1: Folk songs 2: Folk songs Nursery rhymes 3: Ancient poetry 4: Modern poetry - children's poetry 5: Foreign poetry 6: Stories and knowledge about poetry

1: Ballads

1. Lullaby

The moon is bright, the wind is quiet, the leaves cover the window lattice,

The crickets It's called Zhengzheng, just like the sound of the strings.

The sound of the piano is soft, the tune is melodious, and the cradle is gently swinging.

Mom, baby, close your eyes and fall asleep. Sleep in a dream.

Mom, baby, you close your eyes and fall asleep, sleeping in your dream.

The little dove is about to spread its wings and fly, purring a few times.

The baby smiled slightly in his sleep.

The clear eyebrows , the face is so red, the more mom looks at it, the more she likes it.

Mom, my baby, you will grow up quickly and make great contributions to the construction of the motherland.

Mom, my baby, you will grow up quickly and make great contributions to the construction of the motherland.

The dew is spreading among the flowers. The flowers in front of the window are red.

The flowers are blooming red. Baby, you will grow up quickly.

Moon The child is so bright, the wind is so quiet, the crickets are chirping continuously,

Mom, baby, you close your eyes and sleep, that sleeps in your dream.

Mom, baby, you close your eyes and fall asleep, sleeping in your dream.

2. A little flower dog stood at the gate with dark eyes and wanted to eat meat and bones

2: Folk songs and nursery rhymes

1. Folk songs

An embroidered boat is sailing in the center of the river. An embroidered figure is Jiang Taigong, holding a fishing rod.

Zhang Guolao, the second embroiderer, rode a donkey across the Zhaozhou Bridge. Zhang Guolao rode a donkey across the Zhaozhou Bridge.

Three embroideries harmonize the immortals, harmonize the two immortals, and embroider bangs to play with the golden toad.

Four embroideries guarantee the correctness of the text, and the official will be more clear-minded, and the white will cut off the yang and the night will cut off the yin spirit.

Five embroidered Dragon Boat Festival, calamus and realgar, embroidered a white lady loving Xu Xian.

There are six embroidered June fairies, Xiangzi holds a flower basket, and Han Xiangzi’s flower basket is full of peonies.

On the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, the Cowherd meets the Weaver Girl. The two of them are separated by the banks of the Tianhe River.

In the Eight Immortals of Eight Embroideries, Dongbin plays Peony, and Lu Dongbin plays White Peony.

Nine embroideries are made for the Nine Double Ninth Festival, the chrysanthemums are yellow in September, and the nine-day fairy embroiders mandarin ducks.

Ten Embroidery Gods, Six Gods of Wealth, and Four Gods of Fortune have come to our door

2. Brother Kaoqing

Question: Let me tell you something. Tell me, what flowers bloom in the water?

Answer: Which one you said, I will give you the right one, lotus blossoms in the water.

Question: What blooms continuously? Answer: The sesame flowers are blooming steadily.

Question: What blooms and is covered in thorns? answer. Zanthoxylum bungeanum blooms and is covered with thorns.

Question: What is blooming? Answer: The grapes are blooming.

Question: What makes a piece of flesh bloom? Answer: The cockscomb blossoms into a piece of meat.

Question: What causes sparse flowers and leaves? Answer: Wintersweet has few flowers and leaves.

Question: Why are there no flowers in bloom? Answer: Litsea cubeba is blooming but no flowers are visible.

Q: What is blooming hand in hand? Answer: Plum blossoms and beans are blooming hand in hand.

Question: What flowers grow beards? l Answer: Corn blooms and grows beards.

(2) Nursery Rhymes

1. Don’t let the Japanese be rampant again

Red tassel gun, red tassel gun, the tassel of the gun is as red as fire, and the tip of the gun emits golden light.

Pick up the red tassel gun and go fight Xiao Dongyang.

Fight the East, protect our hometown, and prevent the Japanese from being rampant again

2. Little brother is so naughty

Little brother, so naughty, use a corn stalk as a horse ride.

Ride to the east, ride to the west, ride to Taiwan to fight against American imperialism.

