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People who watch American TV shows often hear about public TV stations, cable TV stations and Shou Feitai, but I'm afraid few people can tell the essential differences between these TV stations. In view of this, I will sweep you blind. As we all know, there are six public television stations in the United States, namely CBS, abc, Fox, NBC, CW and PBS. Among them, CBS, abc and NBC are the first three traditional public television stations. Fox gradually established a TV network covering more than 90% of the United States from 1986 to the early 1990s, and then in 2006, WB TV merged with UPN to form CW TV. These five TV stations are all commercial TV networks, and they make a living by advertising. We usually hear a lot of cable stations in the process of watching American TV series, such as USA, AMC, TNT, FX, showtime, HBO, starz and so on. So what's the difference between a public station and a cable station? Let me give you a detailed introduction. ?

1 What is the difference between public TV and cable TV?

CBS, NBC and abc, the three earliest TV networks, were actually engaged in broadcasting services in the early days, that is, radio broadcasting. After the development of technology and the popularization of TV, they slowly began to develop TV business. The principle of TV broadcasting and FM broadcasting is actually the same: put a high-power signal transmitter in the central city, then put a repeater at regular intervals (to strengthen the signal, because the signal transmission distance will be weak), and other small cities can put a signal receiver and broadcasting system. Take CCTV 1 as an example. There is a signal transmission center in Beijing, which is very powerful and can cover the whole country. In order to avoid the interference of buildings on the ground, the position should be high. Put a signal repeater at intervals to strengthen the signal. Other cities such as Langfang, Shijiazhuang, Taiyuan, Hangzhou, Lanzhou and Urumqi will have a base station to receive signals and play models to local families. ?

In this way, ordinary families can watch such public broadcasting programs as long as they have an antenna. Like CCTV 1 in China, no matter where you are in China, you can watch it as long as you have an antenna. The same is true for CBS, NBC, abc, Fox, cw and pbs, which can cover more than 90% of the country. Of course, you can also watch some local radio programs in this way, for example, you can watch btv 1-6 in Beijing, and you can watch the West Lake Pearl Channel and the Education Science and Technology Channel in Hangzhou. ?

On the other hand, cable TV stations do not have such a wide coverage. After all, it is necessary to invest in building a public broadcasting network, such as transmitters, repeaters, base stations, transmission towers, various electronic equipment and concrete equipment. In fact, investing in equipment is only one reason, and more importantly, you have no construction qualification at all. Building a launching station in a place requires a lot of approval and the permission of the landowner. In today's era, these programs are almost impossible to complete. So cable TV is mostly connected to home by coaxial cable, so what is coaxial cable? It is a white cable connected to the back of a TV or set-top box. If the area is remote, sorry, cable TV can't be turned on, and the coverage of natural cable TV network is not as good as that of public wireless broadcasting network. ?

At present, the technical difference between public TV network and cable TV network is very vague. After all, in cities or developed suburbs, who still watches TV with an antenna? Most of them are wired access (mostly coaxial cables). The programs of these public stations (such as CBS and ABC) are packaged with the programs of cable stations (such as USA, TNT, FX and AMC) for viewers to subscribe. ?

2. What is the "income level" that distinguishes public TV stations from cable TV stations?

Traditionally, CBS, NBC, abc, Fox, CW and other TV stations make money by (commercial breaks+series DVD sales), while cable TV stations are divided into two categories, one is the United States, TNT, FX, AMC, science fiction, Disney, MTV, CNN, and the other is (family subscription fee+commercial breaks+series DVD sales). Second, like HBO, showtime, starz and Cinemax, they rely on (family subscription fee+DVD sales of series), that is, there is no advertisement. ?

What is the "scale level" that distinguishes public TV stations from cable TV stations?

The scale division of American TV stations mainly depends on whether children can watch it at will. Because the public TV station has a wide coverage, it can be received as long as it has an antenna, so the control is very strict, and it is forbidden to have any body shots and rude words. Even sh*t has only been allowed to appear on public programs in recent years, and f**k always has a beep. ?

As for cable stations, they are also divided into two categories, one is basic cable such as USA, TNT, FX, AMC, sci-fi, Disney, MTV and CNN, and the other is pay cable such as HBO, showtime, starz and Cinemax. As for the meaning of "basic cable" and "advanced cable", I will explain it slowly. Now all you need to know is that the cable station is also confidential. ?

Let me explain an English passage: "Traditionally, pay cable TV networks are loose in content, because they need cable TV converters to watch them, which makes it easier to restrict children's access to them. Therefore, people can find naked, strong language and even pornography on these networks. Although there are no FCC rules applicable to the content of basic cable TV networks, due to the expectations of viewers and advertisers, many basic cable TV networks will self-regulate their program content, especially in terms of language and nudity. " ?

The meaning of this passage is: "Because HBO, showtime and other pay cable TVs need set-top boxes to access (the program content is still encrypted), it is easy to restrict children's viewing, and the natural control is very loose. Fruit, foul language and even obscene content can appear in the program; As for the second type of TV stations, such as USA, TNT and FX, in fact, the FCC did not restrict them from playing adult content, but did not do so because of the expectations of viewers and advertisers, so the content scale was similar to that of public stations. " ?

