[50 points] What are the toxicity, uses, dosage, and usage of kelp, seaweed, and kelp?

Kombu

Kombu is rolled into a ball in a ribbon shape, the whole body is green and brown with salt frost,

It has a fishy smell and is salty and sticky, and the phlegm core of gall tumors is fried. taste.

[Source] It is Laminaria japonica Aresch. and Eckilnia kurome Okam. of fronds.

[Origin] Produced in Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang, Fujian and other coastal areas.

[Harvesting] Harvested in summer and autumn, after being picked up from the sea, impurities are sorted out, washed and dried.

[Medicine shape] The dried fronds of kelp are curled and folded into balls, or tangled into handfuls. The whole body is green-brown or dark-brown, with white frost on the surface. When soaked in water, it expands into a flat strip, 50-150cm long, 10-50cm wide, thicker in the middle and thinner at the edges, forming a wavy shape. The texture is thick, leathery and sticky. It is twisted by hand without layering, and the remaining handle is flat and cylindrical. It smells fishy and tastes salty.

The dry fronds of kelp are curled and shrunk into irregular balls. The whole mass is black, with white frost on the surface, and the texture is thin. Soaked in water and expanded into a flat leaf shape, the length and width are 15~26cm, and the thickness is about 0.15cm. The two sides have deep pinnate lobes, the lobes are long and tongue-shaped, and there are small teeth on the edge. The texture is smooth and can be peeled off into two layers when twisted by hand. It smells fishy and tastes salty.

The ones that are neat, thick and free of impurities are the best.

[Processing] Remove the impurities from the original medicine, wash away the sludge and salt debris, then soak it in clean water for 2-3 days, change the water 1-2 times a day, take it out and dry it on a bamboo pole. When it is 70 to 80% dry, cut it into 1cm long pieces and dry them in the sun. After soaking and bleaching, the fishy smell and salty taste can be reduced.

[Ingredients] Contains iodine, algin, laminarin, fat, protein, carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, alkaloids, amino acids, etc.

[Nature, flavor, meridians] Salty and cold, enters the liver, stomach and kidney meridians.

[Function] Eliminate phlegm, soften hardness, diuresis and reduce swelling. Used for galls, scrofula, edema and other diseases.

[Prescription name] Kelp, light kelp.

[Usage, dosage] Decoct 3-10 grams.

[Storage] Place in bamboo baskets or cattail bags in a cool and dark place to prevent sand and soil.

[Note] This product is anti-licorice.

Note: The fronds of Undaria pinnatifida (Harv.) Sur. are also used as kelp. It is mainly produced in Zhejiang. The shape of the medicinal material is similar to that of kelp, but the whole body is brown-green, thin and brittle, and most of them have been broken. After being soaked in water, it swells into a flat leaf shape, with a rib in the center, and a large amount of mucus like agar is dissolved. It is easy to peel into two layers and has a fishy smell.

Nutritional value Kelp is a vegetable with high nutritional value. Each hundred grams of dried kelp contains: 8.2 grams of crude protein, 0.1 grams of fat, and 57 grams of sugar. 9.8 grams of crude fiber, 12.9 grams of inorganic salts, 2.25 grams of calcium, 0.15 grams of iron, 0.57 mg of carotene, 0.69 mg of thiamine (vitamin B1), 0.36 mg of riboflavin (vitamin B2), niacin 16 mg, can emit 262 dry calories. Compared with spinach and rapeseed, in addition to vitamin C, its crude protein, sugar, calcium, and iron contents are several times or dozens of times higher.

Kelp is a kind of seaweed with high iodine content. Cultured kelp generally contains 3 to 5‰ of iodine, and can reach up to 7 to 10‰. The iodine and alginic acid extracted from it are widely used in medicine, food and chemical industry. Iodine is one of the essential elements for the human body. If you lack iodine, you will suffer from goiter. Eating more kelp can prevent and treat this disease, prevent arteriosclerosis, and reduce the accumulation of cholesterol and fat.

The sodium alginate in kelp can prevent leukemia and osteoarthritis; it also has a hemostatic effect on arterial bleeding. Oral administration can reduce the absorption of the radioactive element strontium-90 in the intestines. Sodium alginate has antihypertensive effects. Kelp starch has the effect of lowering blood lipids. In recent years, an extract of kelp has also been found to have anti-cancer effects. Kelp mannitol is effective in treating acute renal failure, cerebral edema, Japanese encephalitis, and acute glaucoma. People with spleen and stomach deficiency should eat less.

