[Inspection of Trace Material Evidence of Road Traffic Accidents] Exploration of Trace Material Evidence of Road Traffic Accidents

Physical evidence inspection of traces of road traffic accidents

order

This standard is a revised version of GA4 1-92, and the differences between it and relevant sections of GA4 1-92 are as follows: Chapter III: Definitions of terms such as traffic accident marks, physical evidence, attachments, scattered objects, ground marks and friction marks. Has been added.

Chapter IV: It is clear that the inspection principle must be implemented in accordance with the Law of the People's Republic of China on Road Traffic Safety, the Regulations for the Implementation of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Road Traffic Safety and the Procedures for Handling Traffic Accidents. The method of photogrammetry can be used to measure trace material evidence, and the corresponding measurement error is put forward. Added the first use of photographic method to fix trace material evidence in inquest.

Chapter 5: Equipment requirements for exploration, inspection preparation, discovery, preservation, fixation, extraction and determination of trace material evidence have been added. Increased requirements for inspection of tire tracks on the ground of vehicles equipped with anti-lock braking devices. Increased inspection requirements for fire accidents caused by traffic accidents; And increase the inspection content.

This standard replaces GA4 1-92 as of the date of implementation.

This standard is put forward and centralized by the Technical Committee of Road Traffic Management Standardization of the Ministry of Public Security.

Drafting unit of this standard: Institute of Traffic Management Science, Ministry of Public Security.

Drafting units of this standard: Traffic Patrol Corps of Zhejiang Provincial Public Security Department and Traffic Police Corps of Anhui Provincial Public Security Department. Main drafters of this standard: Gong Biao, Cui Xiaoping, Shi Changlin, Ding, Chen,,. Physical evidence inspection of traces of road traffic accidents

1 range

This standard specifies the main contents, principles and requirements of road traffic accident (hereinafter referred to as traffic accident) trace and material evidence inspection, fixation, extraction and recording.

This standard is applicable to the inspection of relevant traces and physical evidence at the scene of traffic accidents by public security traffic management departments.

2 normative reference documents

The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard by reference. All subsequent modifications (excluding errata) or revisions of dated reference documents are not applicable to this standard. However, parties who have reached an agreement according to this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated reference documents, the latest edition is applicable to this standard.

GB7258-2004 Technical Requirements for Motor Vehicle Operation Safety

GB/T 19056-2003 "automobile driving recorder"

GB 19522-2004 "Threshold and Detection of Blood and Exhaled Alcohol Content of Automobile Drivers"

GA 49-93 "Road Traffic Accident Scene Map Drawing"

GA 50-93 "Photographs of Road Traffic Accidents"

Law of the People's Republic of China on Road Traffic Safety

regulation on the implementation of the road traffic safety law of the people's republic of china

Provisions on Procedures for Handling Road Traffic Accidents (Decree No.72 of the Ministry of Public Security)

Procedures for handling administrative cases by public security organs

Procedures for handling criminal cases by public security organs

3 Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.

3. 1

Trace physical evidence of road traffic accidents

Articles, materials and traces left at the scene of a traffic accident or taken away from the scene of a traffic accident to prove the true situation of the traffic accident. The physical evidence of traffic accident traces mainly includes vehicles, human bodies, roads, fixtures, attachments, scattered objects and various traces.

3.2

Annex annex

Substances formed in traffic accidents and attached to vehicles, human bodies, roads and other objects that can prove the real situation of traffic accidents. Such as paint, grease, plastic, rubber, hair, fiber, blood stains, human tissues, sawdust, plant branches and leaves and dust.

3.3

distraction

Articles or substances left at the scene of a traffic accident that can prove the true situation of the traffic accident. For example, damaged and fallen vehicle parts, glass fragments, paint fragments, rubber fragments, vehicle loads, structural soil and sand fragments, wearing articles and carrying articles thrown by the human body on the ground, separated organs and tissues of the human body, bark, broken branches, cement and stone fragments that hit and fall on the ground from other objects, etc.

