17th century Dutch landscape painting still painting

The Dutch, who strive for freedom and independence, love the country where they live and like paintings depicting the motherland. In this situation, a large number of landscape painters came into being, and through their efforts, Dutch landscape painting flourished. Like other schools of painters, these painters have their own areas of expertise, and everyone tends to stick to their own popular themes and dig repeatedly in this range. As we know, French and Italian painters who were engaged in the creation of ideal landscape paintings in the17th century all drew landscape paintings from memory or sketched in the studio. Although Dutch landscape painters are more faithful to the real nature, they are also engaged in creation in the studio, and it is a long time before they really face the sketch creation in real life.

Jan Van Goyen (L596- 1656) is the first generation landscape painter, who is good at expressing river scenery. His masterpiece Country Scenery (about 1645) truly reproduces the natural features of the Netherlands. Clouds occupy most of the picture, and the low pressure on the horizon brings the audience closer to the scene by the river. This composition method has become a common technique in Dutch landscape painting.

Pieter Saen Redam (L597-1665) was a very special painter at the same time as Goyan. Most landscape painters describe the natural scenery in the open air, and when expressing architecture, they often describe the appearance. Saenledam is different. He likes to show the interior of the building. Looking at his works, such as St. Bavo's Church with white walls (1660), we can appreciate the spirit of Dutch Protestantism advocating simplicity. In such an environment, it is impossible to produce art like Italy. Saenliedam's ability to reproduce architectural space has been fully exerted in his series of works depicting the interior of the church.

The representative figures in the heyday of Dutch landscape painting are jacob van ruisdael (1628/1629-1682) and his student Hobema (1638- 1700).

Lesdale was born in Harlem and moved to Amsterdam in 1657, where he accepted many disciples including Hobema. Lesdale painted all kinds of themes. In those landscape paintings with not so rich colors, he vividly conveyed the changing natural form, light and atmosphere, and integrated subjective feelings into objective scenery. Scenery in Harlem (about 1670) shows the scenery in the suburbs of the city with an open composition. Clouds are moving in the high sky, and sunlight is projected from the clouds, which makes the scenery on the ground have a strong contrast. The whole work is vivid and dramatic.

Wake's windmill (1665)

Compared with famous teachers, Hobema's paintings are more peaceful. His masterpiece MiddleHanis Avenue (1689) has classical balance and clarity, and the composition processing strongly shows the passage of space, which makes people feel immersive and becomes a model of perspective.

← Middlehannis Avenue (1689)

Still life painter

Still life painting, as an independent painting variety, was established and became popular in17th century. Although still life painting appeared as early as ancient Rome, Italian painters who inherited the classical tradition during the Renaissance never took it seriously. Under the influence of this attitude, many painters in the17th century still rarely engage in still life creation, except the Netherlands. Because the Dutch who love family life have a sense of things related to this.

Interest has prompted many Dutch painters to invest in still life painting, thus making this painting school occupy a place in the history of art.

Clake (Peter Klitz,1597/1598-161) and Haida (William Klitz Hoda, L599-1680//kl) who work in Harlem. The breakfast products of the former (1637) and the still life of the latter (about 1648) can make people see their similarities and differences.

Younger than them, Jan Davidsz Deheem (L606-1683/1684) is also a famous still life painter. Compared with the two painters mentioned above, his paintings have a wider range of subjects and are easier to compose.

Born in Rotterdam, William Cave (L 6 19- 1693) is probably the most outstanding still life painter in the Netherlands. He is mainly engaged in creative activities in Amsterdam. Kraft's works are famous for their good use of light and cloth colors, which are general and simple on the whole, and seem to combine some characteristics of Rembrandt and Vermeer to some extent.

By the way, Rembrandt is not a painter of still life paintings, but his masterpiece, Cow Skinned (1655), is a masterpiece of still life paintings, from which the drama passion and commemorative momentum are beyond the reach of the above-mentioned still life painting experts.