Applications In addition to being eaten, kelp can also be used to make kelp soy sauce, kelp sauce, and flavored powder. The Japanese grind kelp into powder and use it as an additive for foods such as red sausage, and regard kelp tea as a noble food that expresses celebration.

In industry, kelp is used to extract potassium salt, algin, and mannitol, which are used to replace flour sizing and cloth sizing. They are used as clarifiers in wine making and as medical supplies.

Kelp is an export variety, its English name is sea belt, and it is exported to the country and region: Japan.

[Edit this paragraph] Dietary therapy and medicinal purposes

English name Kelp

Latin name Thallus Laminariae

The source is kelp, a plant in the family Laminariaceae of fronds. There are distribution or artificial breeding along the coasts of Shandong, Liaoning, Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong. Harvested in summer and autumn, it is usually dried in the sun for later use.

Meridian distribution of nature and flavor: salty, cold.

①"Wu Pu's Materia Medica": "Sour and salty, cold, non-toxic."

②"Compendium of Materia Medica": "Bitter taste, cold in nature, non-toxic."< /p>

Meridian tropism: Enters the liver, stomach and kidney meridians;

① "Essential Medicines in Dose": "Enters the stomach meridian.

”

② "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Enter the spleen meridian." ”

Applications

1. Used for galls and scrofula. Use this product alone or in combination with kelp, wakame, etc. to enhance the effect of eliminating phlegm and softening and dispersing stagnation. .

2. For those who have difficulty eating or drinking, grind Amomum villosum into powder and take it with milk. p>3. It can be used with hernia and testicular cyst.

4. It can be used with other diuretic drugs. In modern times, it is used for hypertension, coronary heart disease, tumors, etc. This product can be used alone or in combination with appropriate drugs.

Usage: Decoction, cook, cold, soak in sugar, or make pills or take in powder form.

It is mainly used for eliminating phlegm and softening hardness, releasing heat and diuresis, relieving cough and asthma, removing fat and lowering blood pressure, dispersing knots and fighting cancer. It is used for galls, scrofula, hernia, cough and asthma, edema, and hypertension. , coronary heart disease, obesity.

Selected kelp therapeutic recipes

1. Treat galls and scrofula: 50 grams of kelp, 50 grams of lean pork, 2 meals a day. Or take 50 grams of kelp and 30 grams of kelp in water, 2 times a day.

2. Treat skin itching due to dampness: 50 grams of kelp, 50 grams of mung beans, and 50 grams of brown sugar. , once a day.

3. Heat, high blood pressure, and high blood lipids: 30 grams of kelp, 100 grams of wax gourd, and 30 grams of coix seed. Add appropriate amount of sugar and consume once a day. p>

4. Treat testicular swelling and pain: 15 grams of kelp, 15 grams of seaweed, 6 grams of fennel, decoction in water, once a day.

5. Treat hypertension, arteriosclerosis and other diseases. Chronic bronchitis, cough and asthma: 15 grams of kelp, 100 grams of japonica rice, and 50 grams of lean pork. Cook with porridge and season with appropriate amount of salt or sugar.

6. Treat liver fire, headache, and conjunctivitis: kelp. 20 grams, 30 grams of Cassia, boiled in water, eat kelp and drink the soup 2 times a day.

7. Treat iodine deficiency and adolescent goiter: 25 grams of kelp, 10 grams of Nostoc. 100 grams of oysters, cooked with soup, consumed regularly

8. Treat chronic pharyngitis: wash 500 grams of kelp, cut into small pieces, remove after cooking, add 200 grams of sugar and mix well. It can be eaten after 1 day of pickling. 2 times a day, 50 grams each time.

9. Treatment of obesity: 2 grams of kelp powder, 1 plum, soaked in boiling water, 2 times a day. < /p>

11. Candied kelp: Wash and cut 500 grams of kelp into small pieces. Remove after cooking. Add 250 grams of sugar and mix well. After pickling for one day, you can eat it twice a day. Take 50 grams at a time. It has the effect of softening and dispersing stagnation, and can cure chronic pharyngitis.