3.4

Track the traces on the road on the ground.

In the process of traffic accidents, tires and parts of accident vehicles, human bodies and accident-related objects come into contact with the ground, leaving traces at the scene of traffic accidents, such as tire tracks and human footprints.

3.5

Tire tracks on the ground, tire tracks on the road.

Traces left on the ground when vehicle tires roll and slide relative to the ground.

3.6

Roll mark

Traces left on the ground when the vehicle tires do pure rolling motion relative to the ground. It is characterized by clearly reflecting the tread pattern, pattern combination, tread wear and mechanical damage of the tire.

3.7

Impression wear trace

Traces left on the ground when the vehicle tires are subjected to dynamic action and make a compound motion of rolling and sliding relative to the ground along the driving direction. Characterized in that the tread pattern marks are extended in the running direction of the vehicle.

3.8

Drag and print brake marks.

Traces left on the ground when the vehicle tires slide relative to the ground along the driving direction under the action of power. It is characterized by a belt shape, which does not show the tread pattern, and its width is basically the same as the tread width.

3.9

Side-slip printing mark

The marks left on the ground when the vehicle tires deviate from the original driving direction and slide laterally relative to the ground by power, collision impact force or steering centrifugal force. It is characterized in that the footprint width is generally larger or smaller than the tire tread width, and generally no tread pattern is displayed.

3. 10]

Scrubbing and printing road scars.

Scratches formed on the ground after the vehicle is tilted or rolled.

3. 1 1

Traces of vehicles

In traffic accidents, vehicles come into contact with other vehicles, human bodies and objects, traces left on the car body due to vehicle deformation and damage, and traces left by lack of dust or other attachments on the car body.

3. 12

Traces of the body

Traces left by people who come into contact with vehicles, roads and objects in traffic accidents on human clothes and body surfaces.

3. 13

Other traces

Traces left on the surface of trees, guardrails, road traffic facilities, etc. When a vehicle or human body collides or scratches with roadside trees, guardrails and road traffic facilities in a traffic accident.

4 inspection principles and general requirements

4. 1 inspection principle]

4. 1. 1 The inspection shall be timely, comprehensive, objective, scientific and meticulous.

4. 1.2 Conduct inspection in strict accordance with relevant laws and regulations.

4. 1.3 inspection should use scientific means and methods and adopt advanced technology.

4.2 General requirements for inspection

4.2. 1 The inquest shall be undertaken by the traffic police or relevant professional and technical personnel who have obtained the qualification certificate for handling traffic accidents.

4.2.2 Necessary protective articles should be used in inspection, and effective measures should be taken to ensure the safety of inspectors.

4.2.3 Inspection shall be equipped with corresponding exploration vehicles, exploration extraction tools and exploration equipment.

4.2.4 There is no need to inspect the trace material evidence at the scene of the traffic accident which is subject to the simple handling procedure. After making the necessary records according to the regulations, you should evacuate the scene quickly and resume traffic.

4.2.5 Inspectors should carefully observe the shapes and characteristics of traffic accident traces and physical evidence according to the characteristics of various traffic accidents, and focus on the site traces and physical evidence of traffic accidents.

A) Investigate the vehicles, personnel, roads and related objects involved in traffic accidents, their states and trace positions. B) Investigate the route traces and physical evidence of vehicles and personnel involved in traffic accidents.

C) Check the contact parts, stress directions and related ground remains of vehicles, personnel, roads and related objects; Look for suspicious objects in and around the accident contact area, focusing on the traces and physical evidence of the first contact and their relative positions.

4.2.6 If traces are found to be bearing objects during inspection, the corresponding modeling objects shall be inspected and determined. Explore and determine the contact part between the modeling body and the receiver. For continuous multiple contacts, the specific part of the modeled object and the receiver at the first contact should be accurately identified.

