What is painting?

1. Painting. Use tools such as pens, inks, pigments and other materials to draw pictures or make other visual images on surfaces such as paper, textiles and walls.

2. Paintings or oil paintings.

Painting is the art of copying nature by hand on a two-dimensional plane. In medieval Europe, painting was often called "the art of monkeys", because just as monkeys liked to imitate human activities, painting also imitated scenes. Before the 20th century, the more realistic the painting, the higher the technology. But in the 20th century, with the appearance and development of photography technology, painting began to turn to express the painter's subjective self. Experts in painting sometimes can't see what it is, but they can definitely see who painted it. Every painter began to form his own unique style.

[Edit this paragraph] The origin of China's painting.

The history of China's painting can be traced back to the painted pottery patterns and rock paintings of Neolithic Age in primitive society. Although the original painting technique is naive, it has mastered the preliminary modeling ability, and can also master the main characteristics of animals, plants and other dynamic and static forms, so as to express the beliefs and wishes of our ancestors and beautify our lives.

Pre-Qin paintings have been recorded in some ancient books, such as historical figures in palaces, halls and temples in the Zhou Dynasty, lacquerware and bronze decorations in the Warring States period, and silk paintings unearthed in the State of Chu, all of which have reached a high level.

Qin and Han Dynasties were a centralized power in the early history of China, with a vast territory and strong national strength. The Silk Road has communicated the artistic exchanges between China and foreign countries, and the painting art has developed and prospered unprecedentedly. Especially in the Han Dynasty, heavy burial prevailed, and its tomb murals, portrait bricks, portrait stones and silk paintings with burial vividly shaped realistic, historical and mythical characters, which were dynamic and plot-like, and made great achievements in reflecting real life. His painting style is often bold and bold, with flowing brushwork, rough and bold, fine and magnificent, rich in content and colorful in form.

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, wars were frequent and people's livelihood was poor, but painting still made great progress. Suffering provided the soil for Buddhism to spread, and Buddhist art rose with great enthusiasm. For example, Qizil Grottoes in Xinjiang, Maijishan Grottoes in Gansu and Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang have preserved a large number of murals of this period, and their artistic attainments are extremely high. Due to the love and participation of the upper class in painting, besides craftsmen, a number of well-known upper class painters emerged, such as Gu Kaizhi. Metaphysics prevailed in this period, literati advocated elegance and freedom, painting history, painting theory and other works began to appear, and landscape painting and flower-and-bird painting began to sprout. Paintings in this period paid attention to the depiction of mental state and the expression of temperament, and paintings with literature as the theme became increasingly popular.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, national unity, relatively stable society, relatively prosperous economy and active foreign exchanges injected new opportunities into the art of painting. In terms of figure painting, although Western painting style is still popular in Buddhist murals, Wu Daozi, Zhou Fang and others' works with distinctive Central Plains painting style have an absolute advantage, and their national styles are becoming more and more mature. The landscape paintings and flower-and-bird paintings of Zhan Ziqian, Li Sixun, Wang Wei and Zhang Yong are neat and rich, and have achieved good results.

In China, the authenticity of painting reached its peak in the Song Dynasty in the12nd century, especially Guo's "Early Spring Picture" was the peak of realism, and then he began to express his subjective interest. Since Wang Wei was praised for painting in poetry and poetry in painting, the long tradition of literati painting has continued to this day. Since the Northern Song Dynasty, China's paintings have gradually paid attention to the formalism of pen and ink interest. For example, Wen Zhiming's painting is not to depict the scenery, but to accumulate various brushstrokes through the scenery. By the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty in the15th century, painters had begun to express themselves without paying attention to the description of the objective world. Instead, Badashanren, Yangzhou Baguai, Ren Bonian and Wu Changshuo all have strong self-styles, and no longer care about the authenticity of nature. Modern painters such as Qi Baishi and Zhang Daqian show their demeanor. Their paintings are not necessarily true, but no one can imitate the essence of their paintings!

After the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, China's painting art became more mature and complete, and its heyday appeared. The imperial court set up a painting academy, expanded its organization, recruited talents and awarded titles. Palace painting is in full swing, and scholars also regard painting as an elegant thing and put forward distinct aesthetic standards. Therefore, painters come forth in large numbers, and there are many excellent works. Moreover, it has formed an independent system in theory and creation, and its content, form and techniques are rich and wonderful.