The brother next door wants to get a wife.

The brother next door wants to get a wife. The uncle next door smiled and ordered the cook to kill the rooster

The chicken said: I can When you wake up early to tell the time, why don't you kill the cow?

The cow said: I know how to plow the fields and am strong, so why don’t I kill the horse?

The horse said: I can pull the cart around, why not kill the dog?

The dog said: I will watch the door at home, why not kill the pig?

Lazy pigs don’t do anything every day, so they have nothing to say if they want to defend themselves. Nothing to say,

3: Ancient Poetry

1. Moshang Sang

Han Yuefu

The sun rises in the southeast corner, shining on my Qin Dynasty House. The Qin family had a good daughter who named herself Luofu.

Luofu likes sericulture and picks mulberries in the south corner of the city. The green silk is the cage tie, and the cinnamon twig is the cage hook.

The Japanese is wearing a bun on her head, and there are bright moon beads in her ears. Xiangqi is the lower skirt and purple qi is the upper skirt.

The traveler saw Luo Fu and put down his shoulder to smooth his mustache. When the young man saw Luofu, he took off his hat and bowed his head.

The plower forgets his plow, the hoeer forgets his hoe. When you come back, you will be angry with each other, but you will sit back and watch Luofu.

The envoy came from the south, and the five horses stood hesitant. The envoy sent his officials to ask whose concubine she was?

"The Qin family has a good daughter who calls herself Luofu." "How old is Luofu?" "Twenty is not enough, but fifteen is quite enough." The envoy thanked Luofu: "Would you rather have sex?"

Luofu's preface: "What a fool to envoy! The envoy has his own wife, and Luofu has his own husband."

The envoy thanked Luofu. p>

“There are more than a thousand riders in the east, and my husband is at the top.

What's the point of knowing your husband?

The white horse comes from the Li colt; the green silk is tied to the horse's tail, and the gold is tied to the horse's head; the deer and Lu sword in the waist can reach more than ten million.

Fifteen government officials, twenty dynasty officials, thirty ministers, and forty city dwellers.

He is fair-skinned and has a beard. Yingying Gongfu steps, Ranran Mansion gradually trend.

Thousands of people sitting in the crowd all said that my husband and son-in-law were special. ”

2. The leaves are turned over,

The inclined bridge is opposite the side door.

The reed flowers are only white,

The catkins may be warm.

Xizi Xunyi Palace,

Zhaojun is looking for his old village.

Every year, everything is gone.

Come and bid farewell to Lansun.

4: Modern poetry - children's poetry

1.<>

Snowflake

It is the little angel pulling the pillow< /p>

The shaken goose feathers

are scattered all over the floor

Snowflakes

It’s Sky Mother

Rent Cotton batting for the earth

so that it can make a warm quilt

Snowflakes

is a gift from Santa Claus

to us

p>

I wish every teenager and child health and happiness

2. "Tree"

The tree in spring

is a beauty pageant stage for flowers

p>

Summer trees

are classrooms where cicadas sing

autumn trees

are cradle where fruits sleep

< p>Trees in winter

Is the playground where the winds race

5: Foreign Poetry

1. "I Will Be a Rapid" by the Spanish poet Petofi

I would like it to be a rapid,

in the mountains

a small river,

on a rugged road,

rocks Passed by...

As long as my lover

is a small fish,

swimming happily in my waves

Swim away.

I would like to be in the wild forest,

on both sides of the river,

facing the gusts of wind,

bravely Fight...

As long as my lover

is a little bird,

making a nest among my dense

branches , chirping.

I am willing to be a ruin,

on the steep rocks,

this silent destruction

does not make me Dejected...

Only my lover

is a green ivy,

along my desolate forehead,

intimately Climbing up

I would like to be a thatched house,

at the bottom of a deep valley,

on the top of a thatched house,

suffering. The blows of wind and rain...

