we should kill the generals of the other side and cut the flag of the Han army. Let you know that today is the day to kill me, not that I'm not playing well. "Sure enough, Xiang Yu was invincible. He captured the flag and chopped it three times in the Han army, but he could not get rid of the pursuit of the Han army.

Like Xiang Yu, Xiang Yu fled to Wujiang River (now northeast of Anhui County). The owner let him cross the river on board. He advised: "Jiangdong (Jiangnan) has thousands of miles of land and hundreds of thousands of people, which is enough to be king. Now I am the only one with a boat. Come up and cross the river quickly. The Han army can't cross the river. " Xiang Yu smiled and said, "If God wants to kill me, why should I cross the river?"? Besides, I took 8,000 Jiangdong children across the river, and now no one can go back. It is the elders in Jiangdong who pity me and respect me as king. How dare I see them again? Don't I feel ashamed even if they don't scold me? "

Xiang Yu gave his mount to Tingchang, engaged the Han army with a short knife, killed hundreds of Han troops and injured himself dozens of times. At this moment, he met his acquaintance Lv Matong and asked, "Isn't this an old friend? I heard that Hanwang bought my head with 1000 Jin of gold and 10000 fiefs, which will help you! " He committed suicide with a knife. Wang Jin grabbed him and cut off his head. Soldiers scrambled to snatch his body, killing each other and killing dozens of people. Finally, Lv Matong and four other people each caught a piece of this, so they were named five people.

After Xiang Yu's death, all the land of Chu surrendered to Korea, leaving only his fief Lucheng (now Qufu City, Shandong Province). The threat of the Han army's massacre did not work until Xiang Yu's head was brought and the people in the city were convinced that Xiang Yu was dead before opening the door and surrendering. At this point, the dispute between Chu and Han ended with the victory of Hanwang and Liu Bang.

After Zi Ying, king of Qin Dynasty, surrendered from Xianyang City in 206 BC and handed over the emperor's seal, after three years and four months, the deer lost by Qin Dynasty was finally won by Liu Bang.

In fact, at the end of Qin Dynasty, Liu Bang did not have the qualification of "excellent material" at first.

After Liu Bang became the "Emperor Taizu Gao" of the Han Dynasty, although Mitchell made up a series of myths for him, this could not conceal the fact that he was born in a subtle way. Liu Bang was born in an ordinary peasant family, and his parents didn't even have a name. History books can only call him "Taigong" and "Liu Wei" (Aunt Liu). I have only served as a curator, and I am the lowest-ranking official. General Chu of Xiang Yu's family is Xiang Yan's grandson and Xiang Liang's nephew. Among the other participating princes, Zhang Han was a general of the Qin Dynasty and once commanded hundreds of thousands of troops. Sima Xin is a long history of Zhang Han (quite secretary-general and chief of staff); Dong Kun is a surname; Wei Qi and Wei Baoyuan were originally the royal family of Wei. Han Wangcheng is a former Korean son; Zhao Wangxie is the original royal family of Zhao; Shi Tian, Tian Du, Tian An and Tian Fake are all former royal families of Qi. Zhang Er and Chen Yu are celebrities of the former Wei State. On birth and family background, both of them are more attractive than Liu Bang.

