Arrangement of geographical environment content in Anshan city

Anshan, also known as Steel Capital and Jade Capital, is a prefecture-level city in Liaoning Province, an important iron and steel industrial base in China approved by the State Council, and an important central city in south-central Liaoning. I want to share some information about Anshan's geographical environment with you, hoping to help you.

First, the geographical environment of Anshan

Location context

Anshan is located in the northeast of China and the middle of Liaodong Peninsula. It is adjacent to Liaoyang County in the east and north, fengcheng city and zhuanghe city in the southeast, dashiqiao city City in the south and Panshan County and Liaozhong County in the west. The city center is 89 kilometers away from Shenyang, where the People's Government of Liaoning Province is located, 96 kilometers away from Benxi, the city of coal and iron in the east, 308 kilometers away from Dalian in the south, and 0/20 kilometers away from Yingkou Bayuquan Xingang in the southwest. Geographical coordinates are located at 40 north latitude? 27′? 4 1? 34' east longitude 122? 10′? 123? 4 1' north-south longest 175km, east-west widest 133km. The total area is 9255 square kilometers, accounting for 8.4% of the total area of Liaoning Province. The urban area is 625.6 square kilometers.

topography

The topographical features of Anshan City are high in the southeast and low in the northwest, and inclined from southeast to northwest. The southeast is a mountainous area extending from the Qian Shan Mountains, generally 400-600 meters above sea level; The highest is Maokui Mountain in Xiuyan, with an altitude of 1 14 1m, followed by a tree ridge in Haicheng. The main peak is 93 1 m above sea level and covers an area of about 527 1.44 square kilometers, accounting for 56.97% of the total area of Anshan.

The central part is the transition zone from Qian Shan Mountain Range to the alluvial plain in the west, which belongs to hilly area, with an average elevation of 100-200m and an area of about 1232.56km2, accounting for 13.32% of the total area of Anshan. To the west of the Chang (Chun)-Da (Lian) Railway are the alluvial plains of Liaohe River, Hunhe River and Taizi River, with an altitude of 5-20m. The lowest altitude in Anshan City is Tang Yang Village, taian county Jiucaitai Township, with an altitude of only 2 meters. The plain area is about 2748.4256 square kilometers, accounting for 29.7 1% of the total area of Anshan city.

climate

Anshan City is located in the southeast edge of Songliao Plain in mid-latitude, belonging to temperate monsoon climate zone. The main climatic characteristics are: four distinct seasons, rain and heat in the same period, dry and cold in the same season, abundant precipitation, suitable temperature and sufficient sunshine, and disastrous weather such as gale, hail, drought, flood and frost occurs in different degrees in different years and seasons.

In spring (March-May), there are many strong winds, less precipitation, long sunshine, quick recovery, large evaporation and low humidity. In summer (June-August), there is a lot of precipitation and concentration, and heavy rain mostly occurs in this season, with high temperature but less heat; In autumn (September-165438+1October), the weather is crisp, the rainfall drops sharply and the temperature drops sharply; In winter (65438+February-February of the following year), there is less snow and more north wind, which is dry and cold. Although the area under the jurisdiction of Anshan belongs to the same climate zone, there are differences due to different geographical environments (topography, landforms, distance from the sea).

The annual precipitation is 640-880mm, which gradually decreases from southeast to northwest. The average annual temperature in the plain area is 8.0-9.0℃, and the average annual temperature in the eastern and southeastern mountainous areas is 6.3-7.0℃. The sunshine hours are 2350-2700 hours on average in several years, and the northwest is more than the southeast.

hydrology

There are 66 rivers in Anshan. Among them, there are 6 large rivers, namely Liaohe River, Hunhe River, Taizi River, Raoyang River, Daliao River and Dayang River. 2 medium-sized rivers, namely Haicheng River and Shaozi River; There are 27 small rivers. According to the situation of water resources in the basin, it is divided into eight four-level areas: Hunhe River, Taizi River, Daliao River, the interval below Liuhekou of Liaohe River, Raoyang River, Daqinghe River, Dayang River and Dayang River-Biliu River. The total length of rivers in China is 142 1.6 km, of which the length of large rivers is 248.7 km, and the length of small and medium-sized rivers is 1 172.9 km.