As long as my love

is a lovely flame,

in my stove,

happily Flashing slowly

I would like to be a cloud,

a gray broken flag,

in the vast sky,

lazily. Floating here and there,

As long as my lover

is a coral-like sunset,

next to my pale face, showing bright splendor

p>

2. Tears flowed from the bottom of my heart

Verlaine

Tears flowed from the bottom of my heart, just like the autumn rain that filled the city.

A stream of tears flowed from the bottom of my heart.

Nameless emotions penetrate into the bottom of my heart.

The noisy and gentle rain whispers on the ground and on the tiles.

Ah, singing softly for a melancholy heart Yuyu!

The tears flowed unreasonably. This heart hates itself.

What? There are no scars? This sadness makes no sense.

This is the most painful pain, when you don’t know its cause.

Neither love nor hate,

There is so much pain in my heart!

6: Stories and knowledge about poetry

1. The story of Song Zhiwen’s chance encounter with King Luo Bin.

The poet King Luo Bin of the early Tang Dynasty participated in the uprising against Wu Zetian, but failed, so he had to remain anonymous and became a monk.

On this day, a young tourist came to Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou. This person was Song Zhiwen. In the evening, Song Zhiwen strolled along the corridor of the temple. When he saw the bright moon in the sky and the wild mountains, he became inspired by poetry and recited two lines of poetry: "The Eagle Ridge is lush and shining, and the Dragon Palace is hidden and lonely." He felt that it had some meaning, but the following two lines But I couldn't connect the sentences for a while. At the end of the long corridor, Song Zhiwen suddenly saw an old monk meditating. He stepped forward to greet him. The old monk raised his eyes and said a few words of greeting, and said: "I have two sentences -" Then he chanted slowly: "Looking at the sea and the sun from the building, listening to the tide of Zhejiang at the door." Song Zhiwen was deeply impressed after hearing this.

Song Zhiwen went back to his room to savor the words carefully, and felt that the old monk's two sentences were wonderful. He excitedly ran to see the old monk early the next morning, but there was no one there. While he was wandering around in despair, a young monk passed by. Song Zhiwen hurried up to ask, and the monk said: "Oh, he is King Luo Bin.

”

2. Zhang Ji and "Night Mooring at Maple Bridge" who failed the list

One by one, his classmates and friends were on the list, but Zhang Ji failed. After losing the list, Zhang Ji was very disappointed. A man came to Suzhou alone.

Suzhou is a good place, and the scenery of the water town is better than heaven. Zhang Ji wanted to use the beautiful scenery of Suzhou to relieve his boredom, but looking at the beautiful scenery in front of him, he couldn't help but think of it. The scenery of others and my own loneliness. A day trip to the garden water lanes not only did not relieve the boredom in my heart, but also added a lot of sorrow. It was just the scenery to relieve my sorrow.

At night, Zhang Jirang! The old boatman parked the boat next to the Maple Bridge and didn't want to go anywhere.

The river under the Maple Bridge flowed quietly in the night, and the boat swayed gently on the water, as if it was swaying in the wind. Cradle. Let me have a good sleep in this "cradle". Maybe I will be in a good mood when I wake up tomorrow.

Zhang Ji got into the cabin, undressed and lay down, the boat was rippling. Shake, it is indeed very comfortable, but the past events have to be played out in my mind: the hardships of ten years of hard study, the expectations of my parents, the contempt of others, my own frustration...everything is like a steel needle, piercing people Heartbroken. What made Zhang Ji most distressed was his grandma. Before going to the exam, grandma called Zhang Ji to the bed, took out a thumb-sized jade Guanyin from her body with trembling hands, and put it on Zhang Ji's neck. Grandma Zhang Ji has been wearing the Jade Guanyin for decades, and she has never seen her take it off. The grandma said that Guanyin Bodhisattva will bless her grandson Jinbang High School.

