Everyone is still, only the protagonist is moving. How was this shot taken?

The shot you are talking about should not be completed by one shot and one photo. You need to take a certain number of photos and get them after post-processing. This is the so-called "shadow map" in photography: Cinemagrah/motioniamge. It belongs to the combination of static and dynamic photography.

The shooting techniques are as follows:

Use a SLR camera to shoot, plus a tripod to play a role in stable shooting.

Carefully conceive the dynamic and static layout of the picture before shooting, and the movements of the picture should be subtle, repetitive and recyclable, otherwise the final effect will be abrupt and jumping.

Try to use the M manual gear to ensure that the shutter, aperture, ISO and exposure can be adjusted to prevent the picture from changing.

PS:

If you want to further study, you can go to the free video (9? Look, it's interesting. Attach the URL: /play? festId=48