4.2.7 During the inspection, the relative positions of vehicles, human bodies, on-site roads and related objects shall be measured, and the positions, shapes and sizes of various traces shall be measured. The measurement should be based on the edge of the road, the sign line or the side of the vehicle. You can use tape measure (or laser rangefinder) or photogrammetry to measure. The smallest unit of measurement is centimeter. Measurement error: if the distance is less than 50 cm, the maximum permissible error is 0.5 cm; The distance is 50cm to 10m, and the maximum error does not exceed1%; If the distance exceeds10m, the maximum error shall not exceed10cm. For photogrammetry, the comprehensive measurement error shall not exceed 65438 0%.

4.2.8 During the inspection, the valuable trace material evidence should be fixed and extracted by photography; A ruler with a length of 1 0cm and a millimeter scale should be placed next to the illuminated object, and the ruler should be placed next to the trace material evidence within the range of1cm, in the same plane as the trace material evidence, and the ruler should face the trace material evidence, and should not block or hinder observation; Try not to damage the extract when extracting, and indicate the name, extractor, extraction time, place, place, weather, extraction method, etc. Traces of physical evidence should be properly kept and submitted for inspection in time.

4.2.9 Inspection and extraction of traces and material evidence shall make records of exploration and extraction; Record the trace, position, shape, size, inspection process and extract of the object.

4.2. 10 inspection photography shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of GA50.

4.2. 1 1 The inspection chart shall be carried out according to the relevant provisions of GA49.

5. Specific requirements for inspection

5. 1 exploration equipment requirements

5. 1. 1 traffic accident investigation vehicle

A) The appearance of the traffic accident investigation vehicle shall conform to the painting standard of the police car appearance of the Ministry of Public Security.

B) Vehicles for traffic accident investigation shall be equipped with reflective signs, reflective fences, reflective vests, hand-held lighting or vehicle-mounted lighting equipment and other protective equipment.

5. 1.2 measuring instrument

A) Provide tape measure, tape measure or laser (ultrasonic) rangefinder, slope measuring instrument and other equipment.

B) Photogrammetry can be applied to on-site distance measurement, trace material evidence location and vehicle deformation.

5. 1.3 On-site photography and video recording equipment

A) On-site inspection photos shall be equipped with color film cameras or digital cameras. Technical requirements for digital cameras: the resolution should be greater than 5 million pixels;

B) The film camera should develop and print photos at the designated place. Digital cameras should be kept by special personnel, downloaded and printed on designated computers and printers.

C) On-site inspection cameras shall be equipped with video cameras or digital cameras.

5. 1.4 extraction tools and equipment

On-site inspection shall be equipped with electrostatic attractor, dust fixative, long-wave ultraviolet lamp, surgical handle, surgical blade, tweezers, gauze, fingerprint extraction tools (integrated fingerprint brush, magnetic pen and ear-absorbing ball, fingerprint tape and liner paper), general label of material evidence, material evidence collection bottle, sulfuric acid paper material evidence bag, plastic bag, glass slide, extraction board box and other on-site inspection and extraction tools and equipment.

5. 1.5 Other equipment

On-site inspection should be equipped with gradiometer, adhesive, scale, magnifying glass, pencil, jade pen, caliper, wire cutters, compass, inkpad, recording equipment, lighting for drawing, absorbent cotton, alcohol, medical tape, gloves, masks, towels, soap and other common equipment for on-site inspection.

5.2 Inspection preparation

On-site investigation and inspection shall be conducted in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Regulations on Handling Procedures for Traffic Accidents. If there is a traffic accident with casualties, the injured should be rescued first, and then the trace material evidence on the scene should be tested. In the process of rescuing casualties, if it is necessary to move vehicles, human bodies or related objects, corresponding marks shall be made or fixed by photography.

5.3 Discovery, preservation, fixation, extraction and measurement of trace material evidence

5.3. 1 Trace material evidence discovery

A) According to the types and characteristics of traffic accidents, determine the key parts of inspection by observing the abnormal phenomena of objects and contact parts when the accidents occur.