Zhang Ji touched the Jade Guanyin on her body. , sighed secretly: "Oh, grandma, my grandson is ashamed of you! ”

Zhang Ji tossed and turned, unable to fall asleep. He simply put on his clothes and prepared to talk to the boatman. Only when he got out of the cabin did he find that the old boatman had fallen asleep on the bow of the boat. There were fishing fires on the river, Every bit of fishing fire is like a family. Zhang Ji didn't want to disturb the old boatman, so he stood quietly on the bow of the boat and admired the moon. The moon seemed to look down on Zhang Ji, a failed scholar, and gradually set in the west, then fell from the top of the maple tree. I can't see it anymore. Just on the branch where the moon has set, there is a crow, which is particularly sad in the quiet night. Why is this crow still singing in the middle of the night? Is it as troubled as me?

The wind picked up on the river, and Zhang Jilin shivered. It was already late autumn, no wonder the night wind hit his skin. He was about to return to the cabin to put on some clothes, when he heard a bell, which seemed to come from outside. Come. The sound of the bell is particularly pure and melodious in the quiet night, lingering in the ears for a long time, arousing Zhang Ji's infinite nostalgia! When he was a child, Zhang Ji often went to the temple to burn incense and make wishes, and he was used to hearing such bells. At this time of failure, in this foreign land late at night, how can one not think of the good times of childhood and the loving grandmother? No, does the grandma at home know that her grandson has failed? In the eyes of grandma, her grandson is the best. She must be looking forward to the good news of her grandson's gold medal day and night!

The night wind became stronger, causing the boat to swing back and forth, and the fishing fires on the river. It also goes out one after another. Zhang Ji looked at the ancient maple bridge in the night and blurted out:

The moon is setting and the sky is full of crows and frost, and the rivers, maples and fishing fires are facing melancholy in Gusu City. Waihanshan Temple, the midnight bell rings for the passenger ship.

More than 1,000 years later, wherever there are Chinese people, someone will recite this song "Night Mooring at Maple Bridge". The year Zhang Ji failed the exam, he passed the exam. No one knows who won the first prize. If Zhang Ji had not failed, he would not have been able to write such a poignant poem. It was Zhang Ji who was lucky enough to read "Night at Maple Bridge". It also took advantage of Zhang Ji's failure.

Knowledge of poetry

1. What is poetry?

The word "poetry" originally refers to the Four Books and the Five Classics ( The abbreviation of "The Book of Songs" in "Poems, Books, Rites, Yi, Spring and Autumn Period". The "Book of Songs" was originally called "The Book of Songs", and was later regarded as a classic by Confucianists, so it was called the "Book of Songs". Collection. Poetry was originally sung with music, so it was also called "poetry". It later evolved into a literary genre separate from music.

1. Definition of poetry:

<1> "Cihai": It is one of the earliest literary genres. It uses concise language, abundant emotions, and rich imagination according to certain syllables, tones, and rhythm requirements to express social life and the human spirit in a highly concentrated manner. The world.

<2>Modern Chinese Dictionary: a literary genre that reflects life and expresses emotions through rhythmic and rhythmic language

2. Interpretation of the definition of poetry (according to "Modern Chinese Dictionary" says)

(1) Rhythmic and rhythmic language.

Old-style poetry has strict requirements in terms of rhythm and rhyme. Especially the modern poetry of the Tang Dynasty and the lyrics of the Song Dynasty have strict regulations in terms of word count, level, antithesis, allusion, rhyme, etc.

① Rhythm (or beat): refers to the priority and cadence of sounds, which is mainly reflected in the intermittent pauses in the tone of voice.

△Wang Wei's "Acacia":

Red beans grow in the southern country, and when spring comes, they sprout a few branches. I hope you will pick more of them, as this is the most loved thing.

△Du Mu's "Qingming": It rains heavily during the Qingming Festival, and pedestrians on the road want to lose their souls.

May I ask where the restaurant is? The shepherd boy points to Xinghua Village in the distance.

Poetry does not need strict rhyme, but it must have a distinctive rhythm. Guo Moruo said: "If there is no rhythm, it is not poetry.

”

②Rhyme: refers to the flat and oblique format and rhyme rules in poetry. "Cihai": refers to the rhyme and rhythm in poetry.

△Ping and oblique: ancient Chinese sounds include flat, upper, and There are four tones of "Qu" and "Ru" (the character "Ru" has disappeared in Mandarin). According to the four tones of modern Chinese (except for "Qingsheng"), they are divided into Yinping, Yangping, Shangsheng and Qu. .