Liu bang, before he started fighting, was incompetent. He was lazy and didn't cure his family business. Once, he invited his friends over for dinner. Sister-in-law hated it, and deliberately surrounded the bottom of the pot so big that they thought there was no soup in the pot. He likes drinking, but he has no money. He often attributed the credit to Wang Wei and the Five Blessingg family. It is said that Wang and Wu often write off his account because they saw him lying on the ground drunk with a dragon on him. This is his record after he became emperor. In fact, it may be that he often defaults. He is lewd, and his eldest son, Liu Fei, has a "foreign woman" (concubine) Cao Shi. After Liu Bang became the director of the pavilion, he had a good relationship with his colleagues, but when he escorted the criminals to Xianyang, many people fled before they left the county. Lv Gong, a single father (now Shanxian South), is a friend of Emperor Han Jingdi in Peixian County. When he came to Pei County, he greeted the guests. Xiao He, who is in charge of receiving gifts, can only stipulate: "Those who receive gifts for less than 1,000 yuan, please sit down." After Liu Bang came to the door, he called himself "He Wan". When Lv Gong heard the news, he got up to greet him and called him to his seat. In fact, Liu Bang is penniless. Xiao He knows him like the back of his hand, afraid of embarrassment. He said: "Liu Bang always talks big and can't do serious things." Liu bang, on the other hand, is familiar with people's minds and grandly sits on the seat. This actually attracted Lv Gong's favor and betrothed his daughter (Lv Zhi, later Lv Hou) to him. Because of this, Liu Bang's father called him "Wu (no) lai", and his behavior can be seen.

In contrast, although Xiang Yu didn't want to learn sword when he was young, he hoped to learn "ten thousand enemies" (the ability to deal with ten thousand people) and be familiar with the art of war. He is more than 8 feet long, can carry the tripod, is brilliant, and is not strong in martial arts; After seeing the ostentation and extravagance of Qin Shihuang's military parade, he said "you can change him", which is even more magnificent than Liu Bang's "a gentleman should be like this" in Xianyang, and his ambition is not high. Judging from his combat record, especially in the last battle of Gaixia, he was the most brave general at that time, and of course he was far above Liu Bang. At the time of suicide, he was 3 1 year old and had no offspring. He is just different from Yu Ji's crying in the record, and probably didn't have sex like Liu Bang. Lv Cheng's elders, who believe in Confucian etiquette, are willing to defend him. As a loser who left no personal scandal, Xiang Yu's character seems to be much better than Liu Bang's.

When Liu Bang arose, Peixian only received two or three thousand men, while Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu had eight thousand men when they crossed the river. Liu Banglian couldn't attack Fengyi in his hometown. He won only after receiving 5000 foot soldiers and 10 "five generals" funded by Xiang Liang. When Xiang Liang was around, Liu Bang did everything he was told. After the death of Xiang Liang, it was Xiang Yu who dealt with Zhang Han, the main force of Qin Jun. Liu Bang didn't fight much. After entering the customs, Liu Bang's army was only 654.38+million, while Xiang Yu had 400,000 troops. When Liu Bang went to Hanzhong, Xiang Yu only gave him 30,000 foot soldiers, and many people fled along the way. Even in the battle between Chu and Han, Liu Bang was defeated repeatedly, and his parents and wife were captured, with an arrow in his chest, and survived several times.

But history only made Liu Bang the final winner and arranged a tragic ending for Xiang Yu.

Of course, we can say that it is in line with the historical trend to overthrow the rule of the Qin Dynasty and re-establish a unified political power. But the uprising that overthrew the Qin Dynasty was launched by Chen Sheng and Guangwu. Many people participated in it before Liu Bang, and Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu rose at the same time as Liu Bang. In fact, it was not Liu Bang who destroyed or contained Qin Jun's main force. Without Liu Bang's participation, the Qin Dynasty could not continue. Liu bang abolished the tyranny of the Qin dynasty after entering the customs, but it seems that he did not continue to carry out the policies of the Qin dynasty in areas controlled by other princes. If China is unified by others, including Xiang Yu, it is not necessarily worse than the Han Dynasty established by Liu Bang. Therefore, the collapse of the Qin Dynasty and the establishment of a new dynasty can be said to be historical necessity, but it is not destined to be completed by Liu Bang.

It is also said that Xiang Yu's failure was due to his enfeoffment of princes, which regressed from Qin Shihuang's county system and centralized system. But Liu Bang was also a vassal when he fought against Xiang Yu. At the beginning of the establishment of the Han dynasty, many princes with the same surname were sealed. If this is an expedient measure, why can't Xiang Yu be an expedient measure?