B) Carefully observe the scene of the traffic accident, and look for and find suspicious objects on the ground, vehicle contact parts, casualties and other related objects at the scene of the traffic accident; Pay attention to the wheel tracks left by vehicles on the road, the injured or dead, clothes and trousers, and objects crushed by vehicles; Pay attention to other marks on the road and the marks inside and outside the car. C) Using advanced scientific means and methods to find trace material evidence.

5.3.2 Preservation of Trace Material Evidence

A) If trace material evidence cannot be extracted in time for some reason, protective measures must be taken to prevent the damage and loss of trace material evidence. B) Before moving vehicles, vehicles with fingerprints on the steering wheel or accident evidence on the tires must be extracted first. C) After exploration, measurement and photographing, the traces of traffic accidents and physical evidence on the road surface must be extracted immediately. D) Vehicles and physical evidence involved in the accident should be stored indoors. If stored outdoors, the traces and physical evidence of traffic accidents must be protected by appropriate methods. Prevent people from touching or damaging or losing traces and physical evidence due to weather changes.

E) Volatile samples that are inconvenient for immediate inspection must be sealed with clean glass bottles, plastic bottles or plastic bags and stored at low temperature.

5.3.3 Trace material evidence is fixed.

The fixed way is to take photos, draw site maps and record site inspections. Take photos or videos of the direction, general situation, center and details of the traffic accident scene, focusing on the traces and physical evidence of the traffic accident. Fix and record the location, shape, size and characteristics of traffic accident traces and physical evidence.

5.3.4 Extraction of Trace Material Evidence

general requirements

A) The confirmed or suspected traffic accident traces and physical evidence shall be extracted.

B) In the process of exploration and evidence collection, it is necessary to prevent material evidence from being polluted. Don't sketch with chalk, ballpoint pen or crayon in or near the physical evidence before taking the certificate. All kinds of tools, packages, containers, etc. The certificate used for extraction must be clean. When using the same tool to extract certificates from different parts, the tool must be wiped clean every time. Extract all kinds of physical evidence. Especially when extracting oil, blood, human tissues, etc. Don't reuse the same tool and don't touch the physical evidence directly with your hands. C) Before extraction, all relevant traces and articles found shall be numbered and recorded according to their shapes, quantities, colors and positions. Recording methods include video recording, photography, drawing and recording. The found articles can be collected directly, but they must be packaged separately, especially some substances (such as blood and gasoline) that need to be detected to prevent pollution or mixing. For some separation or shedding, pay attention to its edge when packaging. Wheel marks on the clothes of traffic accident casualties should be extracted together with the clothes; The plane or three-dimensional wheel tracks on the ground should be carefully extracted.

5.3.4.2 direct extraction

Small articles and easily decomposed vehicle parts that can reflect the traces of traffic accidents and the formation of traffic accidents should be directly extracted.

5.3.4.3 indirect extraction

Traffic accident traces that cannot be directly extracted shall be extracted by photography or video recording, electrostatic adsorption, gypsum perfusion, silicone rubber extraction, hard plastic extraction, copying and other corresponding technical means.

A) The trace images taken shall be complete, clear and distortion-free, and can reflect the characteristics of appropriate parts of the trace, with millimeter scale attached.

B) The tread pattern traces left on the smooth road surface can be extracted by electrostatic adsorption.

C) Stereo marks left on the road surface, such as footprints on the soil road surface and tire tread marks, can be extracted by gypsum casting.

D) For the traces on the surface of the object that are elastic and not easy to break and break, silicone rubber and a certain amount of peroxide can be used for curing and extraction.

E) Hard plastics can be used to extract large-area traces on the surface of vehicles or objects.

F) For fingerprints on smooth surfaces, such as suspicious fingerprints on steering wheel, door handle and vehicle surface, metal powder can be used for extraction.

Extraction of Scattered Targets in 5.3.4.4

A) Solid substances scattered on the site floor, such as glass fragments, paint fragments, plastic fragments, vehicle parts and loads, can be clamped with tweezers.