Characteristics of flat tones: smooth and long; flat tones: short and sharp.

Using the flat tones of words can give poetry a strong sense of rhythm when singing. It must fall on the flat tone to be extended. For example: the word "bright" in the lyrics "Fifteenth Moon" falls on the liang tone.

△Rhyme: refers to the same or similar final rhyme in some sentences in the poem. , to make the tone harmonious and beautiful. Generally, the first sentence may or may not rhyme. For example, Wang Zhihuan's poem:

△"Climbing the Stork Tower": The sun is over the mountains, and the Yellow River flows into the sea. I want to see a thousand miles away and reach a higher level.

△ "Liangzhou Ci":

The Yellow River is far away among the white clouds, and there is an isolated city. Wanren Mountain. Why should the Qiang flute blame the willows?

(2) Reflection of life

①Reflection of working life: △Ancient ballad: Broken bamboo, flying soil. , chase the meat.

△"The Book of Songs·Cutting the Sandalwood"

The river is clear and rippled, and there is no harvest. If you don’t hunt for three hundred grains, is there a farmer in the county?

②Reflects the social customs of the newlyweds

< p>△Du Fu's "Three Histories" "Three Farewells" to Tongguan Officials Farewell to the Elderly

Xin'an Officials Have No Family Farewell

△Du Fu's "From Beijing to Fengxian County to Commemorate the Five Hundred Years" Famous sentence from "Zhumen": "The wine and meat in Zhumen smells bad, and there are frozen bones on the road." "

△Du Fu's "The Soldiers March East": "The carriages are rolling, the horses are rustling, and the pedestrians are carrying bows and arrows at their waists. Ye Niang and his wife walked off to see each other off, but Xianyang Bridge was nowhere to be seen. Holding my clothes and stamping my feet, I blocked the road and cried, and the cry went up to the sky..."

△"The Book of Songs·Shuo Mouse"

③Reflecting the life in the frontier fortress

△Wang Changling "Walking in the Army":

(1) The snow-capped mountains are covered with long clouds in Qinghai, and the lonely city looks into the distance at Yumen Pass. The wind and dust make the sun dim, and the red flag is half-rolled out of the camp gate. The former army is fighting in Taohebei at night, and has reported that Tuguhun has been captured alive.

△Wang Changling's "Out of the Fortress":

The bright moon of Qin Dynasty and the pass of Han Dynasty. The people who marched thousands of miles have not yet returned, but the flying generals of Longcheng are here, and they will not teach Hu Ma to cross the Yinshan Mountains.

△ Wang Han's "Liangzhou Ci":

The luminous cup of grape wine, desire. Drink the pipa and hurry up. Don't cry when you are lying drunk on the battlefield.

④Reflecting on love life: △"Guan Ju" △"The Peacock Flying to the Southeast" △Li Ji's "Wang Gui and Li Xiangxiang".

⑤Reflecting the landscape and countryside:

△Tao Yuanming's "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields":

Beans are planted at the foot of the southern mountain, and the grass is full of bean seedlings. , The road is narrow and the grass and trees are long, and my clothes are stained by the evening dew, but I don’t regret it, but my wish is not violated. The middle sentence of "In the Human Realm":

"Under the eastern fence of picking chrysanthemums, I can see Nanshan leisurely. The mountain air is getting better day by day and the birds are flying back and forth. "

△Wang Wei's "Weichuan Tianjia":

The slanting light shines on the countryside, and the cattle and sheep return in the back alleys. The old man in the wild misses the shepherd boy, leaning on his stick to wait for the thorns. The pheasants and wheat seedlings are beautiful,

The silkworms are sleeping and the mulberry leaves are sparse. The husband and wife are standing in the field, talking to each other in admiration and leisure.

