Select a world cultural heritage (or world natural cultural heritage) and world intangible cultural heritage, and expound their resources, characteristics and worldwide status.

Yungang Grottoes 1 In order to protect the world cultural and natural heritage, UNESCO officially adopted the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (hereinafter referred to as "the Convention") at its 17th General Assembly on November 16th, 1972. In 1976, the World Heritage Committee was established and the World Heritage List was established. China joined the Convention on December 12, 1985 and was elected as a member of the World Heritage Committee on October 29, 1999.

Places listed on the World Heritage List by the World Heritage Committee will become world-class scenic spots, which can receive assistance from the World Heritage Fund, and tourists can also be organized by the relevant units for sightseeing. Because the places listed in the World Heritage List can get the world's attention and protection, improve their visibility and produce considerable economic and social benefits, all countries actively declare "World Heritage".

Due to the increasing number of countries and projects declared as "World Heritage", there are 37 items. At the 26th meeting of the World Heritage Committee held on April 28th, 22, it was decided that in the future, the conditions for examining and approving the World Heritage will be more stringent, and a country can declare at most two heritages at a time (including at least one natural heritage nomination), and countries that have no World Heritage sites will have priority. World heritage includes four categories: world cultural heritage, world natural heritage, double heritage of world culture and nature and world cultural landscape.

[ Edit this paragraph] Nomination of Heritage

The State Party shall make every effort to submit to the World Heritage Committee a list of the heritages within its territory that are suitable for inclusion in the World Heritage List, and attach relevant information. The Heritage Committee entrusts the International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to evaluate the nominated cultural heritage and natural heritage respectively, and the cultural scenic spots in the cultural heritage are evaluated together to determine whether they meet the standards and authenticity conditions, and provide the final evaluation report. The Heritage Committee stipulated that the assessment should be as rigorous as possible. It also stipulates that when the Heritage Committee evaluates whether the nomination can be included in the World Heritage List, the representatives of the nominating government, whether they are members of the Committee or not, are not allowed to vote in favor of the heritage nominated by their own countries.

The form formulated by the Committee shall be uniformly used for the nomination of the estate, which requires a number of contents, mainly including the following:

First, the exact place: country; Province and city; Name of the estate; Maps and floor plans indicating the location and geographical coordinates of the heritage.

second, legal information: the owner of the heritage, public or private, laws and regulations related to the protection and management of this heritage, openness, management institutions and organizations.

third, explanatory materials: heritage description, charts, photos, film materials, historical situation and literature materials

fourth, preservation status: current situation description, protection management organization, previous preservation process, protection measures and local opening plan.

Fifthly, the reasons for proposing to be included in the list are: what stipulated standards are met, and the protection status of this site and the authenticity of the heritage are evaluated on the premise of comparing with other similar sites.

Sixth, nominate the special materials needed by buildings or sites: maps, topographic maps and floor plans with different contents and scales, various photos, slides and CDs, works on the research results of this heritage and information of relevant institutions, legal information on protection and information of management institutions at all levels.

[ Edit this paragraph] Procedures and status quo

It takes a long time from the nomination of a heritage to its inclusion in the World Heritage List. Before July 1st every year, the World Heritage Committee will deliver the official declaration text (including words, drawings, slides, photos, videos or CDs) of the preparatory projects that the country thinks are fully mature to the World Heritage Center in accordance with the strict format and content stipulated by the unified regulations. The World Heritage Center will transmit the relevant materials to international professional consulting institutions, which will conduct investigation and demonstration from the end of the current year to March and April of the next year, and submit an evaluation report to the World Heritage Committee. The World Heritage Committee holds a meeting of its Presidium (seven member countries) from the end of June to the beginning of July every year to preliminarily consider matters related to the World Heritage work, including new (last year's) World Heritage application projects, and make suggestions; Then a special meeting of the presidium will be held from the end of November to the beginning of December every year to supplement the unfinished matters of the first presidium meeting, and then relevant major events, including the approval of new world heritage declaration projects, will be submitted to the plenary session of the World Heritage Committee held immediately after the presidium meeting for adoption.