It has been said before that Xiang Yu was born in the nobility of Chu and Liu Bang was born in the working people, so Liu Bang can inherit the cause of peasant uprising. That would be even more ridiculous. Not to mention that Liu Bang's ultimate goal is to be an emperor, there is no essential difference between the Han Dynasty and the Qin Dynasty. Even so, Chen Sheng, Guangwu, Qing Bu, Han Xin, Peng Yue and Lu Wan among the vassals all belong to the working people, and it may not be Liu Bang's turn.

Therefore, history provides an opportunity, but not only for Liu Bang, but for Liu Bang. From this perspective, Liu Bang's success is not accidental.

When Liu Bangchu ascended the throne, he asked you to tell me why he won the world and Xiang Yu lost it, and asked them to speak frankly. Gao Qi said to the tomb, "Your majesty is arrogant and rude to others. Xiang Yu stresses benevolence and love. But after you sent people to attack the city, you gave them the spoils and prisoners, and there are benefits to share with you. Xiang Yu was jealous of his talent, framed those who had merit, and doubted those who had ability. Those who win the battle do not give credit, and those who win the land do not give benefits. This is why he lost the world. " Liu Bang said, "You only know one, but you don't know the other. I might as well say (Liang) that the strategic decision is in the act and the victory is thousands of miles away; Preside over administrative agencies, manage people, ensure supply, and make the transportation line of grain endless I am not as good as Xiao He; I led a million troops to win every battle and defeat every attack. I am not as good as Han Xin. These three are outstanding figures, and I can use them, which is why I win the world. Xiang can't even use a Fan Zeng, so he will be defeated by me. "

Liu Bang also had two conversations with Han Xin. At one time, he just worshipped Han Xin as a general. Han Xin asked him, "How can your majesty expect to be braver and more benevolent than Xiang Yu?" Liu Bang was silent for a long time and had to admit that he was "as beautiful as a Buddha". On another occasion, Liu Bang and Han Xin, who had been deprived of the military power and the throne, discussed the general's ability to lead troops and asked, "How many soldiers can a person like me take?" Han Xin said, "Your Majesty can only take 100,000." Liu Bang asked, "What about you?" A: "Like a minister, do more (well-meaning) things, and the more you bring, the better." Liu Bang said with a smile: "Do more! How can that be used by me? " Han Xin said, "Your Majesty can't lead troops, but he can lead generals, so I will be used by you. Besides, your skills are given by heaven, not comparable to human resources. "

It seems that Liu Bang still has self-knowledge. He knew that his skills were limited, far less than Xiang Yu's. So if he wants to defeat Xiang Yu, he can only reuse excellent people and give full play to their roles to make up for his own shortcomings and defeat the enemy. Although Han Xin's evaluation is flattering, it also shows that Liu Bang's general skills are better than his own troops. Therefore, although his martial arts and command ability are far less than Xiang Yu's, he can defeat Xiang Yu with generals such as Han Xin.

Perhaps it is because Liu Bang knows that he is not capable enough to listen to other people's opinions. His initial decision was often problematic, but after getting the correct opinion, he no longer insisted on his own opinion. Several key decisions in the dispute between Chu and Han were the result of his adopting other people's opinions.

When Li Shiqi went to see Liu Bang, he asked two maids to wash his feet. Li Shiqi scolded him and said, "If you really want to destroy the ruthless Qin Dynasty, you shouldn't be so rude to your elders." Liu Bang immediately got up, packed his clothes, apologized, asked him to sit down, took his advice, attacked Liu Chen (now southeast of Kaifeng County, Henan Province), and gained grain reserves in the Qin Dynasty.

Tourist Map When Liu Bang's army attacked Nanyang County, Qin Dou was guarding Wancheng (now Nanyang City, Henan Province), and he was going to bypass Wancheng and continue to move westward. Sean advised, "Although you are eager to enter the customs, there are still many Qin soldiers, and they have occupied the danger. If we don't attack Wancheng now, it will attack behind, and the powerful Qin Jun will be in front, which is very dangerous. " So Liu Bangling led the troops back overnight and completed the siege of Wancheng before dawn. The chief of Nanyang sent Sheren to tell the truth, and Liu Bang accepted the surrender in time, winning a precious opportunity to enter the customs first.

