Some Questions about Ancient Hermits in China

Hello, landlord, the ancients advocated high morals and integrity, and did not bend their backs for five buckets of rice. Usually, hermits expect a wise master, such as Zhu Gekongming; Second, it was discouraged by the society at that time, so it was hidden between mountains and rivers; Third, I don't want fame and fortune, I just want to be happy between heaven and earth, so I'm not born.

Therefore, the ancients respected hermits, but also a yearning, so free and easy, temperament. But there is also a little helplessness.

Tao Yuanming's seclusion was a silent struggle against the society at that time. Tao Yuanming's thirteen-year official career ended with his resignation from pengze county. These thirteen years were thirteen years in which he tried, disappointed and finally despaired in order to realize his ideal and ambition of "helping the poor". Finally, the poem "Return to Xi Ci" shows the determination to break with the upper ruling class and not go along with the secular.

Judging from Tao Yuanming's recluse life, his recluse is different from other hermits in the Eastern Jin Dynasty who bought his name by recluse. He is a real hermit, a life choice, and a person who hates "the world is turbid" and "everyone is drunk".

The artistic style of Bao Zhao's poetry is elegant, bold and fantastic, but it was regarded as "dangerous custom" or "critical" at that time. First of all, judging from the ideological content and emotional appeal of the poem, Bao Zhao expressed the strong voice of the poor as a poor man, which was manifested as high-spirited agitation, impassioned and uncontrollable resentment. He described the frontier war, the conscription system, the life of homeless people, homesick women and abandoned wives, reflecting the sadness of ordinary people and unfortunate families; It is very distinctive to sympathize with the sufferings of the people and expose the extortion of the rulers and the corruption of bureaucracy. Secondly, Bao Zhao's poems, especially Yuefu poems, mostly benefited from the artistic experience of Yuefu in Han, Wei and Southern Dynasties in terms of artistic forms, expressive techniques and style characteristics. Among his existing 200 poems, Yuefu accounts for more than 80 poems, which are in various forms such as three words, five words, seven words and miscellaneous words. Some study Yuefu in Han and Wei Dynasties, and the titles of these works are all titled with the word "Dai" or "Quasi"; Some learn folk songs from the Southern Dynasties, such as three songs, seven songs by Cailing, five songs by Youlan and ten songs by Zhongxing. Learning folk songs was despised by Yan Yanzhi, a literary leader, and Bao Shi was also considered "vulgar". Among these popular poems, Bao Zhao, with his bold and vigorous brushwork, is "generous" (Liu Xizai's A Brief Introduction to Artistic Poems), giving vent to his lonely feelings of generosity, grief and indignation, so he is regarded as "dangerous" or "urgent". However, the facts in the history of literature prove that the achievements of Bao Zhao's poetry far exceed those of the "literati" represented by Yan Yanzhi. His poems, with their fierce momentum and unique charm of "shocking the audience", not only stood out at that time, but also conquered many readers and poets of his time and won the praise of later poets and poetics. For example, Du Fu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once called Li Bai "Jun Yibao joined the army" ("Spring Back to Li Bai"). In the Song Dynasty, "Bao Zhao was as hungry as an eagle and too proud" (poetry review); The Ming Dynasty said, "I made great efforts to govern the country, and it was as fierce as five tripods to cut mountains and create the world. When it is proud, it goes straight ahead, profligate, and there is no impregnable wall. The steed is light and the sable is light, the bow and dagger are carved, and the autumn wind is setting in Pingshan. You can think about where this gentleman's spirit is "("General Theory of Poetry and Mirror "); In Qing Dynasty, Liu Xizai said that "Bao Mingyuan's Poems of Mingyuan is quite similar if it moves to comment on Mingyuan's poems" and "Mingyuan surprises others" (An Introduction to Art and Poetry), all of which fully illustrate the prominent position of Bao Zhaoya's artistic style in the history of China's poems.

What is particularly commendable is that Bao Zhao imitated and studied Yuefu, and after full digestion, absorption and creation, he not only gained style and created his own style, but also developed seven-character poems and created seven-character styles. He enriched the form of seven-character style with rich content.