Liaohe River is one of the seven major rivers in China, and it is also the largest river flowing through Anshan City. The river enters from Da Lian, Xifo Town, taian county, exits from Shaozi Town, Xinhua Farm, and enters Bohai Sea via Panshan County. In Taian, the river is 70 kilometers long, with an average width of 200 meters and a drainage area of 898 square kilometers. In taian county, there is also the boundary river between taian county and Heishan County, and the Liaohe River and Xiaoliuhe River outside the boundary river between taian county and Dawa County are all tributaries of Liaohe River.

Hunhe River originates from Gunmaling, a branch of Changbai Mountain in Qingyuan County, Liaoning Province, and flows through Fushun, Liaozhong, Liaoyang and other cities and counties. It enters Chaoyangbao Village, Huangshatuo Town, taian county, flows southwest to Sancha River, Xisi Town, Haicheng City, where it joins the Taizi River, and Shangkou enters the Bohai Sea. This river is the boundary between Haicheng and taian county. Anshan River is 67.6 kilometers long, including 3 1.6 kilometers in Haicheng section and 36 kilometers in Taian section, with an average river width of 140 meters and a drainage area of 3 107 square kilometers.

Taizi River flows into Gaotuozi Town, a city in the sea through Tangmazhai, Liaoyang County, and flows from northeast to southwest to Xisi Town to join Hunhe River. This river is a big river in the western plain of Haicheng, with a length of 34.7 kilometers, an average width of 123- 150 meters and a drainage area of 3009.8 square kilometers. Haicheng River, Wudao River and Santong River, which originated in Haicheng, and Shahe River (renamed Wanshui River after reconstruction), Nanshahe River, Yangliuhe River and Liangyun River, which originated in Anshan, all flow into Taizi River.

Dayang River is one of the two inland rivers in Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County. Originated in the south of a tree in Pianling Township, Xiuyan County, it flows from northwest to southeast and is called Pianling River. In the process of going south, hadad river, Tang Chi River, Duck River, Niuhe River, Goulian River, etc. The territory flows into Shaozihe River in the east of Shaozihe Street in Shaozihe Township, leaving the country through Dongshantou, Wang Jiagou and Maling Village, and entering the Yellow Sea in donggang city. Domestic flow length 180.2km, drainage area1968.4km2. ..

Shaozi River is another major river in Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County. The positive source is at the fork of North Heibei District, huashan village, Sanjiazi Township, and the lateral source is Hujialing, northwest of huashan village. These two sources meet at Mount Wang Jiadong, which is called Shaozi River. The length of the river reaches 17 1.85km, and the drainage area is 2 155.03km2 ... Its tributaries include Muniu River, Shimiaozi River, Qinghe River and Gudong River.

Two. natural resource

water resource

Anshan city is rich in water resources, but limited by time and space, the distribution is uneven. Dry in spring and rainy in summer; Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County and the western plain along the Yangtze River have great potential for water resources development, but Haicheng City, especially the area east of Anshan Changda Railway, is seriously short of water. The total water resources in Anshan City is 4.248 billion cubic meters. Among them, surface water is 270,654.38 billion cubic meters, accounting for 63.6% of the total water resources; Groundwater is 65.438+54.7 million cubic meters, accounting for 36.4% of the total water resources. Available water resources are 654.38+52.4 million cubic meters, accounting for 36% of the total water resources. Among them, surface water is 2 1 1 100 million cubic meters, accounting for 8% of the total surface water resources; Groundwater131300 million cubic meters, accounting for 85% of the total groundwater resources.

Anshan hot spring is one of the areas with more geothermal resources in Liaoning Province. There are more than 40 geothermal reactions, including more than 30 in Anshan and Haicheng, 8 in taian county/KLOC-0 and Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County. Tanggangzi Hot Springs and Qianshan Hot Springs in Anshan City have become convalescent centers in China. Using hot spring water to produce winter vegetables in the west wasteland of Dongsi Town, Haicheng City. Xiuyan has artesian hot springs, which contain a variety of trace elements and are of great medical value.