After entering Xianyang, Liu Bang originally planned to live in the palace. He listened to Fan Kuai and dissuaded him, sealed up all the treasures of the Qin Dynasty and returned to the city to be stationed in Pakistan. He mistakenly listened to other people's opinions and sent troops to block off Wuguan, so as to prevent the vassals from entering and monopolizing Guanzhong. The enraged Xiang Yu not only attacked Wuguan, but also prepared to launch an attack to destroy Liu Bang. After hearing the news, Liu Bang completely obeyed Sean's arrangement, made friends with Xiang Yu's uncle Xiang Bo, and went to the Hongmen banquet through him. With the help of Sean and Xiang Bo, he resolved the disaster and survived.

Xiang Yu broke the contract and named Liu Bang Hanwang. Liu bang was so angry that he wanted to fight hard with Xiang Yu. Zhou Bo, Guan Ying, Fan Kuai and others also advised Liu Bang to start work, but Xiao He dissuaded him: "The current army is not as good as others. Didn't you live in vain? " He advised Liu Bang to accept the fief of Hanwang, take Hanzhong and Bashu as the base areas, and set Guanzhong to unify the world.

Xiao He recommended Han Xin many times, but Liu Bang didn't take it seriously. After Xiao He personally recovered Han Xin, he once again recommended to Liu Bang: "If you plan to rule Hanzhong for a long time, Han Xin is useless; If we must fight for the world, there will be no discussion without Han Xin. Make your own ideas! " Liu immediately agreed to use Han Xin as the general. Xiao He said, "You have always been arrogant and rude. Now it's like playing with a child. No wonder Han Xin is leaving. If you really want to worship him as a general, you must choose a good day, fast, build an altar and hold a grand ceremony. " Liu Bang did it one by one, won the general Han Xin, and won the final victory of Sanqin.

Later, Liu bang once listened to the advice of the successor who founded the six countries as a vassal, and even the seal was engraved. After listening to Sean's eight-point objection, Liu Bang was angry and anxious, and cursed: "This smelly boy almost ruined Lao Tzu's great event." Destroy the seal immediately. Xingyang was besieged, and Chen Ping's deviance made Xiang Yu lose Fan Zeng. When Liu Bang was ready to move eastward again, he listened to Sheng Yuan's advice, changed to Wuguan, marched into Nanyang Basin, and mobilized to move southward to Junnan. After Han Xin destroyed qi, he did not listen to the command. Liu bang wants to suppress by force. After being dissuaded by Sean, he made Han Xin King of Qi and won the support of Han Xin at the critical moment. Xiang Yu agreed to draw the boundary between the two sides with a gap, and released Liu Bang's parents and wife. Liu Bang willingly retreated to Guanzhong, Sean and Chen Ping took the initiative, and Liu Bang turned to Xiang Yu. In the last battle, the most powerful vassals, Han Xin and Peng Yue, stayed put, and the Han army was defeated by the Chu army, so they had to stick to the deep ditch and high base. Liu accepted Sean's suggestion, adjusted and expanded Han Peng's fief in exchange for their army, and formed Xiang Yu's camp. If Liu Bang is as self-righteous and headstrong as Xiang Yu, then every step above may be wrong and will lead to irreparable failure.

However, you can't get the world just by employing people and following good advice. As a founding emperor, Liu Bang still has his unique skills. Perhaps he didn't want to confess in public, and previous historians didn't seem to pay enough attention to it. That is to say, under the firm goal of "striving for the world", he has implemented quite flexible strategies, and is willing to take risks, be flexible and even do whatever it takes. He never pays attention to aboveboard, keeps his word and is worthy of "death". However, we have to admit that this is the only way for Liu Bang, a man with a "subtle" background, to succeed, and there is no other choice.

