What are the functions of several writing methods of narrative?

3. If you want to emphasize a person's changing process in your article, you can write "He has changed", "Zhang Xiaobao's new story" and "The prodigal son never changes his money". 4. If you emphasize the relationship and communication between the two people, you can write "the days we walked together", "best friends" and "unforgettable friendship". There are many forms of composition topics from the perspective of characters, except for common blunt words. Speak: "Teacher, listen to me-"; Admire: "He is good"; Statements, such as "I know him best". Here we just talk about some traditional ways of writing questions, in order to prevent students from simply seeking novelty and novelty, and finally harm the text with questions. Realizing the innovation of the topic is a big topic, please continue to pay attention to our smart learning network. Step 6: Selecting Materials In the last article, we mentioned the common problems of students in selecting materials. It can be said that selecting materials is a hurdle in writing narratives. We say that innovation in material selection can not only create perfect characters, but also pay attention to the fact that innovation in material selection does not mean describing the dark side of society. Generally speaking, our article should be positive. The teacher who marked the papers hated those unrealistic big and empty materials, such as writing that my father took me to the hospital by bike in the snowstorm. This kind of thing is almost impossible to happen in 2 1 century, and it is very convenient to take a taxi. So, how do we choose materials? 1, write small details of life. Writing about parents is actually the easiest. Living together every day and paying attention to the details of life can find endless materials. Dad waits for you to come home for dinner every day, or breaks a bad habit for you; Mom sometimes nags, but she is just like your sister. What seems to be casual actually contains the love of mom and dad. No matter who you write, we can start with some small details in life and then describe them. 2. To write about a person who reflects the new face of the times and a person who is ready to help others at any time, please get rid of the old set of figures and understand that the times are changing with each passing day, and new people and new things appear every day. Do people around you keep pace with the times in all aspects, such as how people have changed since their sense of competition has become stronger? 3. Write about people in a specific period or place. People in a specific period often show special conditions, such as SARS. How do people around you behave? People usually play different social roles in different social places, and their fathers at home and in the office must look very different. Step 7: How to build a good framework for an article can not only help us determine how to write, but also determine what to write at the beginning, body and end to some extent. Sun Tzu's Art of War said: "War is just strange, and strangeness is just right, and strangeness does not mean poverty." If the cycle is endless, practice can make you poor. "The composition structure is deep and cannot be changed. Our narrative can adopt the following structure: 1. Introduction: Description of characters' appearance+pointing out the theme. 2. Preparation: Choose from different angles. 3. Expose the topic: elaborate on one thing that best reflects the ideological connotation of the characters. 4. Point out: stick to the theme. We have established the basic structure of the narrator's narration. In the next part, we will talk about how to write people and make the article vivid. Edit this paragraph and write a good narrative-write a person's article (II). In the first and second parts, we have established the basic framework of the narrator's narration. Students must be eager to know how to write, how to enrich and enrich the content of the article, and how to make a person vivid. How do we write about a person's appearance and personality, and how do we express a person's specific characteristics? In this article, we will reveal these skills one by one. People are the focus of narrative writing, and the purpose of narrative writing is to write a person with distinctive personality, how to write a person with distinctive personality, and how to make this person flesh and blood, lifelike and touching. Everyone has different faces, different languages, different actions, different thoughts and personalities, so the first treasure of writing people is description. The description of people includes portrait description, language description, action description, psychological description and so on. First, write people through portraits. Portrait mainly refers to people's appearance, including appearance, clothing, posture, expression and so on. Portrait description can write their static or their dynamic. 2. Use rhetorical devices; 3. Entrust the author's love and hate; 4. Several portraits of a person; Two points should be noted in portrait description: 1. Portrait description does not mean writing a person from eyes to nose, from nose to mouth, from mouth to ears, from ears to hair, from face to figure. Usually we just choose the most distinctive part of this person's appearance for close-up, such as writing eyes, Lu Xun said to "draw eyes." Painting eyes is the key to writing portraits. In "Blessing", he wrote 14 times about Mrs. Lin's eyes, and every change of eyes revealed the psychological and personality changes of the people at that time. We don't mean to write about eyes, but that Lu Xun used the word "painting", emphasizing the close-up of the most characteristic parts of people's appearance, usually writing. When writing about leap soil, while writing about eyes, I focus on the hand of leap soil: "That hand is not the red and round hand I remember, but as thick, stupid and cracked as pine bark. "It reflects the hardships and pains of leap soil life. Second, portrait description should not be formulaic and faceless. Generally speaking, "people are like their faces." However, people's hearts and appearances are not always the same. Beauty in appearance does not necessarily mean beauty in mind. Usually, the contrast between appearance and personality can leave a deeper impression on readers. For example, the middle-aged gadfly in The Gadfly is lame, ugly and scarred. Wang Xifeng in A Dream of Red Mansions is beautiful and handsome, but ruthless. Second, people are written by human language. 