Cold spring, although not officially exploited, has been found in Qianshan, Dagushan, Tanggangzi, Shahe and other townships (towns), and has been officially developed and utilized to produce mineral spring beer and mineral spring soda.

land resources

The total land area of Anshan City is 925,235.05 hectares. Cultivated land is 244,729.66 hectares, concentrated along the Yangtze River in the west and the central plain. Rich in rice, corn, soybeans, sorghum, peanuts, hemp and tobacco, it is a commodity grain production base in Liaoning Province. The park covers an area of 40,455.78 hectares, accounting for 4.4% of the total land area. In addition, there are 4 14565.89 hectares of woodland, accounting for 50.3% of the total land area; Grassland is 4274.05 hectares, accounting for 0.5% of the total land area; Residential and industrial land is 85,249.20 hectares, accounting for 9.2% of the total land area; 13259.32 hectares is traffic land, accounting for1.4% of the total land area; The water area is 68,796.58 hectares, accounting for 7.4% of the total land area; Unused land (wasteland, exposed rocks, ridges, etc.) ) is 53,904.57 hectares, accounting for 5.8% of the total land area.

Biological resources

Forest, Anshan is rich in forest resources, mainly distributed in Xiuyan territory (forest land accounts for 65% of the total area of Xiuyan county) and the eastern mountainous area of Haicheng and the suburban piedmont area. There are 4 15658.78 hectares of forest land, accounting for 44.9% of Anshan's land area. Most trees are natural secondary mixed forests and artificial forests; Most of the central and plain areas along the river are artificially planted farmland roads, water system forest networks, windbreak and sand fixation, and artificial forests planted around villages. There are many kinds of trees in Anshan, only 170 species. There are timber forests such as Korean pine, larch, Chinese pine, spruce, cypress, poplar, willow, elm, birch, Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus mandshurica, oak and so on, and there is also 1.83 million hectares of dwarf tree-tussah farm, which raises tussah, whose cocoon is Xiuyan. In addition, there are ornamental, ornamental and medicinal edible wild fruits and other trees. The annual output of hazelnut and pepper in Xiuyan mountain shrub is considerable; There are hundreds of herbs under the bushes, among which bracken and celery are processed and exported.

There are 4,274.05 hectares of grassland in Anshan City. The quality of forage grass in Xiuyan and Haicheng is good, and most of Tai 'an in the west is sandy saline-alkali land, with thin soil, degraded grassland and low yield and quality. Xiuyan, Haicheng and Tai 'an all vigorously develop aquaculture, and are listed as yellow cattle production bases by the state and the province respectively. The cashmere goats raised in Xiuyan have been designated as the cashmere goat breeding base in the whole province.

The territory is rich in water resources. In addition to catching more than 20 kinds of river fish, such as catfish, black catfish, horse mouth, octopus, wheat ear, stick flower and loach, there are more than 5,000 hectares of water surface that can be cultivated in reservoirs and scattered pits, ponds, bubbles and marshes. Freshwater fish include carp, crucian carp, grass, herring, silver carp, bighead carp, Monopterus albus, African crucian carp, Wuchang fish, crab, shrimp, turtle, mussel and otter. Common aquatic plants are reed, cattail, lotus root, water chestnut and various algae.

Animals, with the increase of population, the mining of mines, the prosperity of tourism and indiscriminate hunting, wild animals such as wolves, wild boar and bears have disappeared in Qianshan, and Xiuyan, Haicheng Mountain Area and taian county Nature Reserve-Xiping Forest Farm are occasionally seen. Most living animals are small and individual. Common mammals are roe deer, fox, badger, bobcat, raccoon dog, weasel, mountain rabbit and hedgehog. Common birds include woodpecker, cuckoo, swamp tit, kingfisher, oriole, lark, etc. 180. Among them, black stork, white stork, white crane and swan are national and provincial protected animals.

