Guqiaolao Lane, Lucheng, Wenzhou

Dongxiqiao: Covered bridge structure, located in Dongzhen Town, Sixi Town, Taishun. Because it is located in the upper reaches of Dongxi River, the locals also call it "Shangqiao". Dongxi Bridge was built in Qin Long in the fourth year of Ming Dynasty (1570), with a length of 42 meters, a veranda height of 10 meter and a clear span of 3 1 meter. The bridge consists of two layers of ordinary bones, and nine arches are placed side by side with eight arches on the other layer to form a stable beam frame. A triangular wooden frame is placed in the arch to strengthen the lateral force. In order to protect the arch bones and beams from wind and rain erosion, wind shields are installed on both sides. The arches at both ends are respectively supported on the abutment, which is built on the cliffs at both sides with granite blocks, and the passages at both ends are stamped with stones. There are 15 long covered bridge houses on the beam frame, three of which are pavilions with wings flying at both ends. Crouching tiger, hidden dragon, fighting around the clouds, leaping forward and leaping forward, there is a lot of smoke. It is one of the best covered bridges in Taishun.

This bridge spans the East-West River, so it is called Dongxi Bridge. There are three pavilions in the middle, and the wings at both ends are flying, like crouching tiger, hidden dragon, quite smoking. The stream under the bridge is crystal clear. On one side of the bridge is a distant mountain, and there are two higher peaks nearby, one is called Lion Peak and the other is called General Peak. According to the local people, the bridge and its surrounding environment are a treasure trove of geomantic omen. Against the background of the distant mountains, Dong Xi Bridge is more beautiful and light.

Beijian bridge

Beijian Bridge is located at the ancient ferry at the intersection of three streams in Shangqiao Village. It was founded in the 13th year of Kangxi (167 1 year) and rebuilt in the 8th year of Jiaqing (1803). The bridge is 51.7m long, nearly 6m wide and1.22m high. Located in the northwest of Sixi Shangqiao, with a distance of 1 km, it crosses Beixi, so it is called "Beijian Bridge". The village is named after the bridge, and its structure and shape are similar to those of Shangqiao. The bridge deck is curved and arched. There are dozens of bridge houses built on it, three of which protrude into two overlapping eaves in the middle, with four wings towering and spreading like Dapeng. There are several wings on both sides of the bridge. The whole bridge is made of blue bricks and tiles, carved beams and painted buildings, and painted with cinnabar. There is a Millennium camphor tree on the stone steps by the bridge. Under the dusk, the trees cover the sky, and the fragrance is far away, which sets off the extraordinary solemnity and elegance of the North Bridge.

The surrounding environment of Beijian Bridge is beautiful, and two streams meet on the bridge. The stream is crystal clear, and there is a small stone bridge built by Liang Shi, followed by steps. Whenever the river rises, this small stone bridge will be submerged under water. Along the river bank, a path leads people to bridges and villages. Two big camphor trees stand by the bridge. The thicker one is more than two meters in diameter. These two trees have a history of thousands of years. The roots of the big tree firmly grasped the earth and stone around the bridge foundation, ensuring that it has withstood the erosion of wind and rain for hundreds of years without serious problems. Walking along the path to the north to build a bridge, from a distance, the dense crowns of two big trees are like an old man's beard gently stroking the ancient bridge and the surrounding quaint houses, looming. A small stone street at the bridgehead is the center of the whole village. There is a covered bridge on one side and a residential building on the other. The eaves of covered bridges and houses crisscross on small streets, naturally forming a stormy street. There are some stone benches and wooden chairs under the bridge and eaves, and people can find a place to rest at will. The villagers have nothing to do but rest by the bridge, talk about everything and buy and sell.

At the beginning of the construction, Beijian Bridge considered the integration with neighboring buildings. This can be seen from the connection between the bridge and the building: tenons are reserved on the bridge columns to connect with the building. The shape of the bridge is as simple as folk custom, and it is splayed along the structure. There are four rows of square columns on the bridge deck, covered with blue tile roofs. The mountain flowers at both ends are in the shape of a mountain. The central lifting house of the bridge is also the rest peak. The oblique ridge rises very high, so it looks very light. The structural part is sealed with oil red lacquer wood to avoid wind and rain erosion. The structure of the whole bridge is reasonable, the proportion is well-proportioned, and the gray tiles are red tiles, which set off the green mountains and clear waters and become a landscape painting.