B) Larger articles stained with accident evidence and shoes, buttons, gloves and human tissues scattered in the accident vehicle can be extracted by hand. Don't touch traffic accident marks and attachments directly with your hands.

Pick up attachments in 5.3.4.5

A) For substances attached to small items and easily decomposed vehicle parts, all relevant items and parts should be extracted. B) Solid substances attached to the surface of car body or other large objects can be extracted by methods such as scraping with a blade and nipping with tweezers according to their properties, such as paint, plastic, reflective film, dried blood stains, human tissues, etc. When necessary, in order to prevent the loss of physical evidence, physical evidence can be extracted together with some carriers by cutting, digging and sawing.

C) Blood, grease and other liquid substances can be wiped with filter paper, gauze or absorbent cotton.

5.3.4.6 takes control samples.

A) When the substance or load of the hit-and-run vehicle itself is left at the scene, the investigators should carefully extract the residue from the scene and keep it properly. After the suspicious vehicle is found, substances with similar appearance to the site remains are extracted from the relevant parts of the suspicious vehicle as control samples for comparison and inspection.

B) When investigating suspicious vehicles, if suspicious accessories are found, control samples should be taken from the surface of the hit vehicles, wounded people or other objects at the scene for comparison and inspection.

5.3.5 Measurement of Trace Material Evidence

A) The location, length, width, height and direction of the identified traffic accident traces and material evidence shall be measured and recorded. Accident material evidence generally exists in traffic accident traces, so it is only necessary to measure and record its position. B) Measure and record the deformation shape and deformation amount (length, width, height or depth) of vehicle collision damage.

C) Measure and record the road slope, turning radius and adhesion coefficient at the traffic accident site.

5.4 Inspection of grounding trace

5.4. 1 Tire tracks on the ground

A) Investigate the type, shape, direction, length, width, adhesion, specifications and patterns of tire tracks on the ground.

B) At the scene of an escape traffic accident, the distance between the tire tracks on both sides of the hit-and-run vehicle and the distance between the tire tracks before and after the hit-and-run vehicle should be checked to determine the type and direction of the hit-and-run vehicle. In the road section with electronic monitoring equipment, the vehicle information recorded by the monitoring equipment should be inquired in time.

C) Check the vertical distance between the segmented points of rolling printing, stamping, dragging printing, sliding printing and wiping printing relative to the road edge, the included angle between the trace and the road center line, and the sliding, rotating direction and rotating degree of the trace.

D) Rolling printing, stamping, dragging printing, sliding printing, friction printing and trace mutation points should be checked separately; Arc marks shall be inspected in sections; Discontinuous traces caused by tire runout should be checked as continuous traces, and the distance between discontinuous traces should be recorded as needed.

5.4.2 Investigate the length, width and depth of scratches and grooves left on the ground by vehicles, soles or other objects, and the distance between the center or starting point of the mark and the edge of the road; Determine the tracked modeling object.

5.4.3 Investigate the types, shapes, colors and distribution positions of scattered objects, blood and human tissues on the ground related to traffic accidents; Determine the first falling point position and falling point direction of the main scattered objects.

5.4.4 When traces on cement, asphalt and stone pavements are covered by dust and scattered objects, the cover can be removed after taking photos and then inspected without hindering the inspection of other projects.

5.4.5 Make the trace model as required, and extract the rubber powder on the ground, the rubber of the tire and the attachments on the tire tread for inspection and identification.

5.4.6 Check the tire tracks on the ground of vehicles equipped with anti-lock braking devices (ABS). Note that the brake marks are mostly embossed, and occasionally slightly dragged, which is light, difficult to find and easy to disappear.

5.5 Inspection of body marks

5.5. 1 Investigate the causes of various marks on the car body. Investigate the position and direction of the first contact between the vehicle and other vehicles, people and objects, and determine the corresponding contact position of the other party.

5.5.2 Check the length, width, depression depth of the mark, the height of the upper and lower edges of the mark from the ground and the distance between the mark and the relevant side of the car body.

