Does anyone know more about Hasselblad cameras? Introduce it or show it to the website.

Hasselblad, which is famous for producing medium format single lens reflex cameras, was founded in 184 1. Originally, it was a small shop dealing in groceries, clothing and portrait materials. 1887 began to deal in photographic photosensitive materials, and 1908 became the general agent of Kodak Company in Sweden. The production of cameras began in victor hasselblad.

Born in victor hasselblad, Gothenburg, Sweden, 1906, he was keen on bird photography as a teenager and was familiar with Leica, Condex, Gra Flex and Lulai cameras on the market at that time. His dream is to be a "single lens reflex camera with replaceable lens, film box and viewfinder".

After the outbreak of World War II, the Swedish Air Force learned his advanced camera design ideas from victor hasselblad's articles and ordered cameras for reconnaissance. So Hasselblad made the first aerial camera-HK7 in 194 1 year, and then designed and manufactured SKA4, SKA5 and MK80 cameras for the army. From 194 1 to 1945, Hasselblad delivered 36 cameras to the Swedish Air Force and Army.

Hasselblad's first medium format single lens reflex camera 1600F was born in 1948, marking the beginning of Hasselblad's camera entering the field of general photography. Its reliable performance and excellent imaging quality not only won the favor of professional photographers, but also attracted the attention of NASA. 1969, Apollo spacecraft flew to the moon for the first time. The photos of the first man landing on the moon were taken with Hasselblad camera, which became more famous.

In the development history of medium format cameras, Hasselblad's position is also decisive: he took the lead in adopting the inter-mirror shutter and realized the flash synchronization speed of 1/500 seconds; The earliest use of automatic contraction aperture, get rid of the cumbersome aperture; Its shape design has not changed much for decades, but the improvement of internal structure and the increase of functions have spawned many new models. Today, its brand and technology have become an eternal classic in the history of human camera development!

First, the early F series cameras

1948101October 6th is the most unforgettable day for Hasselblad. On this day, the first Hasselblad medium format SLR camera 1600F (Figure 1) was listed in new york, USA. The combined structure initiated by Hasselblad, with shutter speed as high as11600 seconds, attracted people's admiration. 1600F adopts a metal curtain shutter, and the shutter speed can be adjusted clockwise or counterclockwise by pulling out the knob on the right side of the fuselage, and the shutter is wound when it is retracted inward and rotated forward. There is no mechanical contact between the lens and the connecting ring of the fuselage. You need to focus with a full aperture, otherwise the viewfinder is too dark; Before exposure, it is necessary to reduce the aperture to a preset value, otherwise it will be overexposed. 1600F has obvious defects, especially the high-speed shutter accuracy is not high. Victor is an accomplished photographer and naturally understands what these defects will bring. For many years, he devoted himself to improvement. 1000F (Figure 2) produced by 1953, the maximum shutter speed is reduced to11000 seconds, and the shutter speed rotation adjustment is changed from bidirectional to unidirectional, which greatly improves the shutter accuracy and the durability of the shutter knob.

Second, the ultra-wide angle S series camera

Aberration and distortion correction of wide-angle lens of SLR camera is a technical problem. At that time, due to the underdevelopment of aspheric surface technology, optical correction encountered greater limitations. Hasselblad, on the other hand, found another way, using paraxial framing and abandoning the reflector, so that the lens group behind the lens can be closer to the focal plane, and the distortion correction effect is very ideal. 1954 Hasselblad released a SWA wide-angle camera based on this technology (Figure 3). This camera with a paraxial viewing angle and a very short body fixes a 38 mm lens with a very wide viewing angle on the body (equivalent to the focal length of 135 camera of about 22 mm). SWA imaging is particularly Ming Rui, with high resolution, wireless distortion and rich layering, and the image quality can be comparable to that of a wide-angle lens of a 4×5 landline. SWA camera became a hit at 1954 Cologne Photographic Equipment Expo and became the focus of news media. SWA's C lens was changed to CF lens at 1982, and the top-level lens was changed to viewfinder, which was called SWC/M type after modification (Figure 4). Later, the latest model was called 903SWC, and the price was as high as 46,000 RMB. This is the only medium format camera with fixed lens in Hasselblad.