Xuezhai bridge

Xuezhai Bridge, located in Xuezhai Village, Sankui Town, runs through the covered bridge. It was built in the seventh year of Ming Zhengde (15 12), and was destroyed by floods after being rebuilt many times. The existing bridge was built in the sixth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1856), which spans Jinxi, and was called "Jinxi Bridge" in ancient times. The total length is 5 1 m, the width is 5. 1 m, the single span is 29 m, the height above the water surface is 10.5 m, and the single eaves. The slope of the arch vector of the bridge is relatively large, with fifteen bridge buildings and a slope of more than 30 meters at the bridge head. The history of Chinese bridges includes.

Qifeng bridge

Qifeng Bridge, located in the ocean outside Wengshan Mountain, is a stone arch bridge with wooden corridors, which was built in the Republic of China 13. It is a wooden covered bridge with stone arch bridge, with a length of 22.58m, a width of 4.35m, a height of 4.4m and a span of14.2m.. Qifeng Bridge is surrounded by water on three sides and has a beautiful surrounding environment, which is suitable for camping. About 100 meters downstream of Shunqifeng Bridge is the famous triple scenic spot Jinzhongtan Waterfall.

Xiaguang bridge

Xiaguang Bridge, located in Huayang Village, Hengkeng Township, is a stone arch bridge with wooden corridors. It was built in the first year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1723), rebuilt in the second year of Xianfeng and rebuilt in the thirteenth year of Tongzhi. The length of the bridge building is 17.26 meters, the span is 13.20 meters, and the bridge deck width is 4.42 meters. The bridge house is 425 high, with 730 arches, seven rooms and two double eaves.

Duntou bridge

Duntou Bridge, located on Duntou River in Liu Feng Town, is a Mupingliang covered bridge with unknown construction date, and its ridge purlin is recorded as reconstruction in the 12th year of Qing Daoguang. It is16.36m long, 4.49m wide and 8.70m long, which is1.60m higher than the water surface. It runs east-west, surrounded by an old residential building. There is a fire-proof gable at the east bridge head, the main body is masonry structure, and the brick building method is one in and one out. The top of the bridge is seven bays wide, with 32 columns, and the beam is lifted by the beam frame. Bricks are pressed on the roof to form an upturned tile roof. There are two layers of windshields, and there are observation windows on the upper windshield bridge. The bridge body adopts nine large wooden cross frames, and the diameter of flat beams varies from 35 cm. There is a bridge monument, the age part has been damaged. (photo by Zhong Xiaobo)

"Winter and spring are easy to thank, and cold and summer are easy to flow." As time goes by, the pace of history never stops. Life is hard, and crossing the road is hard, but it still can't stop people from running. How many figures have been left in a hurry on the mountain country road since ancient times? The ancient road is long and carries profound tourism culture. The Duntou Bridge and Pubin Bridge on Tongshan Avenue, a famous ancient road in Taishun, are undoubtedly important carriers of ancient road culture.

Duntou Bridge is located in a village with many surnames in Liu Feng Township. There are still a large number of commercial buildings around the covered bridge, telling the popularity and commercial prosperity of the year. Today, although the temperature of Duntou Bridge and Old Street has dropped. However, the commercial atmosphere of that year still exists, and the Jia culture of sitting merchants has penetrated into every brick and tile here.

Yang Ya Pubin Bridge, which is on Tongshan Avenue with Duntou Bridge, was built with donations from people in Taishun, Shouning, Tongshan, Pingyang and Zherong. After the completion of the bridge, some donations have not been used up. So a tea pavilion was built on the bridge, and people cooked tea for passers-by to drink for free. In Langwu's old shop, we met Fu Dacheng, an old man who had been a porter for most of his life. He is eighty-four years old this year. At the age of 16, he began to carry burdens for merchants from Tongshan and Taishun. People must have a very good physique, and it takes a day and a night to get from Tongshan to Luo Yang. You can only rest for a few minutes in the road pavilion and drink some mountain spring water. When we arrived at Pubinqiao, we bought some rice cakes in Qiaowu and went to the tea kiosk to drink two bowls of tea. The goods on their shoulders must arrive in Luo Yang on time, so as not to miss the Luo Yang store owner's morning market with these fresh goods. People who carry burdens are doing long-distance manual labor, and the hardships of life can be imagined.

Passing through Duntou Bridge and Pubin Bridge, not only businessmen and bearers, but also scholars, artists, government officials, charlatans, doctors and beggars walked on this ancient road. They form different pictures in the long scroll of tourism culture and history.