Plant medicine, there are many kinds of plant medicine in Anshan. Mainly distributed in the eastern mountainous areas of Haicheng and Xiuyan, there are more than 700 species of * * *. Among them, Schisandra chinensis and Asarum are authentic medicinal materials, which are quite famous in China. More than 60 kinds of Polygonatum odoratum, Cortex Dictamni Radicis, Potentilla discolor, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Albizziae, Pulsatilla chinensis, Rhizoma Atractylodis, Radix Clematidis, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, Rhizoma Menispermi, Rhizoma Dioscoreae Nipponicae, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae, and Herba Plantaginis. Menispermum dauricum and Potentilla discolor are the main raw materials for treating pharyngitis "Menispermum dauricum Tablet" and enteritis "Park Rong Su Min" in Anshan traditional Chinese medicine industry respectively. Because some kinds of wild plants are perennial plants, with long growth cycle, wide uses and many excavations, Schisandra chinensis, asarum, platycodon grandiflorum, Polygonatum odoratum, Arnebia euchroma, Gentiana scabra, purple Hu, yellow Hu and phellodendron amurense have been decreasing day by day. Platycodon grandiflorum, Radix Rehmanniae and Radix Saposhnikoviae are all cultivated artificially.

mineral resources

There are 35 kinds of proven mineral resources in Anshan. The most abundant reserves are iron, magnesite, talc, jade, marble, limestone, granite and boron.

The proven reserves of iron ore are 654.38+0 billion tons, ranking first in China. Mainly distributed around Anshan city and Gongchangling in Liaoyang city. Except a few small and medium-sized iron mines distributed in Haicheng and Xiuyan, the large iron mines such as Dong 'anshan, Dagushan, Qidashan, Qian Qian Mountain and Gongchangling are all mined by the state.

Magnesite is mainly distributed in the eastern mountainous areas of Haicheng and Xiuyan. The proven reserves are 2.3 billion tons, ranking first in China, accounting for 1/4 of the world's reserves, with excellent texture and grade. Large-scale mines include Liaoning Coal Company, Huaziyu Magnesium Mine, Yaolingzi Magnesium Mine and township enterprises such as Yingluo, Pailou and Bali.

Xiuyan is mainly mined in Pianling and Sanjiazi. Talc minerals are mainly distributed in Haicheng and Xiuyan. The proven reserves are 60 million tons. Haicheng talc mine, located in Fanjiabaozi, Ma Feng Town, Haicheng City, is mined by the state, and the rest are mined by township enterprises. The talc in Haicheng and Xiuyan enjoys a high reputation in the international market because of its white purity and low impurities such as iron and calcium.

Jade minerals are mostly distributed in Xiuyan. Xiuyan is known as the "hometown of jade". A small amount is distributed in Gushan Town, Haicheng. Xiuyan enjoys a good reputation for its natural resources at home and abroad. There are 42 kinds of mineral deposits with proven reserves, including magnesite, jade, marble, talc, granite and silica, which are rich in reserves and of high quality, and enjoy the reputation of "six gems" in Xiuyan.

Xiuyan jade ranks first in the world in terms of reserves and enjoys the reputation as the national stone of China. In addition to jade carving factories and shops in the county, Xiuyan jade stone is also supplied and processed by more than 70 jade carving factories in 22 provinces across the country. Xiuyan jade is exquisite and pure in texture and colorful, including green, yellow, black, red and white. Xiuyan jade carving products are one of the main products exported by Dalian Port.

Marble, mainly produced in Xiuyan and Haicheng, has huge reserves. Marbles in the two places are colorful, including red, yellow, black, white and green, which are the treasures of advanced building materials. Limestone is mainly distributed in Xiuyan and the eastern mountainous area of Haicheng, and also distributed in Tangjiafang and Dagushan Township of qianshan district, with considerable reserves. The limestone in the above areas has good texture and stable grade, and its calcium content reaches 53%.

Granite, mainly produced in Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County, has a reserve of over 20 billion tons. Among them, black granite, after being cut into plates, is simple, elegant and unique, and is known as the "king of stones". Other mineral and metal deposits include lead-zinc mine, copper mine, nickel-cobalt mine, gold mine and pyrite mine; Non-metallic minerals include silica minerals, phosphate rocks, asbestos, fluorite, vermiculite, muscovite, barite, boron minerals, clay minerals, graphite, coal and petroleum.

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