Take his meeting with Lv Gong as an example. According to his family background, he can't afford a gift of 1000 yuan. If he follows the rules, he can only sit under the hall and watch the excitement. Even if you bite the bullet and charge 1000 yuan, it's just a guest appearance in class. And a "Congratulations to Qian Qian" made him easily sit on the chief, became the guest of Lv Gong, and married a wife with status. The risk is worthwhile and harmless. Even if the truth is exposed, the problem is not big. After all, Xiao He's method is neither legal nor illegal. Liu bang is a hooligan and is not afraid of losing face in front of his colleagues.

When Chu Huaiwang sent troops to attack Qin, Qin Jun was still very strong, and all the generals dared not fight for the first place. However, Liu Bang's courage to accept the order of "going to the west slightly" shows that he has courage and is not afraid of death. However, Xiang Yu wanted to enter the customs with Liu Bang, but he was never allowed because of the opposition of the "elders" around Wang Huai. Zhu Lao thinks Xiang Yu is a "sly thief", and he burned all the places he passed, while Liu Bang has always been a "generous elder". In fact, Zhu Lao's understanding of Liu Bang is not comprehensive or in-depth, but Liu Bang's superficial writing is better and he attaches importance to public relations.

An old people's bad impression of Xiang Yu is that he killed all the people in Xiangcheng (now Xiangcheng County, Henan Province), but Liu Bangchu threatened the people in Peixian County when he started fighting. If you don't respond to him, he will "kill father and son"; The capture of Angelababy (now southwest of Xuchang City, Henan Province) in the westward movement was also a "massacre", and it was adowa and cruel.

It is the most praised performance of Liu Bang after he entered the customs, and it is also a means of propaganda. It's not that he didn't want to live in a luxurious palace, but that Sean and others dissuaded him. He sealed the treasures of the Qin dynasty, but when he first entered Xianyang, "all the generals will seize the wealth of gold, silk and property", and Xiao He has taken over the "decree book" collected by the prime minister and the suggestion (see the biography of Han Xiao He). At the Hongmen Banquet, the jade barrels that Liu Bang gave Xiang Yu and Fan Zeng were of course treasures of Qin Gongzhong, but Liu Bang did not rob and destroy the imperial court with open fire, as Xiang Yu did. The main significance of the "Three Chapters of the Contract" is to abolish the harsh laws of the Qin Dynasty, but this will be implemented by anyone after entering the customs. It is actually impossible to implement the three principles of "the murderer dies, the wounded are injured, and the thief makes amends". Because on the one hand, murder, wounding and theft are not easy to identify, and the degree of wounding and theft is very different. How to make amends? What are the penalties for different crimes? On the other hand, there are many crimes in society, far more than the above three. What should people do if they commit other crimes? There are still many Qin laws that can be seen now. Did it all go to waste? Moreover, it is less than two months from Liu Bang's entry into the customs to Xiang Yu's entry into the customs, and the "three chapters of the contract" will not have any practical effect. As for Liu Bang's rejection of the people's cattle, sheep, wine and food, as he himself said: "There are many granaries, and I don't want to waste people." There is enough food in the warehouse. I don't want to trouble others. ) is not a good strategy, but won the hearts of the people, lest he become the king of Guanzhong.

The real purpose of Liu Bang's measures was, of course, to be the king of Guanzhong, so he sent troops to guard the pass and tried to prevent Xiang Yu and the princes from entering the pass. However, his troops were not good enough. When Xiang Yu rushed, he collapsed. When Xiang Yu was in Enemy at the Gates, Liu Bang pushed the responsibility of guarding the pass to the "Kunsheng" who gave advice, and confessed to Xiang Yu that guarding the pass was only for the purpose of preventing thieves and public security. "I look forward to the general coming to Guanzhong day and night. How dare I betray him?" Later, he endured many grievances and allowed Xiang Yu to break the contract and accept the fiefs in remote areas.