From the Eastern Jin and Southern Song Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, Wenzhou people kept building bridges until one day, they thought of building roads. There is nothing wrong with this, but they gave up the original ideal of building a city and filled up the river, so the bridge became a redundant roadblock and was crushed underground by cement asphalt. Only the names of those bridges remained and became the names of the new roads. There are many such names, such as Cang Qiao, Shuanglian Bridge, Gu Si Bridge, Shaped Bridge, Qiaopu, Maima Bridge, Doufu Bridge, Cheating Drum Bridge, Low Stool Bridge and Wan Li Bridge. In the old days, some people strung Jiangjun Bridge, Horse Washing Bridge, Shuixin Bridge, Approximate Bridge, Carp Bridge, Daoqian Bridge, Yufeng Bridge, Dalong Bridge, Doufu Bridge and Nanchan Bridge into a jingle: "The general washed horses in Shui Xin, which is similar to carp yue longmen, and Yufeng hit Gongqiao in front of the road, and Doufu asked Nanchan before him." It's interesting. Bridges in Wenzhou can also be connected by numbers: First Bridge, Second Bridge, Third Banqiao, Fourth Ancient Bridge, Fifth Fifth Horse Street, Sixth Peak Bridge, Seventh seven buddha Bridge, Eighth Eight-character Bridge and Ninth Mountain Bridge. Bridges in Wenzhou are also named after official positions, such as Champion Bridge, Shi Yu Bridge, Bangyan Bridge and Jiangjun Bridge. Some of them are named after people, such as Zhongshan Bridge, High Arch Bridge, Saburo Bridge and Tofu Bridge. Some are named after commerce or handicrafts, such as selling duck bridge, selling hemp bridge and Tibetan drum bridge; In the name of eating, such as Sesame Bridge and Sugar Cake Bridge; There are also lucky ones, such as Guangli Bridge, Wan Li Bridge and Wangzeng Bridge. Other bridges include Wan Li Bridge, Gao Qiao Bridge, Low Bench Bridge, Hot Stove Bridge, Cold Curling Bridge, and other bridges, such as Qingming Bridge, Feixia Bridge, Sunshine Bridge and Snowflake Bridge. These bridge names can deduce the story of a small town and reflect the folk customs of the town. No matter these allusions or customs, they are also full of poetry. From the names of these bridges, we can see the materialistic characteristics of Wenzhou people who value righteousness and benefit.

The following are specific ancient bridges in Wenzhou:

Wanqiao is located in Wanqiao Village, Tiancheng Township, Yueqing. Yuan You started construction in the second year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1087), which took eight years to complete. Then it was rebuilt in the eighth year of Xuande in Ming Dynasty (1433). It was named in memory of its founder Wan Gui. It is a five-span, five-sinus stone arch bridge with a total length of 57.82 meters, spanning Chishui Port. The color of the bridge stone is red, and the bridge deck is paved with piles. There are 265,438+0 sentries on both sides of the tree, with lotus flowers embossed on the stigma, a pair of sentries on each side in the middle, and a squatting stone lion carved on the stigma; There are 20 railings on both sides of the bridge, with a length of 2.42 meters and a height of 0.43 meters. The inner side of the middle railing is embossed with double dragons and pearls. There are a pair of drum-hugging stones at each end of the bridge. The two outer sides of the middle-hole bridge slab are embedded with "Wanqiao" stone forehead.

Dongandong Bridge is on Hufeng Street in Rui 'an. Founded in the Song Dynasty, it was rebuilt in the early Ming Dynasty and renovated for five years (1740), and now it is well preserved. It is a single-hole granite stone arch bridge, with arch span 19.2 1 m, clear span of 4.53 m and width of 2 1.58 m, and it is built side by side in longitudinal sections. There are Hu Feng Pavilion and Zhuang Ji Temple on the bridge deck. The pavilion is three questions wide and one question deep; There are two halls, the main hall is five rooms wide, and the stage was built before Wen Ming, all of which were wooden buildings in the late Qing Dynasty.

The bridge is located in Daqiao Village, Yanglin Township, Xianjiang, Ruian. It was built in the fourth year of Chongning in the Northern Song Dynasty (1 105), and the investor was Wu Jiusan Niang. It is a double-beam stone bridge, with a span of 1 1.6m, a deck width of 1.6m, a middle hole of 4.2m, and two east and west holes of 3.7m each. Four bridge slabs are paved for each hole, and there are seven stone steps on the bridge slabs. The date of construction and the inscription of investors are engraved on both sides of the north and south bridge plates in the middle hole. Each joint of the pier has four cubic pillars.