△"Guilin Landscape Song" by He Jingzhi

p>

(3) Expressing emotions:

Belinsky: “Emotions are the most important driving factor of poetic nature; without emotions, there would be no poets and no poetry. "Poems express emotions in many aspects: joy, anger, sadness, joy, shock, fear, and thoughts. Example:

①Happiness: Du Fu's "Henan and Hebei were taken over by the government troops":

< p> Suddenly it was said that Jibei was coming to China. When I first heard about it, my clothes were filled with tears, but I saw that my wife was so worried that she was filled with joy and joy.

It was necessary to indulge in drinking during the day, so that I could return to my hometown with my youth. The Ba Gorge passes through the Wu Gorge, and then goes down to Xiangyang towards Luoyang.

Wu: Yue Fei's "The River is Red":

I am so angry that I look up to the sky, where the misty rain stops. Roaring, strong feelings. Thirty years of fame and dust, eight thousand miles of clouds and moon. Don't wait for the young man's head to turn white. The shame of Jingkang has not yet snowed. I regret that when will I break through the Helan Mountains? Missing. The ambition is to eat the meat of the Huns, and to drink the blood of the Xiongnu.

Searching and searching, it's deserted and miserable. It's the hardest time to stop breathing when it's warm and cold. How can we talk about wine in three cups? It's late and the wind is rushing! It's the old days when the wild geese pass by.

△Li Ying's "January Sorrow":

Dear Premier Zhou, I can't go to the hospital to pay my respects to you, so I can only hold a cold newspaper and quietly, Standing in the dusk on Chang'an Street.

Let the wind of a month lift up my hair, let the dim street lamp shine on the cold tears...

④The Thoughts of a Complaining Woman:

△Li Qingzhao's "Lip Drops" ·Thoughts of the Boudoir":

"Lonely in the deep boudoir, every inch of my tender heart is full of sorrow. I cherish the spring, when spring comes, it will rain at what time..."

△Li Qingzhao's "One Cut Plum·Farewell to Sorrow":

The fragrance of red lotus root lingers in the jade mat in autumn. He undressed Luo Shang lightly and boarded the orchid boat alone. Who in the clouds sent brocade books? When the wild goose returns, the moon is full on the west tower. The flowers float and the water flows. One kind of lovesickness, two places of idle sorrow. There is no way to eliminate this feeling, so I just frown, but it is in my heart.

△Li Bai's "Spring Thoughts":

The swallow grass is like blue silk, and the green branches of Qin mulberry are low. When you are nostalgic for the past, it is a time to break your heart. If you don't know the spring breeze, why should you enter the Luo curtain?

△Li Bai's "Midnight Wu Song":

There is a moon in Chang'an, and the sound of thousands of households pounding their clothes. The spring breeze never blows away, but there is always love. When the Huru are defeated, the good men will stop the expedition.

△Jin Changxu's "Spring Resentment" (Tang Dynasty):

When you fight the yellow orioles, don't teach them to sing on the branches. When I cry, I startle my concubine in my dream, and I cannot get to western Liaoning.

2. The development process of poetry

↓1. Ancient ballads

↓2. The Book of Songs: 305 chapters, 5 of which have goals but no words, also known as "The Book of Songs" Three Hundred Poems". my country's first collection of poetry, the "Six Arts" of the Book of Songs: Feng (160 chapters on the styles of 15 countries), Ya (105 chapters on the works of court officials), Song (40 songs for temple sacrifices), Fu (explaining the story directly), Biography (an analogy), Xing (first talk about other things, and then lead to the thing being sung).

↓3. Chu Ci: Qu Yuan as the representative inherited the tradition of "The Book of Songs" and created a new romantic poetry style.

↓ 4. Han Yuefu: "Yuefu" is the name of the music organization responsible for collecting styles.

"Twin Jewels of Yuefu": "Mulan Poetry", "Peacock Flying Southeast"

↓5. Tang Poetry: The Golden Age of Chinese Poetry, Three Major Poets

↓6. Song Ci: Bold and Unrestrained School (Su Xin School) Wanyue School (Jiang Kui, Liu Yong, Li Qingzhao)

↓7. Yuan Opera: including Sanqu and Zaju

↓8. Free Poetry (New Poetry): Five Poetry after the Four Movements