When Liu Bang returned to the division to tackle key problems, he was afraid that Xiang Yu would launch a counterattack while his foothold was unstable. He specially asked Sean to take a message: "Hanwang just wants to take Guanzhong as his fief. As long as the original agreement is resumed, he will stop military operations and dare not expand eastward. " He also sent Xiang Yu an "anti-letter" from Qi and South Korea, which read "Qi is ready to destroy Chu together with Zhao". Xiang Yu was really taken in. Instead of entering the customs to deal with Liu Bang, he concentrated his forces on attacking Qi, so that Liu Bang occupied the whole Guanzhong and consolidated the rear.

Liu Bang couldn't play the Guanzhong card any more, so he used Xiang Yu's excuse of killing Yidi to play the banner of "no way to cut". Liu Bang mourned for Yidi. He went to Yidi Mausoleum for three days in a row, crying loudly, and sent messengers to inform all the ministers: "Yidi was founded by all the people in the world, and everyone surrendered unanimously. Now he was exiled to Jiangnan by Xiang Yu and killed. It's really a big mistake! I personally observed a moment of silence for Yidi, the whole army was there, and the ancient porcelain people moved all their strength. I would like to work with you to crack down on the murderer who killed Yidi in Chu. " In this way, fighting for the world for yourself has become the justice of the just emperor.

Xingyang was besieged and couldn't escape, so Ji Xin got into Hanwang's car, pretended to be Hanwang and surrendered at the East Gate, and took the opportunity to escape from the West Gate. If Xiang Yu encounters such a situation, he would definitely rather die than go. Xiang Yu is not good at fighting. He put Liu Bang's father on a high wooden pier and warned Liu Bang: "If you don't withdraw, put your father in the oil pan." Liu Bang replied, "I once became your brother in front of Chu Huaiwang, and my father was your father. You must cook your father, hoping to share a bowl of broth. " In this case, naturally only Liu Bangcai can say it. Xiang Yu didn't kill Liu Taigong in the end, although he was dissuaded by Xiang Bo, but as Xiang Bo said, "He worked hard for the world", Liu Bang did it. What's the effect of killing his father?

After Han Xin conquered Qi, he claimed that the situation was complicated and it would be difficult to rule without a "fake king" (acting king), and demanded that he be made a "fake king". At that time, Liu Bang was surrounded by Chu troops in Xingyang. When he saw the letter sent by the messenger, he was so angry that he swore: "I am surrounded here, waiting for you to help me day and night, but you want to be king yourself!" " Sean and Chen Ping quickly hinted at him behind his back and said in his ear, "Now that we are at a disadvantage, how can we stop Han Xin from becoming king? It is better to take the initiative to establish him and get on well with him. Otherwise, something will happen. " Liu Bang also woke up and simply scolded: "If a gentleman pacifies a vassal state, he should be a real king, not a fake king!" Sean was appointed King of Qi, and his troops were called to attack the Chu army. If Liu Bang doesn't play tricks and flatly refuses Han Xin's wild desires, Han Xin won't send troops to help him. At most, he will stand on his own feet and watch the fire from the other side, so that Xiang Yu can destroy Liu Bang and even vote for Xiang Yu.

If Liu Bang abides by Confucian morality, etiquette and honesty, he will never be the winner of these contests, nor will he be the emperor of the Han Dynasty. Some people say that nine times out of ten, the founding emperor was a rogue, and only a rogue can succeed. It is not unreasonable. This is true of Liu Bang, and so are other founding emperors from humble origins.

There is a simple reason. In any authoritarian society, it is absolutely impossible for a person of humble origin to enter the power center through normal channels. Under the hereditary system at home and abroad, it is even more impossible to be an emperor legally. There are only two abnormal ways: one is force and the other is conspiracy. Force is indispensable, but it is not enough. Need to combine conspiracy. The problem is that people from humble origins can't have great power at first. For example, when Liu Bang went to war, there were only two or three thousand people, which also benefited from his being a curator, gathering hundreds of people in the grass, and the help of current county officials such as Xiao He and Cao Can. With these two or three thousand people, they can hardly compete with any other anti-Qin armed forces, let alone eventually incorporate or destroy them one by one.