Ancestral Temple Bridge is located in Shen 'ao Village, Xin 'ao Township, Tangxia, Rui 'an, and was built during the Daguan period of the Northern Song Dynasty (1107 ~10). It is a three-hole beam-type stone bridge with a span of 1 1.25m, a middle hole of 4.85m, two left and right holes of 3.2m, and a bridge deck of1.35m. Each hole is paved with three bridge slabs. The inscription of the year of construction and the person who built the bridge is engraved on the outside of the slate of the East-West Bridge in Zhongdong. Each pier has three cubic columns with side feet; The inscription "Masonry Sun An" is engraved on the face.

Bagua Bridge, located in Feng Tao Village, Feng Tao Town, Taoshan, Ruian, was built in the Xichun period of the Southern Song Dynasty (1174 ~1189). It is a five-hole beam stone bridge with a total span of 25.4 meters and a deck width of 2.35 meters. Span of each hole: the middle hole is 6.24m, and the north and south holes are 5.20m and 3.13m respectively. There are five bridge plates on each hole, and the front is polished and engraved with patterns. There are five cubic columns in each joint of the pier, and the left and right columns have a large inclination. There are five columns on both sides of the left and right piers of the middle hole, and Liang Shi 1 is put on the shelves to prevent water from entering the pier directly, which is quite distinctive.

Liang Shi Bridge is located in Si Qian Village, Tengqiao Town, Ouhai. It was built in the eighth year of Southern Song Dynasty (1 172) and in the sixth year of Xichun (1 179). It is a three-hole beam stone bridge with a span of 33.3 meters and a deck width of 3.9 meters. The pier is made of stone, and both ends protrude 3 meters to form a triangle. Five Liang Shi are laid side by side on each bridge deck, each 9 meters long, 0.5 meters thick and weighing about 6 tons. They were erected in the tide and have not been repaired for hundreds of years. On both sides of the bridge, the dates of construction and completion, as well as the names of investors, are inscribed in calligraphy.

Yongqing Bridge is located at the foot of snake pit in Yantou Town, Yongjia. It was built in the third year of Qingyuan in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 197). It is a three-girder stone bridge with a total length of 12.65m, a width of 3.6m and a height of 4m. The two ends of the pier are made of stone, with two rows of stone bridge columns in the middle, each row of tree roots, and a stone on top to support the bridge deck. The bridge deck is divided into three sections, and each section is paved with eight long slate wells; The date of bridge construction and the name of the donor are transversely engraved on both sides of the middle bridge plate. It is still intact and strong.

Sanjiaoqiao is located in Xuezhai Village, Sankui Town, Taishun, and is named after the earliest three giant trees crossing the river in Taiyuan. It was built on September 13th in the 7th year of Shaoxing (1 137) and rebuilt in the 23rd year of Daoguang (1843), and now it is a wooden stoplog arcade bridge. The total length is 26.63m, and the width above the water surface is10m. There is a 1 1 bridge room above, and five beams are lifted in the bay. The stigma is arched and has a disc-shaped lotus petal head. In recent years, bridge houses have been demolished, and old tiles with the year of "Zhenguan" have been demolished.

Dizang Bridge is in front of Renzhai in Lucheng today. It was built in the 16th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1678). It is a seven-hole beam stone bridge, with a total length of 36 meters, a width of 145 meters and a middle hole of 6 meters high. The whole bridge is arched, with three holes in the middle for ships to pass, and the years of bridge construction and maintenance are engraved on both sides of the bridge deck.

Sixi East Bridge is located at the head of Xiaqiao Village, sixi town, Taishun, and was built in the 10th year of Qing Qianlong (1745). The total length is 40m, the width is 6m, and it is 9.5m above the water surface. There are 5 bridge houses/kloc-0. Without piers, it is quite rare to form a splayed wooden arch with thick wooden frames.

Shi Shui Bridge is located in Dongxi Village, Shiyang Township, Taishun. It was built in Qianlong 60 years (1795) and rebuilt in Jiaqing 5 years (1820). The total length is 130m, and there are 22 1 steps. Each step consists of two flat stone strips, which are divided into two levels in parallel. With exquisite materials and large span, it is the prototype of the original bridge.

Xuezhai Bridge, also known as Jinxi Bridge, is located in Xuezhai Village, Sankui Town, Taishun. It was built in the sixth year of Qing Xianfeng (1856). It is a stoplog arcade bridge, with a total length of 565,438+0m, a width of 5.65,438+0m, a single span of 29m, a height of 65,438+00.5m above the water surface, 65,438+05 bridge towers, a bridge head slope of 30m, a large arch slope, a simple and unique shape and a magnificent momentum. Reconstructed on 1986.