In short, TV stations such as the United States, TNT, FX, AMC, science fiction, Disney, MTV, CNN, etc. have to live by advertising. If fruit content is broadcast, parents will object, ratings will drop, advertisers will quit, and income will decrease, so the broadcast scale will generally be self-disciplined. In fact, they often play some edge balls. ?

4. What is the "audience rating" that distinguishes public TV stations from cable TV stations?

Because the public station covers more than 90% of the United States, and the cable TV network only covers about 50%-80% of the United States (I can't say the exact number), it should be a public station in terms of ratings. Generally speaking, cable TV stations are like this, but there are some exceptions. ?

As far as CBS, abc, FOX, NBC and CW are concerned, Fox has gradually covered the whole country from 1986 and become a national radio and television network. It is really commendable that we can achieve today's achievements in just a few decades. The reason, of course, is the excellent program quality. As for NBC, as one of the three traditional radio and television networks, it was once brilliant in its early years, such as ER, Friends and Song Feichuan, but now it has gone from bad to worse, even its coverage is not as good as its cable station, or even its subsidiary, American Cable TV. What about CW? This sar bee is purely a positioning error. In the early years, WB TV and UPN merged into CW TV due to low ratings and financial difficulties. I just didn't expect the ratings to get worse after the merger. I think they have overlooked one thing: you are targeting teenagers, who don't watch TV much. It's hard to die without a rating. If not, it is estimated that CW would have closed down long ago. ?

It is normal that the ratings of cable TV stations are lower than those of public TV stations. However, some cable TV stations have developed quite well in recent years. For example, USA TV, a subsidiary of NBC, has a higher audience rating than NBC itself, as well as AMC's The Walking Dead this year and HBO's sopranos that year, with ratings no less than those of public television stations. ?

How much is the cable TV?

If you want to watch cable TV, you must subscribe. Who do you subscribe to? Accurately speaking, the TV stations mentioned above, such as USA, AMC, TNT, MTV and Disney, are actually "program providers". If you want to watch cable TV, you must pay the cable TV operator. So what is a "cable TV operator"? This is a bit like Ge Hua Youxian, who is in charge of cable TV access business. Coaxial cable access, line laying, signal management and other work must always be done by someone, and whoever does it is the "cable TV operator". ?

Ps: Now cable TV operators and program providers cross; ?

There are many "cable TV operators" in the United States, the largest two are Comcast and time warner Inc., followed by Cox Enterprises, Chatter Communications, Delfia and Cablevision, and the rest are small companies with a small share. Comcast is the largest cable TV operator in the United States, and it has left several parking spaces directly in time warner Inc. ... Why do I mention these names, because usually cable operators are also responsible for broadband access (anyway, the coaxial cable is idle). For example, Comcast is the second largest broadband operator in the United States, and most students who have studied in the United States should know the name Comcast. ?

How much is cable TV? Costs can be roughly divided into three categories. ?

The first category: basic cable ① (①), including signals from six public broadcast television networks (CBS, NBC, abc, Fox, cw, pbs) and about 20 cable channels, with a charge of $20/month, which is a package for the poor in the United States; ?

The second category: basic cable ②, also called extended basic, includes the signals of six public radio and television networks (CBS, NBC, abc, Fox, cw and pbs) and about 70 cable channels, but excludes HBO, showtime, starz and Cinemax. The cost is $70/month, which is a set meal for most American families. ?

The third category: high-quality cable TV. In addition to the second category, you can also customize channels such as HBO, showtime, starz, Cinemax, and even some pure adult channels. The fee paid depends on the channel you want to subscribe to.

6 American drama cost?

The first part mentioned that American TV stations can be roughly divided into three categories: public broadcasting network, basic cable and pay cable. Because of different audiences, such as public broadcasting networks (CBS, abc, Fox, NBC, CW) cover more than 90% of the country. Basic cable TV (USA, TNT, AMC, FX, syfy, Fox News Channel, etc. ) can visit less than 80% of the United States, while high-quality cable TV (HBO, showtime, starz, etc. ) is a selective subscription with low coverage, so in terms of their income, it is usually public broadcasting network >: basic cable & gt pay cable TV, but there is one exception, HBO. HBO's pure TV network revenue is higher than most basic cable categories, but it is still lower than the five major commercial public broadcasting networks. Yes, in terms of turnover, its TV network revenue is not even comparable to CW, but its profit may be uncertain. ?

Of course, the higher the income, the greater the confidence, and the more money TV stations are willing to spend on an American drama. In terms of average cost, it must be public broadcasting network >; Basic cable & gt high-quality cable, but specific to a single project, not necessarily. For example, the single drama of HBO is higher than that of basic cable or public broadcasting network, and the single drama of basic cable will be higher than that of public broadcasting network. ?