000000000605 It can express the origin, education, experience and personality of characters, and make people feel like people who hear their voices and see them. Mr. Lu Xun pointed out: "The language of describing characters enables readers to see people through conversation. "That is to say, we can see their distinctive features from the description of characters' language. To achieve this level, we need to do the following two things: first, the description of characters' language should conform to their age, experience, identity, culture and education. For example, Kong Yiji in Kong Yiji is always "Ping", and the words used to describe a farmer's truth in the article are generally simple, if you write elegantly. Obviously divorced from the reality of life. Second, the description of characters' language reflects their characteristics as much as possible. Kong Yiji's words reveal his sour taste everywhere. Third, he writes about people through their behavior. Characters' actions should conform to the essence of life and the logic of their personality development. You can choose specific and distinctive actions to express their personality and psychological activities. What people do is the expression of their thoughts and personalities. Mao Dun said: "The character of a character must be expressed through action. "Shi Naian arranged a" Jingyanggang Wusong Fighting Tigers "to shape Song Wu's character, which was all about how Song Wu" fought "and described Song Wu's resourcefulness and martial arts from the action. When describing characters' movements, we should pay attention to their vividness and typicality. By vividness, we mean that the author should write not only what the character is doing, but also how he does it. It means that the author should write why the characters are like this, not like that. Fourth, write people through the psychology of the characters. The inner world of characters is very rich, and psychological description is to fully reveal inner joy, anger, sadness, joy, love, longing, depression, pain, resentment, panic, jealousy and so on. Common psychological description methods include inner monologue, memory and association, dream illusion and so on. When writing about psychological activities, we should pay attention to the following points: 1. Write about the psychological activities of specific characters in specific circumstances. I remember there is a saying in "Selling Charcoal Weng", "The poor wear clothes and worry about charcoal. "In the cold winter, even if the charcoal seller loses weight, in order to sell charcoal, we can only hope to be colder. Second, try to write the subtle emotional waves and complex psychological changes of the characters. For example, in the last chapter of Gorky's Mother, Nilovna found the moment of vacillation, fear and inner conflict when spying until she was firm and calm. Fifth, we should write about people through their active environment. People always live in a certain social environment, and the formation of a character's character is related to his environment. Writing a good environment is extremely useful for showing the character. Marx thought: "People create the environment, and the environment also creates people." Mao Dun also believes that "people must exercise in a certain environment, so they must write about the environment in their works. The description of the environment in the works, whether it is social environment or natural environment, is not a dispensable ornament. It is closely related to the thoughts and behaviors of the characters. "Therefore, people's narratives often need to describe the environment. As you all know, environmental description can be divided into two categories: (1) natural environment description, also known as scenery description, is a description of the natural scenery of human activities. The main functions of scenery description are as follows: (1) writing scenery and setting off the emotions of characters; (2) Write down the season and place of scenic spots; (3) Describe the scenery and express the relationship between objects; (4) The description of scenery shows the character. When describing scenery, we should pay attention to the following points: 1. Grasp the characteristics of the scenery. 2. Choose the perspective of the scenery. 3. The characters' feelings should permeate the surrounding scenery. 4. The author's feelings should directly penetrate into the landscape he wrote. 4. Scenery can be written by comparison, such as the beginning and end of Blessing. Setting off Xianglinsao's tragedy with musical scenes has enhanced her works' criticism of the old society. 5. Natural scenery can be a metaphor for a certain social environment, such as Gorky's Haiyan and Mao Dun's Before the Thunderstorm. In a broad sense, it refers to the sum of social life and interpersonal relationships in a certain historical period. The description of social environment should pay attention to the following points: 1, which must have a distinct color of the times. The times we live in often create different characters, such as many typical new generations of the century and new human beings, which are all produced under the specific background of the times. 