What is the occupation of Joseph Nissefer Niepce?

Nipps (1March 7, 765-1July 5, 833) was a French inventor.

The first photo recognized in the world was taken by Nipps in 1827, but now it is recognized that the inventor of photography in the world is French louis Daguerre. Nipps, a photographer, has never been noticed by the public. At that time, there were many problems to be solved in the production of photography. As early as Aristotle and China Mozi's time, people discovered the mystery of pinhole imaging. Until today, the principle of pinhole imaging is still applicable to photography, but the important reason that hindered photography production at that time was that a method of saving images had not been invented.

Chinese name: Joseph Nissefer Nipps.

mbth:Joseph nice phor EnièPCE

Alias: Nieps

Nationality: France

Place of birth: Sharon-sur-Loire.

Date of birth: 1765 March 7th.

Date of death:1July 5, 833

Occupation: inventor

Major achievements: the first photographer in the world.

Masterpiece: Out of the window

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Joseph Nicephore Nieps (French: JosephNicéphoreNièpce,1765 March 7-1833 July 5), "NiePS" is also translated as "Niepce", a French inventor.

1765 On March 7th, Nipps was born in a wealthy family in Salon on the River Thorne, a small French city. He was a printing technician who loved inventing. Since 1793, he has been experimenting with photosensitive materials that can permanently preserve images.

1825, Nipps entrusted CharlesChevalier, a French optical instrument manufacturer, to make optical lenses for his cameraobscura. 1827 (it is said to be 1826), the photographic materials he invented were put into a cassette, and the first photographic work in history was shot and recorded. The work was shot in his home in Burgundy, France. 1829 reached a cooperation with louis Daguerre to learn photography together. 1833, Niepce died unexpectedly. 1839, the French Academy of Science and Art announced that louis Daguerre had obtained a patent for photography.

Invention course

18 16, Nipps and his brother successfully recorded a non-permanent "negative image" with a camera box and silver chloride photographic paper, but what he wanted was a positive image so that it could be printed in ink after etching.

1822, Nipps took the photo "Articles on the Table" with a glass plate coated with asphalt. Unfortunately, the original has been lost, leaving only copies, and the exposure time is dozens of hours, which lacks practical value. This is just a little overture he invented.

/kloc-around 0/826, Nipps entrusted CharlesChevalier, an optical instrument dealer, to make an optical lens for his cameraobscura, and made the world's first camera. This summer, after trying a variety of materials, he finally decided to use asphalt as a photosensitive material because it will harden permanently after exposure. He coated the lead-tin alloy plate with a mixture of ash and asphalt to make a photosensitive metal plate. Niepce put it in the camera, exposed it to the window in his attic for 8 hours, then washed away the unexposed white asphalt mixture hardened with lavender oil, exposing the dark black of the metal plate, and got the positive image of the scenery outside the window: pigeon cage on the left, warehouse roof in the middle, and a corner of another house on the right. Nipps successfully took the first photo of Zhang Yongjiu in the history of photography, which he called "sunshine etching".

Due to long exposure, both sides left traces of sunshine, which was recognized as the world's first "out of the window" photo and kept in the French Museum. Niepce called his method "sunlight etching", which was more than ten years earlier than Daguerre photography.

Scientists at the Getty Research and Protection Institute in the United States recently conducted an all-round analysis of this oldest photo in the world and concluded that this photo has been well protected. Scientists are designing a sealed box filled with inert gas to keep this photo for hundreds of years. This photo was last exhibited in public at 1898, and then disappeared for a while, until 1952 reappeared.

Scientist Dusen Sturrick said: "If you think about the whole history of photos and the development of movies and TV, you will find that they all started from this first photo. This photo is the ancestor and source of all these technologies. It is precisely because of this that it is so wonderful. "

Niepce should be called the real inventor of photography, just because he didn't disclose his secrets in time, so he missed the opportunity to enjoy the title of inventor.

1827, Nepps came to England with his masterpiece, hoping to be recognized by the Royal Society, but he failed to do so.

Nieps met Daguerre on 1829, and they reached a cooperation to jointly promote the research and improvement of photography. Unfortunately, on July 5th, 1833, Niepce died suddenly at the age of 68.

Consequence dispute

His research results were inherited and developed by his collaborators. In 1839, Daguerre Silver Plate Photography, Nipps's name was omitted, and Daguerre won the title of inventor of photography, which made him rich and his honorary works spread to future generations. Nipps was down and out all his life, and only a broken original and a copy he painstakingly invented were handed down from generation to generation, failing to get its due status.

Although his heirs obtained the ownership of the invention and the prize money through legal means, Nipps's name was always hidden behind the dazzling aura of Daguerre, which seemed bleak and lonely.

Photography includes two important conditions: camera and photosensitive material. The principle of camera is "pinhole imaging", the principle of photosensitive material is the chemical reaction of substances after light irradiation, and the invention of photography is the invention of camera and photosensitive material. Daguerre, a French photographer, is recognized all over the world, which has become the theorem of photography circle, but some people put a halo on him, which is unfair. The first "photo" in the world was not created by Daguerre, but by his partner Nipps.

It is said that in his hometown, people erected a monument for him and called him the first photographer.

relevant information

After Daguerre Photography announced the birth of photography in 1839, Daguerre, the inventor of photography, received an annual allowance of 6,000 francs, and Nipps's son also received 4,000 francs.

In 2002, another paper image made by Nipps in 1825 was found in France, which was a print of a boy holding a horse. Many people think that this photo is earlier than his "Out of the Window" and should be "the first one in the world".

However, according to research, this kind of "photo" is actually a kind of "dry printing", which covers the printed works on the photosensitive metal plate as a "negative", obtains the concave-convex image through "reproduction", and then uses it as a printing plate to transfer the ink to the paper by gravure printing technology.

Although it was not taken with a camera, it can't be called a photo, but this is the first attempt of printing plate making by photosensitive technology, which is of great significance in the history of printing.

This print was later auctioned by Sotheby's for 443,220 euros, but the beneficiary was not the descendant of Nipps. Perhaps it is doomed that he only has a working life without happiness.

Social assessment

Among the inventors of photography history, Nipps and Daguerre are two key figures. If it were not for some accidental factors that brought them together, the invention and global promotion of photography would be delayed for many years, and the whole history of photography would be rewritten.

The cooperation between Daguerre and the Niepce family has always been accompanied by the struggle for fame and fortune, as Sima Qian said: "The world is bustling, all for profit; The world is bustling, all for profit. " In any case, we should pay tribute to the contributors to photography!

20 19, 12, in the "Commemorating the Birth of Photography 180th Anniversary" held in Kemei, josephnice phorenièPCE was selected as the Birth of Photography180.