How to use the plotter?

Surveying and mapping instrument is an instrument used for surveying and mapping operation design, which has the functions of data collection, processing and output, and is mainly used for surveying in the planning, design, construction and management stages of engineering construction. There are three kinds of surveying and mapping instruments: level, theodolite and total station. Here are three ways to use them. In order to protect surveying and mapping instruments and ensure the safe and smooth completion of surveying and mapping production, the maintenance and preservation of surveying and mapping instruments is very important. Let's learn the relevant knowledge!

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First, how to use surveying and mapping instruments

1, level

(1) position

Placement is to install the level on a retractable tripod and place it between two observation points. First, open the tripod and make the height moderate, visually make the frame head roughly horizontal and check whether the tripod is firm, then open the instrument box and connect the level to the tripod with connecting screws.

(2) Roughness and flatness

Coarse leveling is to make the line of sight of the instrument roughly horizontal, and put the leveling bubble in the graduated circle with the foot screw. The specific method is practiced with instruments. In the process of leveling, the direction of bubble movement is the same as that of thumb movement.

3. Objectives

Aiming is aiming at the target accurately with a telescope. First, aim the telescope at the bright background in the distance and turn the eyepiece focusing screw to make the crosshair clearest. Then loosen the fixing screw, rotate the telescope, aim at the joint between the camera door and the sight with a level, and tighten the fixing screw. Finally, turn the aiming screw of the objective lens to make the leveling rod clearly fall on the plane of the crosshair, and then turn the micro screw to make the image of the leveling rod lean against one side of the crosshair.

(4) Jingping

Precise leveling is to make the line of sight of the telescope accurate and horizontal. The micro-tilt level is equipped with a set of prisms on the upper part of the leveling tube, which can refract both ends of bubbles in the leveling observation window beside the mirror tube. If the bubble is centered, the images at both ends of the bubble will conform to a parabolic shape, indicating that the line of sight is horizontal. If the images at both ends of the bubble don't match, the line of sight is not horizontal. At this time, you can turn the slightly inclined screw with your right hand, so that the images at both ends of the bubble are completely consistent. The instrument can provide a horizontal line of sight and meet the requirements of the basic principle of leveling. Attention? The moving direction of the left half of the bubble is always different from that of the right thumb.

5. Reading

Use the crosshair to intercept the reading on the leveling staff. At present, the level is mostly inverted telescope, and the reading should be carried out from top to bottom. Estimate millimeter readings first, and then report all readings. Note that the use steps of the level meter must be carried out in the above order and cannot be reversed, especially the adjustment of blisters before reading must be carried out before reading.

2. Theodolite

(1) position

Adjust the tripod to make it equal in length and suitable for the height of the operator, and fix the instrument on the tripod so that the bottom of the instrument is parallel to the top of the tripod.

Put the instrument on the measuring table, roughly center it, step on a tripod, adjust the eyepiece (see the crosshair clearly) and objective lens (see the measuring table clearly) of the optical centering device, lift a tripod with both hands, swing it back and forth, left and right, observe the centering device to make the crosshair intersection coincide with the measuring table, and step on the tripod steadily.

Telescopic tripod leg length leveling round level.

The horizontal pipe is parallel to the two leveling screws to level the horizontal pipe.

Rotate the aiming part by 90 degrees and level the leveling tube with the third screw.

Check the optical alignment. If there is a small deviation, open the translation base of the connecting screw to align it accurately, tighten the connecting screw, and then check the center of the vial.

(2) Dial reading

The reading system of optical theodolite includes horizontal and vertical disks, micrometer and reading microscope. Generally speaking, the minimum grid value of horizontal dial and vertical dial is 1 or 30'. When reading an angle value less than a grid value, a micrometer device must be used. Optical theodolite reading micrometer device has micrometer and parallel glass micrometer.

(3) Angle measurement

Measure horizontal and vertical angles.

3. Total station

(1) horizontal angle measurement

Press the angle measurement key to make the total station in the angle measurement mode and aim at the first target A.

Set the reading of the horizontal dial in direction A to 0 00' 00 ".

Aim at the second target B, and the horizontal dial reading displayed at this time is the horizontal included angle between the two directions.

(2) Distance measurement

Set the prism constant: the prism constant must be input into the instrument before ranging, and the instrument will automatically correct the measured distance.