2. Must have distinctive local characteristics. When Lu Xun wrote Blessing, I used a lot of pen and ink to describe the amorous feelings of Luzhen, which left a deep impression on people. In this article, we describe several methods of role description, which we can make good use of. The characters in our works can certainly be dried up and gradually enriched. Theoretically. Edit the stylistic knowledge of this narrative. 1. The outline has the following specific requirements: (narrative, news, communication) 1. Be able to point out the narrative elements (time, place, people, cause, process and result). Understand the events, people, scenery and their ideological significance described in the narrative. Describe the characteristics and functions of sequence (time sequence, flashback and insertion). 3. Can summarize the central idea of narrative, understand the relationship between the center of narrative and materials, and properly understand the details of narrative. 4. Understand and analyze the characteristics and functions of the comprehensive use of narrative, description, discussion, lyric, explanation and other expressions. 5. Understand and analyze common expressions (symbol, contrast, contrast, etc.). ) and rhetorical devices (metaphor, personification, parallelism, etc. ) in the narrative. Understand the accurate and vivid characteristics of narrative language. 2. Description of knowledge points 1. Narrative generally has six elements, but some narratives can be omitted if some are familiar to readers, or some elements are not explained, which will not affect the expression effect. 2. The narrator has first person and third person. Is the first person to use the tone or angle of "I" to describe. Such as "Little Orange Lantern" and "Kong Yiji". Writing in the first person is easy to express your feelings directly, and it is intimate and realistic to read. The characters, events and scenes in the article are all described from a third-person perspective, such as The Emperor's New Clothes. Its advantage is that it is not limited by space and time. You can freely describe it from more aspects. 3. The clue forms of narrative are: (1) taking time as the clue; (2) Take a person as a clue; (3) Take one thing as a clue; (4) Take one thing as a clue. Most narratives have two or more clues. For example, in Mr. Fujino, the article takes the communication between the author and Mr. Fujino as the narrative clue (which is also the hidden line of the author's patriotic thoughts and feelings. 4. The order of narration needs three kinds of narration: direct narration, flashback and interpolation. Direct narration refers to writing in the order of occurrence, development and ending, with clear cause and effect and organization, such as one side; Flashback refers to writing what happened later in front and what happened first in the back. Tell the ending first to attract readers to understand its cause and effect, such as the back. Interpolation means that in the narrative process, other related plots need to be inserted, and then later events, such as pear blossoms on the post road, are described. 5. The commonly used hierarchical narrative methods are as follows: (1) The emperor's new clothes are divided according to events and development process; (2) according to the spatial transformation, such as Laoshan boundary; (3) according to the content. For example, from Baicaoyuan to Santan reflecting the moon (4) according to the changes of characters and scenes, for example, dividing horses (5) according to the changes of feelings, for example, litchi honey dislikes bees very much-wants to see bees-praises bees-wants to become bees. (6) according to the change of expression, such as a precious shirt. Lyric-narrative-lyrical, argumentation. 6. Understand and analyze the characteristics and functions of the comprehensive use of narrative, description, discussion, lyric and other expressions. Understand and analyze common expression techniques (symbol, contrast, contrast, etc.). ) and rhetorical devices (metaphor, personification, parallelism, etc. ) in narrative, understand the accurate and vivid characteristics of narrative language. 7. However, arguments, lyricism and explanations are often used to broaden the artistic conception and deepen the theme. 1 Narrative is used in various expressions: an expression of characters experience and the development and changes of things. It is the most basic, common and main expression in writing. Description: It is the appearance, action, nature, form and scenery of the characters. Specific description and vivid description of the change. Description: an expression that explains things objectively and accurately in concise language. Lyrics: The author expresses his subjective feelings and pours out his feelings through the central figures in his works. Divided into direct lyric and indirect lyric. Direct lyric is to express one's mind directly. Indirect lyric is to express love and hate in narration, description and discussion. 5 Discussion: Write your own opinions or reasons according to the work. Summary: 1. Six elements of narrative: people, time, place, cause, process and result of events II. The narrator is the first person and the third person. 3. Narrative clue: 1 Time shift as the clue 2. A person as the clue 3. An event as the clue 4. An event as the clue 4. Narrative order: sequential narration, flashback, insertion and supplementary narration. 5. Narration is divided according to events and development process, spatial transformation, content change, characters and characters. 