Three, 500 series "backbone" type 503

1957 is an important turning point in Hasselblad's development. The first camera of Hasselblad 500 series, 500C, took the lead in adopting the blade shutter between mirrors to automatically shrink the aperture lens. Although the highest shutter speed is reduced from11000 seconds of 1000F to 1/500 seconds, the shutter accuracy and shutter life are obviously improved. Compared with the previous 1/30 second synchronization of 1600F, the first full-scale flash synchronization is really a qualitative leap. It is worth mentioning that the first inter-mirror shutter automatically shrinks the aperture lens, which is a revolution in the manufacturing technology of medium format cameras and gets rid of the complicated operation procedures of focusing and shooting. 500C created 500 classic series, which was an important historical turning point for Hasselblad to occupy the beachhead position of medium format camera, and it made Hasselblad stand firm in the fierce market competition. In all fairness, 500C still has some unsatisfactory places, such as the viewfinder is not bright enough; When the focal length is longer than 150 mm, the viewfinder cannot display the whole image, etc. But these are all flaws. 1970 500C/M model, the focus screen is changed to be replaceable; 1982 CF lens replaced the C lens, making the 500 series more mature. 1988' s 503CX (Figure 6) replaced 500 C/m ... This is the most important backbone of the 500 series-the first generation camera of the 503 series. For the first time, the 503CX adopted the "flash exposure system with focus and leveling behind the mirror" (TTL) and introduced Minolta's Acute Matte-D focusing screen technology to make the viewfinder brighter. At the same time, professional flash Proflas combined with 503CX makes Hasselblad mechanical camera more widely used. 503CX continued to be improved, and the second generation model 503cx Ⅰ (Figure 7) of 1994 503 series came out, with the following features:

1, which increases the diameter of the shutter key, making it feel softer and less hand-shaking. Cancel the quick lock button of 503CX to avoid accidentally locking the shutter during operation.

2. Improve the winding crank, and change the I-type forward crank of 503CX into the detachable E-type crank (this is the key point, I can install the accessory CW winder produced by 1996 in 503CX, but not in 503cx).

3. Improvement of the fuselage base. A 3/8-inch screw hole is added to the fuselage base of 503cx Ⅰ Ⅰ, which is adaptable to various tripods. And a plastic tray is added at the bottom to prevent the fuselage from being damaged.

The docking station added to the 4.503CX fuselage can accommodate 6×4.5 and panoramic baffles.

Hasselblad introduced the 503CW in 1996 (Figure 8), and its appearance made the 503 series fully mature. The machine adopts the sliding mirror system (GMS) for the first time. Every time the shutter is wound, the reflector will slide down by about 3 mm in the process of falling back, so that the viewfinder can display the whole image completely when using a lens with a focal length greater than 150 mm or using an extension ring and a leather cavity. The 503CW is equipped with a CW winder introduced at the same time, and has the following shooting modes: S- single shot; C- continuous shooting of 0.8 frames per second; M- multiple exposures; Remote control shooting. The infrared remote control in the range of 10 meter is very practical for macro photography, which is a pioneering improvement on mechanical cameras. 503CW also has the function of pre-lifting mirror, which is particularly convenient and practical when using RC mode. Equipped with CW film winder, when shooting in hand, the index finger of the same hand releases the shutter due to the heavy grip of the right hand, which reduces the hand shock of releasing the shutter. The development of CW winder makes the 503 series reach the peak.

Four. EL types in 500 series

As far as mechanical cameras are concerned, electric film-passing does have certain practical value. For example, the photographer can pay full attention to the constant changes of the subject and strive for the opportunity to seize the wonderful moment. As early as the early 1960s, Hasselblad devoted himself to this development. After several tests, the first 500EL (Figure 9) was launched at 1965. On the basis of 500C, 500EL is equipped with an integrated electric film winding motor, which realizes the automatic film passing of 1.2 sheets per second. The launch of 500EL immediately attracted the attention of NASA and was later selected as a space model. In addition to Hasselblad's reliable performance and excellent image quality, EL model is more suitable for astronauts wearing thick gloves. 1969, Apollo spacecraft completed the first trip to the moon. The photos of astronauts landing on the moon recorded in the history books of mankind are masterpieces taken by Hasselblad 500EL/70 camera.