In 2002, the average cost of an American drama on public broadcasting network was 2 million dollars, and now it is about 3 million dollars, but when it comes to a single American drama, the difference is very big. For example, the cost of NBC's new drama Whitney this year can hardly reach 1.5 million, while the production cost and publicity cost of the first two episodes of Fox's new drama can reach 1.8 million. The factors that determine the cost of American TV series are: personnel salary, scene construction, consumables (such as car fire) and on-site shooting, of which the highest proportion is personnel salary and on-site shooting, as you can see. Charlie and Allen earned more than 3.2 million in one episode. There are many people in China, so you can take a historical drama and bring an army to use it for free. The United States is different. The extras who make soy sauce are not cheap, so American historical dramas look awkward. Look at HBO; Caesar returned from Gaul with no more than 30 troops, and Pompeii fled Rome with no more than 30 troops. ?

Seven local TV stations?

There is a set of closed-circuit television, two sets of closed-circuit television, ..., CCTV 12 sets, and provincial satellite TV stations all over the country. Then you may ask why there are so few public stations in the United States, only six, namely CBS, abc, Fox, NBC, CW and PBS. In fact, CBS, NBC and ABC each have about 200 substations. In addition to prime time, such as 8:00- 10:00 pm, abc channels in different cities can broadcast different programs at other times. In addition to these sub-stations of the public broadcasting network, every city or suburb has some local channels. Of course, the signals of these channels are limited to the local area. As long as you install an antenna on the TV at home, you can watch them at will, but now these channels are also packaged as basic cable TV. Some of these stations are similar to local stations in different cities in China, such as Education Channel in Hangzhou and Pearl Channel in West Lake. These stations are relatively large, and there are some smaller channels. ?

Two basic cable TV stations?

Eight basic cable TV cable stations in the United States?

As a subsidiary of NBC, I think American TV has done much better than NBC in recent years. It has many popular dramas in the United States and China, such as Searching for Medicine in the Sea, Smart Detective, Banning Notice and Golden Lawyer. It is also the one with the highest average ratings of cable stations. The ratings of 18-49 are higher than cw, and the quality of the series is not lost to public stations. At present, the mobile phone in the United States is Royal Pains, and the current audience can be stabilized at around 5.4 million. At the end of the play, 9.4 million viewers were closed, beating TNT's record of about 9.2 million, which has been maintained now. ?

What are the 9 basic cable lines of TNT TV?

As far as the average ratings are concerned, TNT can sit firmly in the second place, and it has a high popularity, and < wonder woman > and < Meteor > are a bit like ABC. The main plays are all women's plays. American TV stations are popular with two men, and TNT is popular with women. ?

10 basic cable AMC TV station?

In fact, before The Walking Dead, AMC TV's ratings had been poor. Although it was crazy to win the prize, the ratings could not go up. I didn't expect A to break the ratings and ratings maintained by USA and TNT's The End of Crime. I believe the future is boundless. ?

Syfy TV's 1 1 basic cable?

At first it was called science fiction, and later it was renamed syfy. In fact, from the name, sci-fi means science fiction, which means that syfy TV only focuses on science fiction dramas and super-power dramas. However, most of the audience who like science fiction are teenagers, and teenagers rarely watch TV. Therefore, although syfy has many great dramas and the average ratings are not high, students who like science fiction should not ignore these dramas because of the ratings. ?

12 basic cable MTV station?

From the name, MTV TV is a TV station specializing in music, but in recent years, it has also begun to broadcast some original dramas and reality shows. The audience are all young people, so the ratings of the play are not high, but the reality show, hehe, the new bee is dead. & lt Jersey Beach > Boring, vulgar, with a little H, but teenagers like this dish! There is also a new drama "teen wolf", which feels ok ~ ~! ?

13 basic cable TV FX TV?

Well, it's a favorite of cable TV stations. As a sub-TV station of Fox, its performance is very good. Although the ratings are a little different from USA and TNT, the reason is not that the quality of the series is poor, but that FX always likes to play some side balls and show a side chest and an upper skirt. Foreign exchange has been closed to very new bees; This is the top ten American TV series in Time magazine. And cartoons.

14 what is the mess of basic cable TV cable stations?

The rest of the basic cable TV is too specific, such as Disney Channel, which is mainly aimed at children and teenagers. Or the ratings are much worse than the above. For example, lifetime TV asked by Einstein is said to have many reality shows, but I'm sorry, I'm not familiar with reality shows and I don't understand them. However, the audience and popularity of the TV series "Life" are not so good. Now the most popular story in China is the story of a beautiful woman who died in her car and her soul bumped into a fat girl. I watched 7 or 8 episodes, which is not my favorite. Let's go find the fat woman Nima YY. Another example is A &；; E TV Station introduced it to their home in China some years ago. I don't know if you remember. Now a&; E TV station has ignition in China. The King of Prison Break, of course, is just a personal opinion. Everyone still has different views. It in the comedy center is also very popular in China, and I like it very much. My favorite cartoon. ?

There are other cable channels with high ratings, but as mentioned above, they are very specific, such as Fox News Channel, Disney Channel and ESPN. Actually, I still like Disney's children's dramas and some children's channels, such as, & ltIcarly & gt,< wizards of waverly place >,< Xiaozha and Cody > Wait a minute. These. ?