6. Narrative performance: narrative and description (language, action, appearance, psychology, way, environment, etc. Or front, side), discussion, lyric, explanation, etc. 7. Features of narrative language: accurate and vivid. Narrative techniques: sketching, setting off, rendering, contrast, bedding, bedding, etc. Summary: 1. The answers to the reading questions of narrative and literary works mainly start from two aspects: First, summarize the content of the article and grasp the following points: (1) Grasp the elements of narrative and what should be written clearly. People-oriented writers should be clear about what kind of people to write about. (2) Grasp the key sentences and try to figure out why the author wrote these people and things. (3) Analyze the relationship between layers and clarify the context of the article. Then sum up. Second, make clear the structural characteristics and forms of expression of narrative and literary works. Master the following paragraph division methods: (1) Divide by time and space changes; (2) according to the changes of the author's thoughts and feelings; (3) according to the change of narrative content; (4) according to the narrative angle change and development stage division; 2. Paragraph by content: centered, meaning related (thoughts and feelings) Structurally answer: the total score is at the beginning: the text is always in the middle: the connecting link between the preceding and following paragraphs is at the end: summarize the full text or take care of the theme or echo from beginning to end. Supplement: Fairy tales are generally narratives, but discussion can also be used to write skills. When reading the narrative, you should be clear about the relevant knowledge points. Grasp its stylistic features. First, the concept of narrative: narrative is an article with narrative and description as the main forms of expression and people, narrative, scenery and things as the main contents. In middle schools, news, communication, biography, memoirs, fables, fairy tales and novels are often classified as narrative teaching for the convenience of teaching. Second, the classification of narrative. 2. Narrative narration; 3. Narrative writing of scenery (prose); 4. Description of the object. 3. Narrative elements: Narration has six elements-time, place, people, cause, process and result of events. 4. Narrative order: There are three commonly used-direct narration, flashback and insertion. 5. Narrative clues: Generally, there are the following types-human line, object line and narrative. Use the second person at individual times. 7. Narrative center and details: overall perception, accurately grasp the center of the article. Analyze the relationship between materials and center, and understand the detailed arrangement of materials. 8. There are five common ways to express narrative: narration, description, explanation, discussion and lyricism. Complex narratives often combine several expressions. Ideas and skills of solving problems: narrative. We can start from the following aspects: First, we can learn from the classroom and benefit from extracurricular activities. In the third grade, we learned a lot of beautiful narratives in textbooks. Mr. Ye Shengtao said: "The text is just an example." We should learn the general methods of narrative reading from these examples, and then apply these methods to the reading of extracurricular paragraphs. Narrative is the most commonly used style in our life and study. Therefore, we must master the reading and writing methods of narrative. The information revealed by the examination questions of the senior high school entrance examination in recent years shows that reading more books and thinking more will be beneficial to study and examination. For example, since 1999, the State Education Commission has advocated reading more books and reading better books. The national Chinese curriculum standard promulgated by 200 1 even lists the recommended bibliography for middle school students' extracurricular reading. It will benefit you in many ways. Second, the specific steps are as follows: 1. Perceive the content of the article as a whole and define the center. 2. See the connection between the parts of the article, get a general idea of the article, clarify the structure of the article, and divide the level of the article. 3. Feel the thoughts and feelings expressed in the language of the article. 4. Understand the meaning and sentence meaning in the context. Understand the meaning and function of words and phrases in a specific language environment. 5. Find out the most deeply felt sentences or paragraphs in the text, grasp the center of a paragraph, find out the key sentences and understand the deep meaning of these sentences. 6. Appreciate the beautiful and incisive sentences in the article, initially appreciate the images and descriptions in literary works, and experience the vivid images of the language. 7. Read the prose and understand the thoughts and feelings contained in the person or thing written by the author. Understand the characteristics of material selection and composition of the article, and experience the characteristics of prose "scattered in form but scattered in spirit" 8. When reading a novel, we should grasp the personality characteristics of the characters, analyze the description of their appearance, language, movements and psychological activities, understand the plot of the story, understand the role of environmental description and understand the author's writing intention. Skim it, read it again and again. 