The procedures and timetable for handling applications are as follows: July 1, the deadline for accepting nomination applications. On September 15th, the Secretariat registered and asked for the missing materials. The application with complete materials will be submitted to the International Council of Monuments and Sites or the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, which will check again and ask for the missing materials. Before April 1, the two organizations conducted professional evaluation according to the standards set by the Committee and informed the secretariat of the results. There were three kinds of results: they recommended to be included in the directory without reservation; It is recommended not to be included in the list; It is not clear whether it is suitable for inclusion in the list. In April, the Secretariat checked the evaluation results and informed the members of the Committee. In June and July, the office of the Heritage Committee inspected the nomination application and made suggestions to the Committee. There were four suggestions: including it without reservation; Not included; Send it back to the applicant country for supplementary explanations and materials; The trial was postponed for further evaluation or study. From July to November, the Secretariat sent the suggestions of the Office to all member governments of the Heritage Committee and other governments concerned. If it is suggested to be included in the list, the secretariat will wait for the feedback from countries, and then transmit it to the member countries of the International Council of Monuments and Sites, the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and the Heritage Committee. If the required information is not received by October 1, the nomination will not be considered at the Committee meeting in December of that year. For the heritage that requires supplementary materials, if it is only the materials for checking the facts, it will be reconsidered that year. In December, the World Heritage Committee held a plenary meeting to review the nominations on the basis of suggestions from the Committee office, additional information provided by relevant countries, and evaluation reports of the International Council of Monuments and Sites and the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, and finally adopted a decision, and there were three kinds of decisions: inclusion; Not included; Postpone the review. In January, the Secretariat sent all the decisions of the December meeting of the World Heritage Committee to all governments. At this point, a round of declaration work is completed. In other words, it will take at least one and a half years to declare a new world heritage.

In 1978, the World Heritage Committee confirmed the first batch of 12 World Heritage Sites to be included in the World Heritage List. Since then, new heritages have been listed every year or every two years. The secretariat of the Heritage Committee, composed of officials in charge of UNESCO's heritage protection plan, has also started work. Since 1978, the Heritage Committee has considered the nomination of heritage every year. By the end of 27, there were 851 world heritages in the world, including 66 cultural heritages, 166 natural heritages and 25 dual heritages of world cultural heritage and nature [1].

From October 17th to November 21st, 1972, UNESCO held its 17th session in Paris, and adopted the Convention for the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage, which clearly defined the cultural heritage:

1. Cultural relics: buildings, stone carvings and paintings with outstanding universal value, archaeological elements or structures, inscriptions, caves and.

2. architectural complex: a single or connected architectural complex with outstanding universal value in terms of uniform distribution of architectural styles or combination with environmental scenery from a historical, artistic or scientific perspective;

3. Sites: human projects or joint projects between nature and people, archaeological sites and other places with outstanding universal value from the perspective of history, aesthetics, ethnology or anthropology.

In 1992, the World Heritage Headquarters was established in Paris, in order to be responsible for the coordination of world heritage-related activities, ensure the implementation of the Convention on World Heritage, hold an annual world heritage conference, suggest signatory countries to submit declaration lists, organize the international participation of the World Heritage Foundation, be responsible for relevant reports on the status of heritage sites, and take urgent actions when the heritage is threatened.

[ Edit this paragraph] List of 38 World Heritage Sites in China

By June 29, 38 cultural sites and natural landscapes in China had been listed in the World Heritage List, including 25 cultural heritages, 8 natural heritages, 4 dual cultural and natural heritages and 1 cultural landscape.

1. Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site 1987.12 Cultural Heritage

Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site is located in Longgushan, Zhoukoudian, Fangshan District, Beijing. It is famous for the relatively complete Peking man fossils unearthed in the 192s, especially the first Peking man skull found in 1929, which provided a solid foundation for Peking man's existence and became a milestone in the history of ancient human research. So far, human fossils unearthed include 6 skulls, 15 mandibles, 157 teeth and a large number of bone fragments, representing about 4 Peking man individuals. It provides a material basis for studying the early biological evolution of human beings and the development of early culture.

according to the study of cultural sediments, Beijingers lived between 7, and 2, years ago. The average brain size of Beijingers is 188 ml (the modern brain size is 14), and it is estimated that the height of Beijingers is 156 cm (male) and 15 cm (female). Beijingers belong to the Stone Age, and the main method of processing stone tools is hammering, followed by smashing, and occasionally anvil striking. Beijingers are also the earliest ancient humans who used fire, and they can hunt large animals. According to statistics, 68.2% of people in Beijing died before the age of 14, and less than 4.5% were over 5.

In 193, the ancient human fossils that lived around 2, years ago were unearthed at the top of Longgu Mountain, and they were named "cavemen". In 1973, a "new cave man" was discovered between the two eras, indicating the continuation and development of Beijingers.

2. The cultural heritage of the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, Gansu Province in December 1987

is commonly known as the Thousand Buddha Cave. Located on the cliff at the eastern foot of Mingsha Mountain, 25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province, it has five floors up and down and is about 16 meters long from north to south. It was first excavated in 366, and after more than ten dynasties from sixteen countries to Yuan Dynasty, a large-scale cave group with rich contents was formed. There are 492 caves, 45, square meters of murals, more than 2,4 colored sculptures, more than 4, flying figures, 5 wooden buildings in Tang and Song Dynasties, and thousands of lotus pillars and tiles. It is a profound comprehensive art hall composed of architecture, painting and sculpture, the largest and best-preserved Buddhist art treasure house in the world, and is known as the "Pearl of Oriental Art". At the beginning of this century, the Tibetan Scripture Cave (the 17th Cave of Mogao Grottoes) was discovered, which contained 5, to 6, pieces of scriptures, documents and cultural relics from the 4th to 1th centuries. It attracted great attention of scholars at home and abroad and formed the famous Dunhuang studies.