12. Kelp porridge: 10-15 grams of kelp, 100 grams of japonica rice, and an appropriate amount of lean pork. Cook the same with an appropriate amount of salt. (or white sugar) for seasoning and consumption. It has softening, antihypertensive and diuretic effects and is suitable for hypertension, arteriosclerosis and chronic bronchitis cough and asthma. Sclerosis and chronic bronchitis cough and asthma.

13. Kelp, winter melon and barley rice soup: 30 grams of kelp (or seaweed), 100 grams of winter melon, and 10 grams of barley rice. Cook the same soup and season with appropriate amount of sugar. It has the effects of lowering blood pressure, lowering blood lipids, clearing heat and relieving fever, diuresis and spleen, and prevent cancer.

14. Oyster and kelp soup: 100 grams of oyster, 25 grams of kelp, and 10 grams of Nostoc. Boil the same soup and eat it regularly. It can treat iodine deficiency and adolescent thyroid enlargement.

15. Kelp and mung bean sugar water: 60 grams of kelp, cut into shreds, and 150 grams of mung beans. Boil the same soup and add appropriate amount of brown sugar for seasoning. It has the functions of tonifying the heart, diuresis, softening and removing phlegm, and dispersing gall tumors. It is suitable for high blood pressure, beriberi and edema, cervical lymphatic tuberculosis, simple goiter, summer heat, prickly heat, boils, and phlegm-heat cough in children. Kelp Medicinal Diet Recipe

16. An appropriate amount of kelp, often cooked in soup, can cure high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and has anti-cancer effects.

Usage and Dosage Decoction, boil, and serve cold. 15-50 grams each time.

It should be avoided by those with weak spleen and stomach, and not by those who are emaciated.

Ingredients and Medicinal Uses

This product contains a variety of organic substances and elements such as iodine, potassium, calcium, iron, etc., as well as protein, fatty acids, sugars, multivitamins and niacin. wait. It can prevent and treat endemic goiter and significantly lower cholesterol. Regular consumption of kelp can increase the intake of iodine and greatly increase the absorption of calcium. Some people think that this is one of the factors that have anti-cancer effects. It has certain preventive and auxiliary therapeutic effects on hypertension, arteriosclerosis and excess fat.

[Edit this paragraph] Nutritional combinations

The best combinations are:

Tofu with kelp

Tofu is rich in nutrients and contains saponin. The glycoside component can inhibit the absorption of fat, promote the decomposition of fat, and prevent the production of peroxides that cause arteriosclerosis. However, saponins can cause a lack of iodine in the body, and kelp is rich in iodine necessary for the human body (per 100 grams of kelp contains 24 grams of iodine). Since kelp contains a lot of iodine, it can also induce goiter. Eating the two together can allow more saponin in tofu to be excreted, which can keep the iodine element in the body in a balanced state.

However, it should be noted that kelp is cold in nature and should not be eaten by those with weak spleen and stomach. Patients with hyperthyroidism should not eat kelp.

Pregnant women and nursing mothers should not eat too much kelp, because the iodine in kelp can enter the fetus (infant) through blood circulation, causing thyroid dysfunction in the fetus (infant).

Sesame with kelp

According to modern nutritional analysis, sesame contains a variety of nutrients needed by the human body. Its protein content is more than that of meat. It is rich in amino acids and calcium. 2 times that of milk. Sesame seeds are richer in fat, up to 54%, and have more lecithin, which can prevent premature graying or shedding of hair. It contains vitamin E and other nutrients that are beneficial to the skin, which can improve blood circulation, promote metabolism, and achieve beauty effects.

Kelp is rich in calcium and iodine, which helps in the synthesis of thyroid hormone. The combination of these two foods can not only beautify, but also delay aging.

Cold sesame kelp is a very nutritious and refreshing cold dish. First, remove impurities from 100 grams of sesame seeds, wash them clean, put them into a pot, and stir-fry slowly over low heat. When the sesame seeds are fragrant, take them out of the pot and let them cool. Wash and cut 350 grams of wet kelp into shreds. Steam the kelp shreds over high heat for 15 minutes, then remove from the pan and let cool. Add MSG, vinegar, sugar and olive oil, mix well, put on a plate, sprinkle with sesame seeds, mix well and serve.