1 Understand the meaning first. Read carefully with questions. Read it three times more to better grasp the thoughts and feelings of the book. Grasp the main content of the article, clarify the writing ideas, and edit the ending skills at the end of this narrative. If the beginning is compared to "firecrackers", then the end is like "ringing a bell". The ancients said: "A good ending is like chewing dried fruit and tasting fragrant tea, which makes people memorable." Like the beginning, the ending is also very important. In addition to serving the content and center of the article, the ending is also restricted by the "beginning", which increases the difficulty of writing. People call the end of a good article "leopard tail". From the composition of the senior high school entrance examination, although it is not necessarily required that the end of the article is "leopard tail", it is also required to be concise, vivid and just right. Generally speaking, students are prone to make mistakes at the end of their compositions. However, the author is still not at ease. He insisted on shaking a few words, leaving behind the whereabouts of people who didn't need to be explained, and debunking the meaning that could have been realized. ② Empty slogans. Finally, in order to show his position and attitude, he shouted something irrelevant to the content of the article, which is the big problem at the end. 3 sloppy. The meaning of the ending is very clear, but he is reluctant to finish it, which conflicts with the theme of the article. From this perspective, the composition is commonly used in the senior high school entrance examination. The following are the closing techniques commonly used in the composition of the senior high school entrance examination. 1, which is a natural ending style. No matter what style of article, after expressing the content, the full text will naturally be closed, and there is no need to design profound philosophical sentences or carve rich symbolic forms. This ending is called "natural ending style". Completely avoided the problem at the end of the article, superfluous action, moaning without illness, looks very simple. It is widely used in the composition of senior high school entrance examination. The composition atmosphere in the examination room is tense and the competition is fierce. It is impossible to pay too much attention to "form" and "method". As long as you are passionate and freely express your feelings, it is a good article, but paying attention to "nature" does not mean being arbitrary and hasty, but ending the overall situation along the natural trend of literary thinking development. In the texts you have learned, I don't need to repeat them here. 2. End-to-end echo. The end should echo the beginning, write a sentence that echoes the beginning, and don't simply repeat it. This way of ending is a common way of ending all kinds of articles. This way of ending can arouse the psychological beauty of readers and produce a feeling of ending and ending. For example, "A Precious Shirt" begins by saying, "In my home, I cherish a really cool white shirt." I carefully collected this precious shirt and didn't want to wear it once. The end and the beginning echoed the praise of poplar: "I want to praise poplar loudly!" " "3. This way of ending is to express the theme clearly at the end of the article, relying on the content of the full text, using concise language, or to explain the writing intention clearly at the end of the full text, so this way of ending is also called" the finishing touch ". For example, at the end of Jujube Kernel, it says: "Changing the nation does not mean changing the national feelings. Besides, no country is so attached to its home as we are. At the end of "Remember a Spinning Wheel", it says, "It's fun to fight against difficulties. -Remember the spinning wheel. "4. Famous aphorisms, ending with famous aphorisms, famous cautionary sentences and poems, are intended to extend the article and reveal the true meaning of a certain life. It often appears at the end of essays, narratives and essays, and its usage makes it deeply imprinted in readers' minds, which has the effect of "endless words and endless meanings". At the end of "Pear Blossoms in the Post Road", it reads: "Pears in the Post Road are everywhere. "5. Lyric discussion. Ending the article with lyrical comments can express the author's feelings, arouse readers' emotional waves, arouse readers' resonance and have strong artistic appeal. This ending method is mainly used for writing. It can also be used in expository and argumentative writing. Lyric and argumentative endings have various forms, and such endings are more free. A good lyrical and argumentative ending will certainly give readers a sense of reality and sufficiency. For example, the ending of "Flower Market" reads: "She smiled and stood among the flowers, like a flower. Like an elegant orchid. "Another example is the two natural paragraphs at the end of Missing Mother, which is a typical lyric ending. The composition should be done in one go, and the ending should conform to the previous text, which is indispensable. The end of the composition is the same as the beginning, which is different, but it also has its own rules to follow. The above ending methods are just some common ending methods, so don't copy them mechanically. The really good ending lies in the students' solid training at ordinary times, in the candidates' improvisation and in the candidates' "extra-poetic merits". For example, please look at the end of a candidate's composition: If life is no longer green, why can't we take action to protect green and the environment, so that we can always have green? At that time, green would sing: "I will come gently, just like you (in the desert) walk quietly ..." (Anonymous "If life is no longer green") Comments: The author naturally thinks of green from the environment, and then starts a topic around "If life is no longer green". At the beginning of the article, through the comparison of "past", "today" and "tomorrow", it is highlighted that the environment is deteriorating and the green is decreasing, which naturally leads to anxiety. There is no green thinking about life, leaving room for imagination. Middle school friends, there is no definite way to decide which ending method to use, but also depends on the stylistic requirements and their own preferences, and can not copy dogma. If some can be discussed, some can be described, some can be quoted, and so on, it is necessary for middle school students to train more, experience in practice, try their best to explore and achieve their goals.