With the development of painting in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, literati painting has made outstanding progress. On the theme, landscape painting and flower-and-bird painting occupy an absolute position. Literati painting emphasizes the expression of subjective feelings, "not seeking resemblance" and "not seeking worldly feelings", and does not cater to the aesthetic requirements of the public. It shows elegance and leisure interest by painting, advocates "learning from nature" and "the source of law", emphasizes the unity of personality and painting, and pays attention to the organic integration of pen and ink interest with poetry, books and seals, forming a unique painting style and emerging many outstanding painters.

China's painting is an important part of China culture, rooted in the soil of national culture. It is not only limited to appearance, but also emphasizes spirit likeness. It uses brush, ink and rice paper as special materials, constructs a unique perspective theory, boldly breaks the time and space restrictions, and has a high degree of generalization and imagination. This superb skill and means not only makes China traditional painting unique in artistic courage, but also is increasingly absorbed by modern art in the world.

[Edit this paragraph] The best painting

The oldest painting: 17000 years ago, animal murals in Lascaux cave, France.

Longest painting: It took Michelangelo four and a half years to finish this painting on the ceiling of Romasis Pavilion. The area of this painting is over 900 square meters.

The most expensive painting: Picasso's famous oil painting "The Boy with a Pipe" was auctioned at Sotheby's in new york, USA, and finally sold for a record $654.38+004 billion (including the extra expenses of bidders), becoming the "most expensive painting" in the world.

The largest painting: Elvis Presley's painting by American students in April, 1995, with an area of 7127.8m2..

The smallest painting: After years of artistic exploration and experiments, the painter Lv Dong has successfully created a subminiature oil painting. His 100-odd miniature oil paintings, with their unique aesthetic concepts and skillful skills, show the primitive living conditions of the mountain people in the western mountainous areas of China from many angles and sides. These exquisite art treasures have great artistic value and humanistic and historical value!

[Edit this paragraph] The classification of China's paintings

China's painting, parting strokes and freehand brushwork are two forms of expression. The meticulous brushwork is neat and meticulous, the color rendering is layered, and the details are clear and nuanced. It is necessary to describe objects with extremely delicate brushstrokes. Freehand brushwork depicts the shape and spirit of an object with concise and unrestrained pen and ink, and expresses the author's feelings. Freehand brushwork painting uses generalization, exaggeration and rich association in the object of expression. Although the pen is simple, it has far-reaching artistic conception and certain expressive force. It is necessary to have high generalization ability, implicit artistic conception that less wins more, accurate pen use, skillful and handy pen handling. These two styles of painting have existed since the Tang Dynasty. Some people are in between. They are engaged in writing. For example, in a painting, loose lines are freehand brushwork, pavilions and pavilions are meticulous brushwork, so that when the two are combined, the skills of using pen, ink and color can be exerted.

1, turquoise landscape painting

Turquoise landscape is a unique landscape type, which occupies an important position in ancient painting art. This kind of painting is mainly turquoise, with neat brushwork, meticulous brushwork, strong color and full of vitality. Colors are marked with stones, bluestones and green. The strong color is called big turquoise landscape, and the lighter color is called small turquoise landscape. They are painted with gold to outline the texture of rocks and make the picture magnificent. This is the so-called golden landscape.

2. Boneless painting

Those who draw the outline with ink are called boneless method, those who don't draw the outline are called boneless method, and they draw directly with colored ink. Later, the boneless method of painting landscapes was applied to painting flowers and birds, and colors were used directly instead of drawing outlines.

3, ink landscape painting

Ink landscape is the foundation laid by Wang Wei, a great poet in Tang Dynasty. The landscape of rocks is not expressed by color, but by the shade and dryness of ink. Wang Wei is an outstanding poet and landscape painter. He often writes poems about landscapes and paints them into pictures. Later generations said that there were paintings in his poems and poems in his paintings. In the Five Dynasties, ink painting made another leap, and began to express the effect with enamel, making the rocks more majestic. Xu Wei's freehand brushwork in Ming Dynasty developed ink painting techniques. When he splashed ink on the paper, several strokes were finished. His painting methods had a great influence on Shi Tao and Zhu Da (Badashan people) in Qing Dynasty. Both Zheng Banqiao in Qing Dynasty and Qi Baishi in modern times were influenced by Xu Wei.