3. Shandong Taishan 1987.12 Dual Heritage of Culture and Nature

Taishan, the ancient name of Daishan, is also called Daizong. The natural landscape is magnificent, with thousands of years of infiltration and rendering of spiritual culture and contrast of humanistic landscape, and it is known as the epitome of Chinese national spiritual culture. In 1987, it was declared as a world natural and cultural heritage by UNESCO.

World Heritage experts found that Mount Tai is a magical mountain that combines natural science and historical and cultural values, with outstanding universal aesthetic and historical and cultural values.

4. Cultural Heritage of the Great Wall in December, 1987

The Great Wall in China is the greatest architectural project in the history of human civilization. It was built more than 2, years ago during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. After the Qin Dynasty unified China, it became the Great Wall of Wan Li. It was built on a large scale in Han and Ming dynasties. The vastness of its projects and the grandeur of its momentum can be called a miracle of the world. As time goes by, things have changed. Now, when you climb the ruins of the former Great Wall, you can not only witness the majestic posture of the Great Wall among the mountains, but also appreciate the great wisdom and courage of the Chinese nation in creating history.

In November, 22, the only water Great Wall in China, Jiumenkou Great Wall in Liaoning, passed the acceptance of UNESCO and was officially listed as a part of the Great Wall as a world cultural heritage.

5. Shaanxi Qin Shihuang Mausoleum and the Cultural Heritage of Terracotta Warriors and Horses in December 1987

Located 5 kilometers east of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province and 36 kilometers away from Xi 'an, it is the mausoleum of Qin Shihuang Ying Zheng. The mausoleum is divided into two parts: cemetery area and burial area. Covering an area of nearly 8 square kilometers, the cemetery has the dual functions of building outside and inner city, with a quadrangular cone-shaped enclosure with a slightly flat top and a height of 55 meters. It is not only the first imperial mausoleum in China history, but also the largest imperial mausoleum.

Since 1974, three pits where terracotta warriors and horses were buried have been found 1.5km east of the cemetery, and 8, terracotta figures, 1 chariots and tens of thousands of physical weapons have been unearthed. In 198, 2 large bronze chariots and horses were unearthed on the west side of the cemetery. It has aroused the shock and concern of the whole world and is known as the "eighth wonder of the world". At present, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum has been set up in pits 1, 2 and 3, and it is open to the public.

6. Imperial Palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties: Beijing Imperial Palace (Beijing) in December 1987 and Shenyang Imperial Palace (Liaoning) in July 24.

Also known as the Forbidden City, it was located in the center of Beijing, and was the imperial palace of Ming and Qing Dynasties, where 24 emperors successively ascended the throne. Founded in 146, it has been nearly 6 years. The Forbidden City is the largest and most complete ancient wooden building complex in the world, covering an area of 72, square meters, with a building area of about 15, square meters. It has more than 9, halls, among which the Hall of Supreme Harmony (also known as the Golden Throne Hall) is the place where the emperor held ceremonies such as enthronement, birthday celebrations and invasion. The Yellow Tile Red Wall, the Golden Jubilee, the White Jade Carved Column and the Palace Que of the Forbidden City overlap, which is the essence of ancient architecture in China. There are about 1 million precious cultural relics and works of art in the palace.

In July, 24, Shenyang Imperial Palace was listed in the World Heritage List as an extension of the cultural heritage of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

7. Anhui Huangshan 199.12 Dual Heritage of Culture and Nature

Huangshan is one of the most famous mountain scenic spots in China, which is located in the south of Anhui with beautiful scenery. Mountain Wei Te, exquisite stone, various poses. Lotus peak, the main peak, is 186 meters above sea level. The beauty of Huangshan lies in the "four wonders" of strange pines, strange rocks, sea of clouds and hot springs. Since ancient times, people who have visited famous mountains have thought that the beauty of Huangshan Mountain is no less than the Five Mountains. "When the Five Mountains return, they don't look at the mountains, and when Huangshan returns, they don't look at the mountains." "It's amazing to let him return from the Five Mountains." Tourists in past dynasties praised "the world's famous scenery is Huangshan Mountain", which means the grandeur of Taidai, the precipitousness of Huashan Mountain, the smoke clouds of Hengyue, the waterfalls of Kuanglu, the strange rocks of Yandang, the coolness of Emei and the combination of Huangshan Mountain. Huangshan is a scenic spot, with peaks as the body. Here, the peak Lin Ruhai, the skyscraper, the precipice are abrupt, and the valleys are vertical and horizontal, which is beautiful.

8. The natural heritage of Sichuan Huanglong National Scenic Area in December 1992

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