5.5.3 Check the damage, fracture and deformation of vehicle parts.

5.5.4 For traffic accidents related to vehicle lighting system, the light bulbs, filaments and their fragments of the vehicle shall be extracted.

5.5.5 When there is a traffic accident between people and vehicles, special attention should be paid to the inquest to extract the fibers, hair, blood, humanoid tissues, paint chips and other attachments on the car body.

5.5.6 If it is necessary to determine the driver of the vehicle, hand and foot marks and attachments at the steering wheel, gear lever, cab door and pedal shall be extracted.

5.6 Human trace inspection

5.6. 1 General requirements

Before examining human traces, photos should be taken or on-site investigations and visits should be conducted to record the original position of the victim at the scene. The inspection of human traces should be carried out from the outside to the inside, and clothes should be worn on the body surface first.

5.6.2 Inspection of clothing marks

A) Check the clothes for signs such as hooks, tears, seams and tripping, paint, oil stains and other attachments, and check the soles for scratches.

B) Investigate the position, shape and characteristics of the marks and attachments on clothes, the direction of the force that caused the marks, and the distance from the mark center to the heel.

C) Check the name, origin, color, age and other characteristics of the clothes and the wearing order as required; Extract the necessary clothing material evidence.

5.6.3 Check the traces on the body surface.

A) Traces on the body surface of traffic accident victims should be examined by inspectors or forensic doctors; The body surface marks of the injured are generally diagnosed and examined by hospitals, and can be examined by forensic doctors or inspectors with the assistance of medical staff as needed.

B) Conduct an inquest on the formation of body surface injuries, lividity and rigor mortis of traffic accident victims, and determine the cause and time of death. C) Check the body surface characteristics such as gender, body length and body shape.

D) Investigate the position, type, shape and size of the body surface injury and the direction of the force that caused the injury; The distance from the injured part to the heel and the attachment of the injured part.

E) check whether the main bones are broken, whether the limbs are broken and whether the internal tissues overflow.

F) Extracting clothes, blood and tissue fluid of the injured and the dead as required; Hair, body surface attachments, etc. , for inspection and identification.

5.7 Inspection of other traces and physical evidence

5.7. 1 Check the length, width, depth and height from the ground of traces on street trees, protective piles, bridge fences, isolation facilities and other fixtures to determine modeling objects.

5.7.2 Extract related separation objects or parts fragments, and pay attention to protect the fracture morphology as the physical evidence of the whole separation.

5.7.3 To escape from the scene of a traffic accident, all traces and physical evidence related to the traffic accident left at the scene should be extracted.

5.7.4 Sand, grease, loaded articles, etc. Falling from the vehicle can reflect the use of the vehicle, especially the mud falling from the tire, which can reflect the driving state of the vehicle and the local pattern of the tire. These physical evidence should be extracted, properly packaged and preserved for inspection and identification.

5.7.5 In case of vehicle fire caused by road traffic accidents, the fire source shall be investigated.

5.8 inspection

The exploration, measurement and recording of traffic accident traces and material evidence can not meet the needs of accident treatment. Valuable traces and physical evidence should be extracted and sent to professional technicians or qualified inspection and appraisal institutions for inspection and appraisal. Trace traces and physical evidence extracted should be properly kept and sent for inspection in time.

A) Technical appraisal of the driving speed of the accident vehicle: For the accident vehicle equipped with the automobile driving recorder conforming to GB/T 19056 standard, relevant data can be directly extracted from the automobile driving recorder; Data can be extracted from the airbag recording module of an accident vehicle whose airbag was opened after a collision accident.

B) For the suspects who caused traffic accidents by driving motor vehicles after drinking, take blood for alcohol concentration detection, and the detection shall be conducted according to GB 19522 standard.

C) Technical appraisal of the safety performance of accident vehicles shall be conducted in accordance with relevant provisions of GB7258 standard.

D) For nameless corpses, personal identification samples should be taken and DNA information should be collected for inspection and identification.