Set atmospheric correction values or air temperature and pressure values. The propagation speed of light in the atmosphere will change with the change of temperature and pressure. 15℃ and 760mmHg are the standard values set by the instrument, and the atmosphere at this time is corrected to 0ppm. In actual measurement, temperature and air pressure can be input, and the total station will automatically calculate the atmospheric correction value (or directly input the atmospheric correction value) and correct the ranging result.

The measuring instrument has a high prism height and is input into the total station.

Ranging: aim at the center of the target prism, press the ranging key to start ranging, and display the oblique distance, horizontal distance and height difference after ranging.

(3) Coordinate measurement

Set the three-dimensional coordinates of the site.

Set the coordinates of the rear viewpoint, or set the horizontal dial reading in the direction of the rear viewpoint as its azimuth. When setting the coordinates of the rear viewpoint, the total station will automatically calculate the azimuth of the rear viewpoint direction, and set the horizontal dial reading of the rear viewpoint direction as its azimuth.

Set the prism constant.

Set atmospheric correction values or temperature and pressure values.

The measuring instrument has a high prism height and is input into the total station.

Aim at the target prism, press the coordinate measurement key, and the total station will start to measure the distance and calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of the measuring point.

(4) Data communication of total station

The data communication of total station refers to the two-way data exchange between total station and electronic computer. There are two main ways of data communication between total station and computer. One is to use the total station to configure (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association, PC card for short, also called memory card) cards for digital communication, which is characterized by strong versatility and can be used interchangeably among various electronic products; The other is to use the communication interface of total station to transmit data through cable.

Second, the use of surveying and mapping instruments matters needing attention

1, check whether the instrument back box belt and handle are firm before starting work.

2. Before taking the instrument out of the box, be sure to see the way and position of the instrument in the box. When loading and unloading instruments, you must hold the handle. When taking the instrument out of the box or loading it into the box, you should hold the handle and base of the instrument, otherwise it will affect the internal fixed parts and even make the instrument slide and break, making it unusable or reducing the measurement accuracy of the instrument. After the instrument is used, cover the objective lens first, and then wipe off the dust on the surface. When packing, all parts should be placed safely, and there is no obstacle when closing the box cover.

3, level, total station and other instruments when used in the sun, should give the instrument an umbrella, and bring their own umbrellas, affecting the observation accuracy. In a messy environment, measuring instruments should be guarded by special personnel. When the instrument is erected on a smooth surface, the three legs of the tripod should be connected by string or thin lead wire to prevent the instrument from sliding and breaking.

4. When the distance between stations is far away, the instrument should be unloaded and packed away when moving stations. Check whether the instrument box is locked and the safety belt is fastened before walking. When the distance between the stations is very close, when moving the stations, the instrument should lean on the shoulder together with the tripod, but the instrument should be kept as upright as possible.

5. Before moving the station, check whether the connection between the instrument and the tripod is firm, and gently close the brake screw during handling to prevent the instrument from shaking when moving the station.

6. If any part of the instrument fails, it shall not be forcibly used, and it shall be repaired immediately, otherwise it will aggravate the damage of the instrument.

7, optical components should be kept clean, such as dust must be removed with a brush or soft mirror paper. It is forbidden to touch the surface of any optical element of the instrument with your fingers. When cleaning the lens surface of the instrument, it is necessary to clean the dust with a clean brush first, and then gently wipe it from the center of the lens with a clean wireless cotton cloth dipped in alcohol. When cleaning the dust on the instrument box, do not use any thinner or gasoline, but scrub it with a clean cloth dipped in neutral detergent.

8. Work in a humid environment. After work, dry the moisture or dust on the instrument surface with a soft cloth before packaging. Immediately after returning to the residence, open the package, take out the instrument and put it in a dry place. Dry it thoroughly before putting it into the instrument box.

9. When all instruments are connected to external devices, it is necessary to pay attention to whether the corresponding interfaces and electrode connections are correct before starting the host and peripheral devices. Don't grab the wire and pull it out when you pull it. Hold the connector and pull it in the right direction. Don't shake the plug while pulling, so as not to damage the connector. Data transmission line, global positioning system, monitor, antenna, etc. Take-up should not be bent, but should be wound in a circle to avoid all kinds of connecting wires being pulled off, which will affect the work.