Each expert’s discussion

1. "Compendium of Materia Medica": Kelp, salty, can soften hardness, has moistening properties, and is cold, can remove heat and dissipate stagnation, so it is mainly responsible for twelve kinds of edema, Gall tumors gather Qi and fistulas. Dong Yuan said: If the gall is as hard as a stone, it cannot be removed unless it is this way. Zheng Xian can soften the hard gall. Its odor treatment properties are roughly the same as those of seaweed.

2. "Compendium of Materia Medica": The nature of kelp is stronger than that of seaweed. It is often used for choking. It can also be used to remove old phlegm.

3. "Bielu of Famous Doctors": Mainly responsible for twelve kinds of edema, galls, gas accumulation, and fistulas.

4. "Treatise on the Properties of Medicine": dilutes water channels, removes facial swelling, and removes malignant sores and fistulas.

5. "Supplementary Materials of Materia Medica": Mainly ovoid swelling.

6. Cui Yuxi's "Food Classic": Treats nine fistulas caused by wind-heat, heat fistulas, pain and numbness in the hands and feet, and is beneficial to people.

7. "Materia Medica Tongxuan": Mainly used for choking and diaphragm.

8. Yao Kecheng's "Food Materia Medica": Nepotism, the host woman's vagina is naked and white, and the man's semen leaks from his dream.

9. "Jade Catalpa Medicinal Solution": drains water and removes dampness, breaks accumulation and softens hardness. It can clear away heat and diuresis, cure qi, bloating, scrofula, gall tumors, TUI, hernia and malignant sores. It has the same effect as seaweed and kelp.

10. "Modern Practical Chinese Medicine": Treat edema, gonorrhea, and wet athlete's foot. It also treats goiter, chronic tracheitis and cough.

Harvesting and Storage

Harvested in summer and autumn, fished out of the sea and dried in the sun.

Resource distribution

1. The distribution range of natural growth is limited to the fertile sea areas of Liaodong and Shandong peninsulas in my country. Artificial breeding has been extended to the coastal areas of Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and other places. But it is a cold temperate species.

2. my country is distributed along the coasts of Zhejiang and Fujian. A warm temperate species.

3. my country's Forma distans Miyabe et Okam. can be divided into two types: North Sea type (forma distans Miyabe et Okam.) The algal body is relatively slender, with pinnate cracks close to the middle rib, and the sporophyll is quite far away from the leaf. distance. Grows in Dalian and Shandong coastal areas. The South China Sea type (forma typica Yendo) is just the opposite, that is, the body is shorter, the pinnate cracks are shallower, and the sporophylls are close to the leaves. It grows naturally in the sea area of ??Shengsi Islands in Zhejiang and belongs to this type.

Taboos

People with spleen and stomach deficiency and coldness and dampness should not take it.

Animal and plant morphology

1. Laminaria algae are olive brown and dark brown after drying. When mature, the leather becomes band-shaped, generally 2-6m long and 20-50cm wide. There are two parallel shallow grooves running longitudinally in the center of the blade. The thicker part between the two grooves is the "middle belt", with a thickness of about 2- 5mm, the edges on both sides gradually become thinner and have wavy wrinkles. The base of the blade is wedge-shaped and becomes oblate in the thickening stage. There is a short cylindrical or oblate shank underneath, 5-15cm long. The inside of the shank and blade are composed of Composed of pith, cortex and epidermis. There is a mucus cavity in the outer cortex, and there are secretory cells in the cavity, which can secrete mucus to the surface of the leaf body to form a gel layer, which makes the algae sticky and slippery and plays a protective role. The pith is composed of many algal filaments, and one end of the algal filament cells is expanded into a trumpet-shaped tube. The leaves are smooth during the juvenile stage of the algae, while the leaves appear uneven during the small kelp stage. On the lower part of the leaves of annual algae, sporangia can usually be seen growing in nearly round patches; on biennial algae, sporangia can grow on almost all leaves. The anchorage is composed of forked rhizoids. Spores mature in autumn.

2. Black Laminaria algae are dark brown to dark brown, leathery, 30-100cm or more high. The fronds are flat and wide, slightly thicker in the middle, with one or two deep pinnate lobes from both sides. The lobes are tongue-shaped or longer, slightly wrinkled, and the edges are generally coarsely serrated. The petiole is stem-shaped, cylindrical or slightly flat, 4-12cm long and 3-8mm in diameter. There are mucus cavities in the cortical cells of the algae arranged in a ring, with 1-2 layers. The pith is composed of trumpet filaments with irregular directions. Zoosporangia are formed in the central part of the mature thallus and on the surface of the lateral lobes. The holdfast consists of two-branched rhizoids. Sporangia are formed in early summer and the spores mature in autumn.