197 1 500EL/M, the focus screen can be replaced; 500ELX in 1984 adds TTL；; The 553ELX of 1988 was replaced by Minolta sharp fog focusing screen, and the enlarged reflector (different from GMS) allowed the viewfinder to display the whole image completely with a telephoto lens. 1996, after the launch of CW electric winder, both 503CX and 503CW can be equipped with CW winder to realize electric winder, but it is 0.4 frames slower than 553ELX per second, and the advantages of EL series are being lost. Hasselblad couldn't bear its demise, and launched the 555ELD, which can replace the digital back, with Hasselblad IR remote control, and can shoot remotely. Hasselblad 555ELD conforms to the development trend of digital photography, and the EL series has once again attracted the attention of photography.

V. 500 Series "Branches" Type C

The "elder" of the 500 series is 500C, and the 500C/M of 1970 has little change, but the branch-503cx is an "upgraded version" and 50 1C is an improved version of the same level (produced by 1994). Compared with 500C/M, the fuselage of 50 1C has no winding/shutter release indication window. The shutter forward crank is I-type and can't adapt to the CW winder (this may be the "worthy" rating set by Hasselblad deliberately). The latest version of 50 1C is 50 1CM (figure 10), which adopts a sliding mirror system, and the head of the machine is CB. Compared with CF lens, the lens group is slightly simplified, and the "F" block is omitted, but Hasselblad claims that "CB series lenses are equivalent to CFI and CFE series lenses, each with CF lens. Compared with 503CW, 50 1CM omits TTL function.

50 1CM is the most cost-effective camera in the whole Hasselblad medium format system, and was once rated as one of the top ten cameras with excellent cost performance in the world.

Six, the new 2000 series

In the 1970s, cameras began to develop in the direction of electronization. In order to adapt to the new historical trend, Hasselblad has made great efforts, but at the same time he is unwilling to give up the idea of original design. The 2000FC (figure 1 1) published by 1977 is such a "contradictory" model-although an electronic focus shutter of 1/2000 seconds is added, the basic frame remains unchanged: there is no built-in metering and automatic exposure function. The defect of 2000FC is that the metal curtain shutter is easy to be damaged and wrinkled when loading and unloading the back. (Now Kiev 88 also has this problem. Hasselblad quickly made improvements after receiving complaints from users. 2000FC/M is an improved version later introduced. The ingenious design solves this problem-when the body is removed from the back, the shutter will automatically retract into the body to protect the curtains from damage.

The main advantage of the 2000 series still comes from the matching lens. At that time, Carl Zeiss's lenses called "F" were all newly designed, which had the advantage of larger aperture (except the opening, which was larger than the "C" lens of the same model). At the same time, model 2000 is compatible with C series lenses. Later, in 2003, FCW only added an electric propeller to the winding handle, and the development of the 2000 model ended.

Seven, Hasselblad's 200 series

After the exploration of model 2000, Hasselblad has accumulated initial experience in camera electronization, laying the foundation for real electronization. 205TCC (figure 12) is the first generation of top-class camera with electronic control focal plane of Hasselblad. In order to cooperate with various controls, the fuselage, lens and back are all brand-new designs. The newly designed lens has a built-in photometry database, and there are four electronic contacts at the interface for information exchange. 205TCC and its accessories are marked with double blue lines, which are identified by TCC. The shutter speed of 205TCC is from 16 seconds to 1/2000 seconds, which is extremely accurate. The reading area of spot metering is 1% of the whole image area, and the photosensitive sensor is completely free from the interference of external stray light. The reading range of the metering system is 20EV light value. 205TCC has multiple exposure modes, some of which can be programmed separately. It has automatic exposure mode, analysis light-dark contrast mode and area metering mode-all of which can be preset by the camera's optional shutter speed and automatic exposure. Manual adjustment, also connected to the metering system. At the same time, 205TCC can be adapted to Hasselblad F-type electric film winder to realize automatic film passing per second 1.3 sheets.