4. Midian landscape painting

Midian landscape can also be classified as ink landscape, also known as Mi Jiashan water. Mi Fei used ink to express mountains and rivers, with dim tones, with thick and light ink, and with ink obviously similar to the model lake. Gao Hefang painted better in Yuan Dynasty. Dong Qichang and Lan Ying made outstanding achievements in the Ming Dynasty.

5, ochre ink landscape painting

Ochre is a sauce color, also known as pale crimson landscape. In Yuan Dynasty, Huang painted the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River in light colors. In order to express soft scenery, it uses shallow scenery. There are many landscape paintings in Ming and Qing dynasties, especially in Qing dynasty, when ancient paintings are yellow.

6, line drawing

In Chinese painting, objects are completely represented by lines, which is called "line drawing". There are two kinds of drawing lines: single hook and multi-hook. What draws a line at a time is called a single hook. Single hook uses one color ink, and some use two kinds of dark ink according to the object, such as light ink for flowers and strong ink for leaves. Re-tick is to completely tick with light ink first, and then decide to re-tick in part or in whole according to the specific situation. Re-ticked lines cannot be rigidly overlapped according to the lines of the original roads. The purpose of re-tick is to aggravate the changes of texture and light and shade, and make the image look more radiant. Sketch is a kind of expression technique with lines, ink lines, thickness, reality, lightness and rigidity. In Song Dynasty, Li played the role of line drawing in ancient traditional painting and created the technique of line drawing. Qian Xuan in Yuan Dynasty and Chen Hongshou's sketch in Ming Dynasty were both successful.

7. Finger painting

Finger painting, also known as finger painting, has a history of more than 300 years and is a sideline of Chinese painting. Finger painting, generally without or with little brush. The founder of historical records is Gao in Kangxi period in the early Qing Dynasty. There are more and more people who draw finger paintings in the future, and Pan Tianshou is one of them. His finger paintings are broad and profound, and the patterns are novel and elegant.

8. Border painting

Draw a picture composed of ink lines with a ruler in part or most of the painting. It mainly displays magnificent buildings, such as palaces, temples and pavilions. Wei Xian in the Five Dynasties and Guo Zhongshu in the Yuan Dynasty reached their peak. In Qing Dynasty, Yuan Jiang and Yuan Yue both painted boundary paintings.

9. Computer painting

Computer painting is different from ordinary paper painting. It is created by computer means and skills.

Computer painting is made by different software. The most commonly used softwares are sketchpad (in Windows), Kingsoft Painter, Go Your Own Way, Photoshop, painter and so on. Some painters also use high-end computer human input equipment (graphics tablet) for assistance, which can be said to be even more powerful.

There are many kinds and uses of computer painting, such as animation, comics, illustrations, advertising production, web page production, clothing design, architectural renderings, various schematic diagrams, demonstration drawings and so on. There are many more. The biggest advantage of computer painting is that the color processing is true, followed by the convenience of modifying deformation and color change, and the convenience of copying and amplifying. The production speed is fast, the preservation is durable, the transportation is convenient and the picture effect is peculiar. These advantages are particularly important when making animations and large billboards. Now, more and more people are interested in drawing with computers.

[Edit this paragraph] Basic knowledge of color

Color is a formal factor of painting and one of the languages of artistic expression, which has independent aesthetic value. How to know and master color and how to make color play a better role in painting needs to train intuitive visual ability and expressive ability in color sketch. At the same time, we should also understand the basic theoretical knowledge of color and master the usage methods and rules of color. Only by combining theory with practice can the two complement each other.

The essence of color

People live in a world of colors, and any scenery they see has its own different colors. Color affects people's psychology and physiology through the senses. In the field of aesthetics, color has become an important research topic.

What color is it?

Is color an inherent characteristic of an object? For example, people know the concepts of red flowers, green leaves, green hills, blue sky and green trees. /kloc-in the 7th century, British physicist Newton unveiled the mystery that color comes from light through scientific experiments and established the theory that light is the mother of color. His experimental method is: in a dark room, let the sun beam enter the room, and through the prism, decompose a colored light band arranged in order of red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue and purple, like a rainbow after rain. Optically, this is called the dispersion of light, and this is what we now know as the solar spectrum. This phenomenon occurs because the wavelength of light is different, so after passing through the prism, different degrees of light refraction will occur, and a light wave will produce a color. In the night without light, all kinds of color phenomena disappear, and only when light comes can everything reproduce color. Therefore, color is given by light (a feature of light) and light with different wavelengths visible to human eyes.