3. Undaria algae are yellow-brown, soft leathery, 1-2m high, 50-100cm wide, with flat fronds, an obvious raised rib in the middle, and thin and soft sides on both sides, forming Most of the lobes are pinnate, or have notches of varying sizes, but no serrations.

There are many small black spots scattered on the leaf surface, which are the openings of mucus cells to the epidermis. When mature, there are fungus-like overlapping folded sporophylls on both sides of the lower petiole, which are slimy and thick, with dense sporangia on them. The lower end of the petiole is a fixture composed of forked rhizoids.

Effect classification

Cough medicine; soft and hard medicine; diuretic medicine

Cultivation of medicinal plants

Biological characteristics of kelp is originally cold water. seaweed. Its growth temperature is 0~13℃, with 2~7℃ being the optimum temperature. Kelp requires sufficient light energy for photosynthesis and absorbs nutrients from seawater. Due to the different turbidity or transparency of seawater, the water layer suitable for growth also has different depths. The deeper ones are 2 to 3m below the tide line, and the shallower ones are on the water surface. Below lm depth (topdressing nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in seawater can increase kelp yield). It grows well in sea areas with high flow rates, but grows very slowly and is susceptible to diseases. Generally, the flow rate is 50-80cm/s, which is more suitable.

Laminaria is a plant with obvious generational alternation. The algal ascus releases zoospores, which germinate to form gametophytes. The oocysts and spermatophores of the gametophytes combine to form zygotes. The zygotes germinate to produce juvenile sporophytes and juvenile spores. The asexual reproduction of body meridian is kombu.

Cultivation technology Although there are many kinds of kelp seedlings, summer seedlings cultivated from June to July are the main source of kelp seedlings in my country. In the kelp breeding sea area, choose a rocky bottom and pollution-free sea area to build a nursery with a refrigeration system, a water supply system that pumps water from the sea for purification, and a glass house structure that can adjust the light. There is a big difference in temperature between the north and south of my country, so spores should be collected from June to August before the water temperature rises to 23°C. Select individuals from the sea with straight, wide, thick, strong leaves, dark brown color, many spores, moderate maturity, and no decay to grow kelp, and move them indoors to water to continue cultivating them. Keep the water temperature between 13 and 18°C, provide natural light, and topdress nitrogen with 400 mg/m3 and phosphorus at 520 mg/m3. After 14 days, sporangia will be produced on the leaf surface. In order to release a large amount of zoospores, the kelp can be hung in a cool place to dry for 2 to 4 hours, and then put into a pool with a water temperature of 20 to 22°C to stimulate it to release zoospores and attach to a growth base made of bamboo or brown rope. , and then cultivate. The cultivation water temperature is below 10°C, and the light time is maintained for more than 10 hours every day. The amount of light is adjusted through shading equipment according to different growth stages, increasing from 500lx to 3000lx. The amount of fertilizer applied during the seedling stage is 3×10-6 nitrogen and 0.15×10-6 phosphorus in the early stage, 4×10-6 nitrogen and 0.2×10-6 phosphorus in the middle stage, and 5×10-6 nitrogen and 0.15×10-6 phosphorus in the late stage. Regularly replace a portion of the seawater and maintain a certain flow rate so that the amount of water replaced per hour can reach 1/6 to 1/3 to keep the water clean. After about 100 days, when the seedlings grow to 1 to 2 cm long, they are moved to the sea for temporary cultivation. The curtains should be shaded, fertilized and the water layer should be adjusted in time so that when the seedlings grow to 10 to 15 cm, the seedlings can be pinched and "pulled out with a lot of shaking" After picking the seedlings, clamp the seedlings on a 1.5 to 2m long seedling clamping rope. A single seedling is clamped at a distance of 2.5-3cm, and a cluster of 2-3 seedlings is clamped into a cluster with a cluster spacing of 5-7cm. Then the seedling rope is hung on the raft. Three forms of vertical, flat and slope cultivation can be adopted.