Of course, we can also use the method of "benevolence and righteousness" to win the hearts of the people at least. However, it is conditional to talk about benevolence and righteousness, that is, everyone talks about benevolence and righteousness, and only Mr. Dong Guo can talk about benevolence and righteousness unilaterally, and the ending is often worse than Mr. Dong Guo. Fu Su, the eldest son of Qin Shihuang, was more kind, but his opponents Hu Hai (Qin Ershi) and Zhao Gao were not. Faced with the forged imperial edict of Qin Shihuang, Fu Su had to commit suicide. In the struggle with Liu Bang, Xiang Yu had the opportunity to destroy Liu Bang more than once. At the beginning of Xiang Yu's entry into the customs, he had already deployed an attack on Liu Bang. Compared with the strength at that time, Liu Bang had no retreat. Moreover, Liu Bangshou's ban on governors gave Xiang Yu a very suitable excuse to win the support of other governors. But Xiang Yu gave up the attack after listening to Liu Bang's defense. At the hongmen banquet, he delayed the action agreed with Fan Zeng, and after Liu Bang sneaked back to camp, the matter went away. It is because of his indecision, but it is mainly because Fan Zeng criticized "unbearable", that is, he did not completely ignore "benevolence and righteousness", and Liu Bang did not have so much "benevolence and righteousness" when dealing with him. What's more, even if "benevolence and righteousness" are implemented, it is to win the hearts of the people. There must be conditions for implementation, and the implementer must have certain power and status. For example, Liu Bang announced that he would enter Xianyang and become the actual ruler of Guanzhong, otherwise he would be regarded as a blank check or an idiot. Comparatively speaking, "benevolence" is only beneficial to those who already have power and are in power. People from humble origins can never win the world by doing righteousness.

The only theoretical basis that can be found is "destiny". With destiny, you are not afraid of humble origins, nor are you afraid of being accused of injustice, because any behavior of people with destiny is to uphold justice for heaven and represent providence. However, fate is not a concrete thing, not a real deer. Throughout the ages, I don't know how many people claim to have a destiny, but few successful people are finally recognized. So the fate of those people is actually not a prophecy, but an acknowledgement of a fait accompli, which is based on ratification and forgery afterwards. On the contrary, even if the loser has some signs of fate, it will disappear with the arrival of failure, because failure itself has proved to be "God's disgust" and the loss of fate.

Take Liu Bang as an example. Historians of the Han Dynasty recorded many signs and deeds of his fate, which actually could not stand further study. According to the historical records of Emperor Gaozu, his mother Liu Wei slept by the lake and had sex with the fairy in her dream. It was dark, lightning and thunder. When Liu Taigong went to find her, he saw a dragon hovering above, and Liu Wei became pregnant and gave birth to Liu Bang. Such a story was originally a remnant of the matriarchal society "Anemarrhena denied his father", and later became a formula for the birth of the only thrill. But it is very simple to fabricate such a thing, because no one can prove it except Mr. and Mrs. Liu Taigong. It is said that Liu Bang's appearance is "handsome, beautiful, with a beard and 72 spots on the left", that is, he has a high nose, high bones, a long neck and a beard, and his appearance may be a little abnormal, but there is no photography technology. After all, the number of people who have really seen Liu Bang is limited, and he is described by historians at will after his death. As for the 72 moles on his left thigh, it is even more mysterious, because it was not fashionable to wear briefs or be naked in public at that time. Who can see these moles except his parents, wives and concubines? Count them.