20 1F is the simplest model of 200 series, with the highest shutter speed of11000 seconds. No internal metering and automatic exposure. The only advantage is that a large aperture lens can be used and an F-type electric film winder can be installed. 203FE also has a regional metering system, and the fuselage price is about FCC7000 yuan lower than that of FCC.

202FA is the most cost-effective camera in the 200 series. Compared with Hasselblad 203FE, the main difference is that the maximum shutter speed is reduced from 1/2000 seconds of 203FE to11000 seconds. 202FA promises to provide more functions than the previous Hasselblad 200 series at a low price. 205FCC (figure 13) is the second generation top camera of the 200 series. Compared with the first generation of top-distribution machine 205TCC, its remarkable progress is firstly manifested in programmed metering area positioning, programmed flash output and programmed automatic film exposure. The variable (additional F winder) is 1/4 gear.

The shutter speed of 205FCC is increased from 16 seconds-1/2000 seconds of 205TCC to 34 minutes-1/2000 seconds; In automatic exposure mode, the maximum exposure time is 90 seconds. The new self-timer integrates the pre-lifting function of the mirror and indicates the photometric data when using the C or CF or CFI lens. The exposure meter can control the shutter speed in the range of 90 seconds-1/2000 seconds, and press the shutter button lightly to store the current exposure value.

205FCC is omnipotent. Its partition metering is very practical. The metering function of zoning method is to measure the reading of any part by 1% spot metering, lock it, that is, display it as a medium gray area, and then adjust it to any part by a button, so that it can be concluded which area the part should belong to in zoning method, and use different modes for automatic exposure with aperture priority. 205FCC extends the functions of 205TCC, with more modern modeling and more convenient operation.

Eight, dedicated camera and the latest 35 mm dual camera.

Hasselblad has two macro lenses, CFI120mf/4 and CF 135mm f/4, which can shoot images as large as 1: 1, but the limitation of depth of field limits its application, especially in advertising photography. So Hasselblad launched a special medium format camera FlexBody at 1995.

The body of FlexBody is equipped with a retractable leather cavity, and the adaptive lens is Hasselblad's original inter-mirror blade shutter lens (C, CF, CB, CFI, CFE), and it is also adapted to Hasselblad's original accessories. The weight of the fuselage is 1400g. For the old customers of Hasselblad camera, just buy a fuselage.

FlexBody can control the depth of field and move the axis 15 degrees. However, after moving the axis, it is difficult to maintain the picture quality due to the lack of lens image field (mainly the edge is far from the center). Therefore, Hasselblad Company introduced the improved ArcBody (figure 14) of special camera in 1997, which solved this problem with the Rotundus lens of 4×5 inch studio. ArcBody's body can be adapted to Hasselblad's back and viewfinder, but the four-claw bayonet of the front frame makes it impossible for the original lens to carry ArcBody.

ArcBody-adapted lenses are equipped with inter-mirror shutter, shutter speed 1- 1/500 seconds, B-gate and T-gate. A stable red cable is released and fixed on the lens. With Hasselblad PME90, the internal metering function that ArcBody lacks can be increased. Compared with FlexBody, ArcBody still has excellent image quality after shifting axis 15 degrees, but it is not compatible with Hasselblad's original lens, which greatly reduces its application scope and becomes a more "professional" special camera.

Hasselblad wide-format dual-system camera Xpen was first launched at the Cologne World Photographic Equipment Expo on 1998. It is Hasselblad's first 35mm paraxial camera, which soon caused a sensation in the professional market again. The author once wrote an article "New Concept of Dual System Camera" to introduce this camera, so I won't go into details here.

After half a century's deduction, Hasselblad camera finally formed the above series. Up to now, the following series are still being produced: 500 series: 50 1CM, 503CW, 555ELD；; 200 series: 202FA, 203FE, 205FCC；; Super wide angle, special purpose and wide range series: 903SWC, FlexBody, ArcBody, Xpen. In addition, Hasselblad has two cameras engaged in measurement photography: Hasselblad MKWE and MK70 (Figure 15). Hasselblad has the largest and most complete medium format camera system in the world, accounting for half of the medium format cameras.

Victor hasselblad died in 1978, but the camera kingdom named after him is still growing. (Wang Jianxin)