In the seedling stage, pests and diseases mainly include green rot, white rot and other diseases. By controlling the appropriate density of spore attachment (not too large), increasing the light, strengthening washing, and using 0.05% or 0.01 % ammonium sulfate soaking can have a preventive and therapeutic effect. During the cultivation period, attention should be paid to intensive cultivation in the early stage and thinning out when the kelp grows to about 1m. According to the different growth stages of kelp, measures such as adjusting the light intensity, washing floating mud, spraying ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and other chemical fertilizers, adjusting the water layer, etc. are adopted to prevent and control green kelp. Rot, white rot, punctate white rot.

Processing method

Pick out impurities, rinse with water, cut into wide strips, and dry.

Identification of Raw Medicinal Materials

Character Identification (1) Kelp Curly and folded into balls or tangled into handfuls. The whole color is green-brown or dark-brown, with white frost on the surface. Soak it in water and then unfold it into a long flat strip, 50-150cm long and 10-40cm wide, with a thicker center and thinner and wavy edges. Leather-like material, with remaining flat cylindrical handle. The smell is fishy and the taste is salty.

(2) Black kelp: The segments are oval or oblate, with 1-2 deep pinnate lobes, long tongue-shaped lobes, and sparsely toothed or entire edges. The smell is fishy and the taste is salty. Soak in water and layer by hand.

(3) Undaria pinnatifida: The slices have deep feather-like cracks and a raised midrib in the center. The smell is fishy and the taste is salty. The ones with large slices, thick body and green color are better.

Quality mark "The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China" 1995 stipulates: Calculated as a dry product, the iodine (I) content of kelp should not be less than 0.35%, and the iodine (I) content of black kelp should not be less than 0.35%. 0.20%.

Nature and flavor

Salty; cold; non-toxic

Chemical identification of traditional Chinese medicine

Take 10g of this product, cut into pieces, and add 200ml of distilled water , soak for 4 hours, take the filtrate and concentrate to 1/2. Take 2 to 3 ml of the concentrated solution, add 1 drop of nitric acid and a few drops of silver nitrate test solution to produce a yellow milky precipitate, which is slightly soluble in ammonia solution and insoluble in nitric acid. (Check for iodine)

The basic source of the medicinal materials

is the fronds of Laminaria laminaria, a plant of the family Laminariaceae (Laminariaceae), and the fronds of Laminaria nigra and Undaria pinnatifida.

Dosage Form

Kombu eye drops.

Usage and Dosage

Oral administration: decoction, 5-15g; or take into pills or powder.

Source

"Chinese Materia Medica" and "Dictionary of Chinese Medicine"

[Edit this paragraph] Cooking Instructions

Kelp is a taste Delicious food that can be eaten cold or made into soup. But before eating, it should be washed first, then soaked, and then the soaked water and kelp should be put into the pot to make soup for consumption. This prevents mannitol and certain vitamins dissolved in water from being discarded, thereby preserving the active ingredients in kelp.

Soak in water for 2 to 3 hours before cooking, changing the water several times in between.

To ensure that the kelp is tender and delicious, boil it in water for about 15 minutes, but the time should not be too long.

Do not soak kelp for a long time before eating it

First of all, you need to find out whether kelp contains "arsenic"? Arsenic is commonly found in the environment and in plants and animals in nature. Aquatic organisms, especially marine organisms, have a strong ability to accumulate arsenic. Generally, marine fish contain arsenic of 1.1 mg/kg, lobsters 70 mg/kg, and kelp 35 -40 mg/kg. Of course, the degree of pollution in different sea areas is different, and the arsenic content is also different.

Elemental arsenic is not toxic, but arsenic compounds such as oxides, salts and organic compounds are toxic. Arsenic is a trace element in the body and plays a certain role in human cell metabolism. However, long-term excessive intake can cause chronic poisoning. Arsenic in the human body mainly exists in the form of arsenite, which is mainly excreted through the kidneys and intestines. The arsenic content in the blood of normal people is 0.0064 mg/100 ml, and the arsenic content in urine is <0.5 mg/l. The World Health Organization tentatively sets the maximum allowable intake of arsenic as 0.05 mg/kg body weight per day.

The common ways in which arsenic contaminates food are: ① contamination by industrial hazardous substances; ② contamination by arsenic-containing pesticides; ③ contamination during food processing; ④ contamination of containers, etc. The arsenic content in kelp is mainly caused by seawater pollution.