The other three stories, one is the old man's fortune telling. When Liu Bang was the director of the pavilion, he asked for leave to go home and farm. One day, his wife, Lv Zhi, took two children to do farm work in the field. An old man passed by and asked her for some food. Lv Zhi gave it to him. He looked at Lv Zhi's photo and said, "Madam is a noble person in the world." Lv Zhi asked him to look after the two children. When he saw his son, he said, "The reason why my wife can become a noble person lies in this child." When she saw her daughter, she also said that she was a noble person. After the old man left, Liu Bang happened to come from his neighbor's house. Lv Zhi told him in detail. Liu bang heard that the old man didn't go far, so he quickly caught up and let the old man appear. The old man said, "My wife and children were just like you, and your relationship is extremely expensive." Liu Bang thanked him again and again: "If it is really like what you said, I won't forget your kindness." Liu bang made a fortune, but never found the old man again.

The second is to cut the white snake. After Liu bang released the torturers, he drank enough wine and walked on a lonely path, letting an attendant explore the road in front. The man came to report: "There is a big snake ahead, go back quickly!" " Liu Bang, who was drunk, said, "What are strong men afraid of when they walk?" So he stepped forward, drew his sword and cut at the snake. The snake was split in two and the road was clear. After a few more miles, Liu Bang was so drunk that he fell asleep on the spot. Someone passed by and saw an old lady crying in the dark. She asked her why. The old lady said, "Someone killed my son, so she cried." Ask her, "Why was your son killed?" The old lady said, "My son is Bai Di. He turned into a snake and crossed the road. Now he was beheaded by Chi Di, so he cried. " The man thought the old lady was talking nonsense and wanted to show her something, but the old lady suddenly disappeared. The man met Liu Bang and told him about it. Liu Bang was secretly happy, pretending to be Chi Di's son, and his followers became more and more afraid to obey him.

Another story is that Qin Shihuang once said, "There are sons of heaven in the southeast." So I went to the East myself, trying to suppress the emperor's anger with my own identity. When Liu Bang heard about it, he suspected that "Tianziqi" meant himself, so he hid in Shan Ye, the border between Mang and Dang counties. But his wife Lv Zhi often found him. Liu Bang was very surprised and asked Lv Zhi what was going on. Lu said: "There is always a cloud above your place, so as long as you go to the place with clouds, you can be found." Liu bang was overjoyed. Some Peixian children heard that they all wanted to fuck Liu Bang.

Ding, these stories are obviously made up afterwards. Only the Liu bang family knows things like fortune telling, and they can say anything anyway. Cutting the white snake after being drunk is not a big deal, and it can't be said that it will be all right, but only one person can prove that it was Chi Di's son who cut the white emperor. It happened that this man, like the old man, didn't even leave his name, and he never appeared again after Liu Bang became emperor. The only witness of the third incident is Liu Bang's wife Lv Zhi. Clouds are common in the wilderness, and God knows if Lv Zhi happened to find a husband. However, Qin Shihuang did not travel eastward for the sake of "the soul of the emperor". Liu Bang went into hiding because he let the torturers escape, abandoned his post and fled. He is a fugitive worthy of the death penalty. Even if Qin Shihuang didn't travel east, he didn't dare to show up. In a word, these stories can't be justified, but after Liu Bang became emperor, his subjects couldn't help believing them. Even if you don't believe it in your heart, who dares to make irresponsible remarks at the risk of committing the crime of disrespect?

However, pointing out Liu Bang's hooliganism is not to deny his historical contribution. What role a person played in history should be affirmed or denied, mainly not by his personal character, but by whether he promoted the progress of history; It is not what means he uses to achieve his goal, but whether this goal conforms to the historical process; It doesn't depend on his motivation, but on the objective effect of what he does.

Qin lost its deer, and the world chased it. Only one person can finally get the deer. However, before the outcome was decided, the unified regime ceased to exist, the war continued, and countless lives and property losses occurred. So it is important to end the struggle as soon as possible, and who is the winner is second. In order to really end the war, the dominant party must put the other side to death at all costs.