Therefore, when eating kelp, from a safety perspective, you must wash it thoroughly. After the kelp is soaked in water, arsenic and arsenic compounds will be dissolved in the water, and the arsenic content will be greatly reduced. When soaking, you need more water, or change the water once or twice. As for the soaking time, it is difficult to say for sure. This has a lot to do with the texture of the kelp and the arsenic content. The soaking time is longer when the kelp is tender and contains less arsenic. Not too long.

If the texture is hard and contains a lot of arsenic, the soaking time can be relatively long, but since the arsenic content is difficult to identify with the naked eye, it is generally said that soaking for about 6 hours is enough, because the soaking time If it is too long, the nutrients in the kelp, such as water-soluble vitamins, inorganic salts, etc., will also dissolve in the water, and the nutritional value will be reduced.

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Scientific name Laminaria japonica Aresch

Classifies Phaeophyta, Phaeophyceae (the only class in this phylum), Laminariales, Laminariaceae, and the genus Laminaria.

Also known as kelp and cabbage.

Morphology: The algal body is brown, long ribbon-shaped, leathery, generally 2-6 meters long and 20-30 cm wide. The algal body is clearly divided into holdfasts, stalks and leaves. The anchor is rhizome-shaped, the handle is thick and short, cylindrical, and the upper part of the handle is a wide, long ribbon-shaped leaf. There are two parallel shallow grooves in the center of the blade. In the middle is the middle band, which is 2-5 mm thick. The two edges of the middle band are thinner and have wavy wrinkles. It is also an algae plant. The root-like part is just a root-like object that plays a fixing role, and the leaf-like part is called a thallus.

Origin and Season: It is cultivated in Liaoning, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian and the northern coast of Guangdong Province in my country. Wild kelp can be found on rocks at a depth of 2-3 meters below the low tide line. Due to the influence of temperature difference, light and other factors from north to south, the growth and maturity period of kelp may be earlier or later. Kelp in the same sea area or on the same seedling rope also has its maturity period. Therefore, the harvest period starts from May. Mid-term extends to early July.

Nutritional value Kelp is a vegetable with high nutritional value. Each hundred grams of dried kelp contains: 8.2 grams of crude protein, 0.1 grams of fat, 57 grams of sugar, 9.8 grams of crude fiber, and 12.9 grams of inorganic salt. , 2.25 grams of calcium, 0.15 grams of iron, 0.57 mg of carotene, 0.69 mg of thiamine (vitamin B1), 0.36 mg of riboflavin (vitamin B2), 16 mg of niacin, and can emit 262 dry calories . Compared with spinach and rapeseed, in addition to vitamin C, its crude protein, sugar, calcium, and iron contents are several times or dozens of times higher.

Kelp is a kind of seaweed with high iodine content. Cultured kelp generally contains 3 to 5‰ of iodine, and can reach up to 7 to 10‰. The iodine and alginic acid extracted from it are widely used in medicine, food and chemical industry. Iodine is one of the essential elements for the human body. If you lack iodine, you will suffer from goiter. Eating more kelp can prevent and treat this disease, prevent arteriosclerosis, and reduce the accumulation of cholesterol and fat.

The sodium alginate in kelp can prevent leukemia and osteoarthritis; it also has a hemostatic effect on arterial bleeding. Oral administration can reduce the absorption of the radioactive element strontium-90 in the intestines. Sodium alginate has antihypertensive effects. Kelp starch has the effect of lowering blood lipids. In recent years, an extract of kelp has also been found to have anti-cancer effects.

Kelp mannitol is effective in treating acute renal failure, cerebral edema, Japanese encephalitis, and acute glaucoma. People with spleen and stomach deficiency should eat less.

Applications In addition to being eaten, kelp can also be used to make kelp soy sauce, kelp sauce, and flavored powder. The Japanese grind kelp into powder and use it as an additive for foods such as red sausage, and regard kelp tea as a noble food that expresses celebration.

In industry, kelp is used to extract potassium salt, algin, and mannitol, which are used to replace flour sizing and cloth sizing. They are used as clarifiers in wine making and as medical supplies.

Kelp is an export variety, its English name is sea belt, and it is exported to the country and region: Japan